Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2016 | Volume:29 | Issue:1 (110)|Papers Count:13

Abnormal behaviors of the horses are among the most important problems, in the ridding clubs, with the loneliness and boredom the two most important causes of these abnormal behaviors. The man power scarcity is the important reason many ridding clubs face and this is the reason why the abnormal behavior are mostly observed in such clubs. Currentstudy is the first report regarding facial expressions of the Caspian Pony to different objects. Totally 10 Caspian ponies were used in this study. The pictures were taken both in the calm and in the furious (nervous) situation The pony’s pictures were the alternatives we used in this research to combat the man power scarcity!. We also used mirror to compare the expressions of the ponies to the pictures and mirror. The results of this study showed that the ponies showed more attention to the picture in calm position when compared with the picture in nervous position. In the box with the mirror and the picture (in calm position) in it, the ponies paid much more attention to the mirror than the picture. We conclude that despite of resistant of ponies for leaving outdoor and entering to indoor (paddock to box), installing mirror can prevent (almost completely) the horse’s boredom and loneliness, a very cheap (but not wise! alternative for manpower). The results of this research were applicable and were suggested to many ridding clubs with the horses with stereotypic behaviors, received almost completely positive results.

The venom of Naja naja oxiana, Vipera lebetina, Vipera albicornouta, Echis carinatus, Pseadocerastus persicus and Agkistrodon halyssnakes are used to determine the potency of the polyvalent sera in neutralizing the venom. LD50 value per mouse was determined 6.5 mg. Neutralizations methods for obtaining potency of anti venom are competitive ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and in vivo assay (ED50). Both of these tests were performed to estimate the serum potency in 15 samples of hyper-immune equines. Results of competitive ELISA showed that 1.12000 diluted serum can inhibits 50 percent of antigens. Competitive ELISA was compared with current biological assay ED50. Significant correlations between ELISA titers and values of ED50 at level of P£0.01 and r=0.95 was observed, that indicates competitive ELISA can estimate antibody neutralizing capacity of the serum as well as the in vivo assay.The results of present study shows C-ELISA that measures Ag-Ab complex can used as a suitable replacement method for lethal neutralizing in vivo method.

In two recent decades, two sever outbreak of influenza disease have been occurred in Iran. During first epidemic that was, suddenly, happened in summer 1998, subtype H9N2 Avian influenza virus infection rapidly distributed in chicken breeding farms. The infections caused sever mortality and reduction of egg production as well as huge economic losses.In the second epidemic of influenza, that was occurred following pandemic of pig subtype of H1N1influenza virus, considerable number of people became infected and sick, over the country, which was terminated to death of some of patients and consumption of huge cost due hospitalization and treatment. Although, these epidemics could be considered in different aspects as a disaster, however, they have had some benefits such as: to be activation of different research centers, all over the country, in the field of epidemiological studies, pathogenesis and the genetic alteration of influenza viruses; identifying circulating influenza viruses; studies on the role of wild migratory birds in occurrence of influenza epidemics; Identifying ways to control, treatment and surveillance of the disease; establishment of reference avian influenza virus laboratory in Razi institute. The current article is a review on the literatures of researches on influenza disease, in Iran, in the field of veterinary medicine and medicine in recent two decades. In this way, the author has tried to perform more discussion on some important dark points of influenza disease.

The gutting effect of Northern pike on the sensory properties, chemical and bacterial community was done during 3 months of frozen storage (days 0, 30, 75 and 90) at -18°C. For this purpose the amount of approximate composition (moisture, protein and lipid), chemical spoilage indices including Peroxide (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Total Volatile Bases-Nitrogen (TVB-N), Total Microbial Count (TVC) and Sensory characteristics (taste, odor, color and texture) were evaluated. The results showed that there are no different during storage, in moisture, protein and lipid contents in both whole and gutted fish, significantly (P>0.05). PV in whole fish from 1.8±0.04 to 4.48±0.20 and in gutted fish to 5.34±0.18meqo2/kg (P>0.05), TBA in whole fish form 0.48±0.01 to 0.9±0.007 and in gutted fish to 0.96±0.007 mg MDA/Kg (P>0.05) and TVB-N in whole fish from 9.91±0.12 to 22.31±0.2 and in gutted fish from 24.78±0.50mg/100g (P<0.05) during storage showed an increasing during the storage. Total count of bacteria represents an increasing in whole fish (from 3.54±0.007 to 6.74±0.19 Logcfu/g) in comparison to gutted fish (with 5.95±0.007 Logcfu/g) (P<0.05). In sensory characteristics the qualities of odor, texture and taste of whole fish were more than gutted fish but the color index showed minimal changes. Thus, according to results the best shelf time of 75 days for Northern pike whole frozen was determined.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that spread from infected animals to humans. Six classic species of Brucella include B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. neotomaeand B. ovis. there. Four new species of Brucella including B. pinnipediae, B. inopinata B. cetaceaeand B. maris have been reported in recent years. There are several methods to diagnosis of brucellosis. Some of these methods contain agglutination tests, such as Wright - Rose Bengal and ring test. The expiry date of these products are considered for one year in Razi Institute. Since the expiry date of foreign similar products is greater than one year also OIE and WHO guidelines are not mandatory on the one-year expiration of these products. So this project is to investigate the possibility of increasing the expiration date of the products for longer storing time and provides easy access to consumers. For this project, the antigens were sampled and the following two methods were used: 1- Real Time Stability Study. The standard method for determining the product expiry date is Real Time Stability Study. In this method, the sample antigens were tested at production time for 3 years in one-year periodical durations.2- Accelerated Stability Study. The results showed that the physical and chemical characteristics including packed cell volume, sterility, phenol, pH, agglutination test with standard serum of Rose Bengal, Wright and ring test antigens did not show marked changes rather than specifications feature at production time and standard sample. Therefore, the results indicated that the expiry date of Rose Bengal, sero agglutination Wright and Milk Ring antigens can be considered for 3 years.

Plasma biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the maturity and for monitoring any changes in the quality of waters and related soils.The aim of this research was to investigate the reference values of biochemical factors in sea bream (Acantopagrus latus) and grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Blood samples (30 grouper and 30 sea bream) were collected from captured fish from coastal waters of Chabahar (Ramin waterfront). Plasma levels of glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride, total protein, albumin, calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na+), bilirubin and potassium (K+) were measured. The plasma levels of different biochemical values inA. latus and E. coioideswere Na+ (328.50 ± 32.03, 271.90±27.88), K+ (2.12±0.42, 3.43±0.39), Ca2+(19.80±2.97, 16.80±2.34), P (2.35±0.40, 2.40±0.57) (mmol/l) and CHO (257.30±35.51, 137.30±42.11), triglyceride (102.02±11.82, 68.10±15.34), BUN (3.82±0.55, 2.66±0.45), bilirubin (0.24±0.04, 0, 44±0.13), glucose (44.25±16.18, 43.70±10.11) (mg/dl), protein (4.31±0.32, 3.92±0.36) and albumin (0.15±0.03, 0.36±0.05) (g/dl) respectively. It can be concluded that the values of blood biochemical parameters is may be affected by It can be concluded that the studied parameters may be affected by physiological factors such as the species of fish.

Lymnaeidae snails is known as intermediate host of trematodes (Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum and Fasciola gigantica). These snails are amphibious and living around small quantities of fresh water. The aim of this study was identify Lymnaea spp. andLymnaea gedrosiana snails in Lorestan province. In this study different snails (shell) were collected during spring and summer (from 2014 To 2015) around rivers and ponds in northern, southern and Easter parts of Lorestan province. Snail identification was done according to spire Length, width measurement and operculum direction when stand on horizontal surface. A total number of 1813 dextral snails (Family: Lymnaeidae) were collected and identified.The highest percentage belonged to theL. gedrosiana (32.08%), followed by L.auricularia (15.25%), L. truncatula (6.25%) and L. stagnalis (3%) in north province. (p<0.05). Percentage of L. gedrosiana in south province was 57.5%. Totally, percentage o fL. gedrosiana in Lorestan province was 45%. Finally this is the first record ofL. gedrosiana snail from Lorestan province.

Newcastle disease is one of the most serious viral diseases in the poultry worldwide. Since the traditional strategies have been not control it well, the aim of this study was to introduce new methods for early and rapid diagnosis of Newcastle.In this study, to detect the virus, a Real-time PCR method was optimized, Viral RNA was extracted from strain B1 using the kit RNease mini (Qiagen, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. This sample had 68.23×109 copy numbers of viral RNA per each microliter. Then, a serial dilution as 100-fold was prepare from the initial sample. Then, these dilutions were simultaneously applied in reverse transcription and Realtime PCR using commercial kits (Genekam Biotechnology, Germany) according to the manufacture’s instruction. The sensitivity of Real-time PCR reaction was determined based on serial dilutions of 1×10-34 copy number per micro liter. Since, speed and accuracy in diagnosis of contagious of Newcastle disease virus plays an important role to control the disease, so adopting this method is recommended as a diagnostic test with high sensitivity.

Heavy metals occur in the environment special aquatic ecosystems. They may be enter in food chain and can affect human and animals health. In this study concentrations of heavy metlas, such as Cd, As and Cu were determined in sediment, common reed (Phragmites australis) and the muscle fish (Abramis bram, Varicorhinus dapoeta, Capoeta capoet, Cyprinus carpio) using drying ash method and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICPOES) instrument. ANOVA analysis showed significant difference between metal concentrations between samples (P<0.001). Linear regression of metal concentrations was significant (P<0.001) and no correlation observed between metal concentrations in sediment, common reed and fish (P>0.05). Concentrations of As and Cd in sediment and fish is above of standard guideline (EPA and FAO). Common reed accumulated execs of heavy metals.

This study has investigated the sources of Journal of Pejouhesh va Sazandegi (Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture) in 2002 until the end of 2008 deals. Research method was citation analysis. The population consisted of 518 articles and papers are cited 8736. Average citations per paper is 8.16. The citation to a journal with %3.66 and the book %5.23.Most references to 2.76% are in English. %8.31 of papers are single-author. Half-life is 16 years with the highest level of English books and periodicals half-life 6 years. Persian cited journal Pejouhesh va Sazandegi with 282 citations and non-Persian "Aqua Culture" with 159 citations are cited. In author J. M. Pour has 8 citing articles. Iranian writer cited material with 43 citations is Behyar Jalali and non Iranian is Radostits with 27.

Paratuberculosis caused byMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and noncurable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP Type II (cattle type). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP Type II is intriguing.

Mycobacterium aviumsubspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the ethiological agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants leading to exensive economical loss. Recently, application of Short Sequence Repeat (SSR) anylsis in genotyping of MAP, has come to attention. In the present work results from application of a two-locus (SSR8 & SSR9) SSR typing system on three Iranian field and one laboratory strain have been addressed. Three Iranian field and one laboratory strain were incorporated in the study. Identification of these as MAP was achieved through F57-PCR and IS900 -PCR.The Amonsin version of SSR typyng system was conducted on the bacteria under study using SSR8 and SSR9 loci.Either of the SSR8 and SSR9 produced two alleles. A larger allel of 781 bp and a smaller allele of 778 bp at SSR8 and two alleles of 581 and 578 bp long at SSR9. A single SSR8/SSR9 pattern was shared by the bovine and ovine MAP isolates plus the laboratory strain while the caprine isolate represented a different type. If Iran holds a heterogenous MAP population, we assume detection of at least two SSR types in this work is a likely reflection of such diversity but how extensive such diversity might be further studies are required.

In this study, in order to preparation of primary cell culture of honey bees, some samples were collected from larval and pupal honey bee and were prepared according to standard guidelines. For preparing of primary culture, the shorttime enzymatic disaggregation (three-phase, 10 min), long-time (18 h) and planting minced tissues methods were used.For growth of obtained cells in various methods, the Grac' e medium enriched with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to a value of 15% was used in the temperature 28oC. Cells obtained in various methods, had good status in number and rate of growth of living cells and have reached in full confluency after 2-5 weeks and several successive subcultures were prepared. In enzymatic disaggregation method the best result was obtained from long-time trypsinization of pupa stage.The result of planting minced tissues method in the larval and pupal stages were similar and both were great.