Contemporary Studies on Sport Management
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:3 (3)|Papers Count:11

It is assumed that foot posture could be contributed to musculoskeletal conditions of the lower Limb. Consequently, it may alter lower limb alignment and function. The purpose of this study was to assess some selected clinical lower limb measures including tendo-Achilles length, Q angle and hamstring tightness among females with pes planus in comparison with controls.Twenty-eight college-age females with pes planus and twenty-four age-matched healthy controls were selected to participate in the study. Foot type was measured by navicular-drop method. Selected clinical measures as tendo-Achilles length, knee alignment and hamstring tightness were measured by lunge test, Q angle test and the active knee extension test respectively. Independent t-test was employed for statistical analysis (p<0.05).Subjects with pes planus deformity had significantly a greater amount of lunge test, Q angle test and the active knee extension test than those of controls (p=0.01 and p=0.000 respectively). The individuals with pes planus had a longer tendo-Achille, greater hamstring tightness and the Q angle as well. These findings could be affected lower extremity function and foot pain. These effects should be considered when assessing lower limb function or designing treatment protocols.

Muscle fatigue has been defined as an acute, exercise-induced reduction in the maximum force-generatin capacity of a muscle. When muscle contraction with low force production is sustained for a long time, the individual synergistic muscles are not continuously activated but alternate between periods of activity and silence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional interrelationship between synergistic muscle activities during a sustained sub maximal isometric plantar flexion. In a expremental design, 12 healthy male subjects with no history of lower limb injury have been volunteered for this study. Subjects performed 50 repetition of calf raise and sustained isometric calf raise task for 60 sec immediately. Surface electromyogram recorded from lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) during isometric contraction. The data were divided into 10-sec blocks. Alternate muscle activity between two muscles was assessed by repited masure ANOVA analysis on the basis of the LG/MG rate of integrated EMG (IEMG). In addition Pearson Correlation coefficients were computed between IEMG values recorded from MG and LG to investigate between-synergist substitution. The result indicated that there is a significant difference (p£0.05) in LG/MG IEMG's ratio among 6 blocks (10 sec) during 1 min isometric contraction, suggesting that these muscles generally didn't acted together. There was a moderately strong negative correlation, but not significant (p>0.05), in IEMG between LG and MG during contraction, demonstrated a tendency toward trade-off synergism. The findings of this study suggest that the relative activation of medial and lateral gastrocnemius are not constant during submaximal fatiguing task and these synergists most likely rotate in a complementary pattern to maintain the constant force.

The purpose of this study was a survey on the sports and physical education publishing on the basis of customer needs in Tehran Book Exhibition (2011). The methodology was descriptive and a survey with filed study for data gathering. The population were sports and physical education customers in Iran and the sample 384 inches customers in Tehran Book Exhibition at 1390 by random selection. The instrument was researcher-made questionnaire whose credit and reliability has been approved (%85).The results showed that there were no difference between opinions of physical educators and non physical educators customers about: qualities, design and price of sports books. But they had difference about brand popularity of publishers and scientific position of writers (p<0.05).Customers believed that the characteristics of existence book wasn't desirable and publishers must give more attention to the quality of their books. They have demanded experts to write the books and the books should be published by high grade publishers. They wanted the proper price for book on the basis of content of the book and their potential. Also, the sport publishers must have better advertisements and information about their products. Thus, Ministry of Islamic guidance and culture or universities (Departments of physical education) will play some workshops about sport marketing and sport communication for sport publishers. This will direct them to publish on the basis of customer needs.

The purpose of this research was surveying relative ratio of knowledge management on organizational health in Esfahan Physical Education offices and Physical mission.The research method was descriptive-correlation and statistics community consists of all staffs of Isfahan physical education Offices and physical missions in 2010 (222 persons). The case mass specified by Morgan and Kerjeas Table (1970) is 140 persons, but the completed and returned questionnaires were 128. The method of random classification sampling was corresponding to statistics community. The measurement devices used by science management are questionnaires which are based on Nonaka and Takochi model (1995) and organizational health 30 quiz questionnaire are based on Mailz model. Currency of these questionnaires is confirmed by experts and that reliability of them after a pilot study were 0.85 and 0.88 in order. According to comprehensive analysis of resulted data from measurement devices of statistics method, Regression index, correlation index, and variance analysis of several variable are used. The results show: the noticing "r" at p<0.05 level indicates that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between knowledge management and organizational health of Isfahan physical education and physical missions. In this manner, there is a positive and meaningful correlation between socializing, internalizing and externalizing of science and compounding of science with some organizational health characteristics.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity with quality of life and life satisfaction among middle-aged female teachers in Kermanshah. The research design was a correlation. For this purpose 396 women (aged 35-55) were selected using cluster sampling method. Perceived quality of life, life satisfaction and physical activity were assessed using the SF-36 health survey (SF-36), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), in significance level of P <0.05. Results Pearson correlation coefficient showed that physical activity had significant positive correlation with mental health (r=0.20), physical health (r=0.36) and life satisfaction (r=0.18). Also between mental health (r=0.49) and physical health (r=0.38) had positive correlation with life satisfaction. Analyses indicated that relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction was indirect. Specifically, physical activity influenced life satisfaction through physical and mental health status, which in turn influenced life satisfaction. Path analysis results offered support for the proposed model. Our findings of middle -aged female indicates that physical activity level promotes dimensions physical and mental health and life satisfaction. Therefore, interventions to increase physical activity would be recommend for enhancement health status in middle-aged female.

The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between job burnout and general health among physical education teachers on Lorestan Province. Methodology of the present study is descriptive and correlative. The statistical population include the physical education teachers of Lorestan Province. Of them, 217 teachers (126 men and 91women) have been chosen as statistical sample by using Morgan and Jerjsi Table. Standardized questionnaires of general health (GHQ28) and Maslache job burnout were used in order to collect data. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics indexes, also the inferential statistics tests such as Pearson Correlation Test, Regression and T for independent groups have been used. The results showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between job burnout and general health of teachers. So, the teachers who have had high job burnout have had less general health. Also, the results showed that the rate of burnout among male and female teachers were not significant differences.There are significant differences among male and female teachers in terms of general health. So, the rate of general health among the male teachers are more than the general health among the women.

Steps of recruiting personnel in volunteer sector and employees are the same, but in some items it may be different. The purpose of this study is designing the model of volunteer management in sport. The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population were the managers and experts of sport administration of Tehran municipality (118 subjects).The statistical samples were equal to statistical population. The researcher-made questionnaire consist of 8 dimension was used to collecting the data that its content and face validity was confirm by faculty members.Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire (a=0.88).Path analysis used to analyze the data by SPSS version. The respondents were asked to indicate their level of agreement on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Results showed that, planning, screening, orientation, recruiting, training, recognition and evaluation were 69%, 38%, 58%, 48%, 52%, 71%, 75% effective on volunteer's retention. Therefore, it has suggested to consider that volunteer management process and the effects of any dimension on volunteer retention specially evaluation and recognition.

Recruitment of sport event volunteers is one of the important challenges for sport event managers, so most of studies to be focused on relationship between motivations and volunteer recruitment management. Therefore, the Purpose of this study was to assess motivations and organizational commitment of sport event volunteers to recruitment and retention of volunteers. The method applied in this research was descriptive–correlation. The statistical population consisted of Sport Volunteers at the 10th Iranian Universities Sport Olympiad in Summer 2010. Because of low statistical population as the sample population was considered (N=n). The research instruments were the "demographic questionnaire" and "sport volunteer motivations questionnaire" (Andam et al, 2009) comprised 37 items and "organizational commitment questionnaire" (Allen and Meyer, 1997) comprised 18 items. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert university panel. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaires in pilot study. The reliability of sport volunteer motivations questionnaire and organizational commitment questionnaire were 0.912 and 0.917 respectively. Method of data analysis and research, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to used SPSS software package was helping. Because the distribution of variables weren't normal, the research hypothesizes were analyzed by Spearman correlation and Friedman test. The result showed that purposive factor was the most important motivation (4.02±0.57), and material factor was the least important volunteer motivation (3.02±0.75), and also normative commitment and continuance commitment were the most important and the least important volunteer commitment respectively. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between most of motivational and commitment factors (p<0.05). This study suggested that sport events managers to performed better recruitment and retention strategies must to pay attention to priority of motivational and organizational commitment factors, and to designed themselves activity to consideration of relationship between these factors.

The purpose of this study were the effect of mood and pre-anger competition on individual's elite athlete's self-confidence and achievement. Statistical population consist of (n=134) individual elite athletes in track and field athletes (n=14), challenging athletes (n=95), wrestling athletes (n=16) and boating athletes sports (n=9) that participated in superior league of Iran competition in 2010. In this research Spielberger State-Trait (1991), Anger Expression Inventory and Vealey sport-confidence inventory (1986) used to evaluation the level of athletes’ self-confidence. The level of athletes achievement analysis in terms of obtaining the Golden, silver and Bronze medals in former year tournaments. In order to analysis the data, After use of K-S (p³0.05) and convinced about data normality, the descriptive statistic, repeated measures (ANOVA), and Pearson coefficients in significance level of P£0.05 were use. The result showed significant difference in all angers sub-scales between successful athletes (F=4.23, sig£0.05) with less successful athletes (F=7.61, sig£0.05) and un-successful athletes (F=5.04, sig£0.05).Also in mood sub-scales there were significant difference in Depression (F=3.26, sig£0.05), Fatigue (F=4.19, sig£0.05) and Vigor (F=5.46, sig£0.05) but there were not significant difference in other sub-scales (P>0.05). The result of Pearson coefficients test showed negative and significant relation sheep between self-confidence with athletes anger (r=-0.21) and mood in individual athletes (r=-0.16).Coaches can also benefit from the findings of applied sports psychology in training session and assessment of mood in stressful athletes and convert it to positive mood, have significant role in improving athletes self-confidence and their effectiveness.

Body Composition is the term used for the distribution of fat, muscle, bone and body mass in human is an important factor in health and fitness, obesity reduces life expectancy and then Physical fitness is also one of the various aspects of physical education and means the different characteristics of an individual which causes his/her effectiveness and usefulness in environment. Flexibility is one of the physical fitness factors relevant to health which means stretch of muscles. (length of muscle fibers) to provide an area for joint range of motion is concerned with Pilates exercises developed by Joseph Pilates, which includes strength and stretching exercises focusing on breathing is high. Bara au sol includes some stretching exercises and strength training you is fins that are oriented horizontally. This research intends to compare two methods of training and Bara au sol and Pilates on some indices of body composition and flexibility in women 25-35 years non_athlet Samples were investi-gating 30 people, including 3 groups: 15 women (average age 29, height, weight 59.93 and 168.43) under 8 weeks of exercise training for 8 weeks Bara au sol and 15 women (average age 30.9, weight and height 59.93, 165) under 8 weeks of Pilates exercise and 10 women (mean age 31.3 weight and height 59.63, 162.3) as the control group were evaluated. K-S test to determine the normal distribution of data was used. Covariance test to determine the effect of the dependent variable, the effect of other variables may be troublesome to control. In covariance analysis, the variable is removed from disturbing and changing the time variable (covariate) can be removed using simple linear regression. The remaining variance is performed on the scores. T test to compare two different groups (training and Barre au sol and Pilates) on the dependent variables is used for assessing body composition from BMI-WER-% BF indicators is used to measure and to test the flexibility of using SIT & REACH have been corrected. Dependent variables are used. The results showed that Barre au sol exercises on flexibility and BF%, WHR, they had a significant effect on BMI, but were ineffective. Pilates plus exercises on flexibility and BF%, BMI had significant but positive influence on WHR had no significant effect. The influence of training method on all dependent variables was the same.