CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:11

It seems PTSD patients have difficulty in emotion regulation strategies and deal with difficult emotions. Emotional schema model as an integrated model may explain some of these features. The purpose of this study is scrutiny of emotional schema in PTSD patient. This research consisted of three groups; PTSD, non-PTSD and (normal) non-trauma. These three groups matched in gender and age variables. Assessment tools consisted of Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I disorder (DSM-IV (SCID-I), BDI-II, BAI, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), Impact of Event Questionnaire (IES-R). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA analysis and independent sample t-test. Results showed that participants with PTSD in comparison to other groups reported significantly elevated scores in maladaptive ESs (rumination, guilt, uncontrollable, blame) and lower scores in adaptive ESs (emotional self-awareness, acceptance, consensus, and comprehensibility). Also, PTSD group demonstrates significant elevated scores in BDI-II and BAI. These results highlight the clinical importance of targeting and reducing the use of ineffective emotional schema within the context of PTSD treatment, in addition to providing alternative adaptive emotional schemas.

The purpose of present study was to examine the effectiveness of positivism training on hope enhancement with regard to holly Qur’an and Islamic trainings among Sistan and Baluchestan education and training organization employees. The population of this research consisted of 300 employees that 50 of them were selected randomly as sample and were placed into two groups (25 employees for experimental group and 25 employees for control group). The research method was semi-experimental. The experimental group received 8 weekly 90-minute sessions of positivism training emphasizing holly Qur’an and Islamic issues and the control group did not receive any treatment. All subjects were assessed by Snyder’s hope (2002) questionnaire; before treatment and 2-month follow up stage. Data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that experimental group had enhancement in hope, in both post-test and follow up.

Perceived stress among prisoners can cause some psychological and physical problems, and cause positive attitudes toward drugs and tendency to drug use among them. This study aimed to decline perceived stress among drug-dependent prisoners and change their attitude toward drugs. This was a semi-experimental study conducted in a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. Statistical population of this study was prisoners of Rafsanjan prison that were treating with Methadone maintenance.30 prisoners were randomly selected and assigned for experimental and control groups randomly. For collecting data, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen, et al, 1983) and Attitude toward Drugs Questionnaire (Nazari, 2000) were used. Training program included 10 sessions and each session was 90 minutes. After sessions finished, post-test, and follow-up test were done after 2 months. The average of scores significantly decreased both post-test and follow-up in experimental group but no differences in control group. Accordingly, this study concluded that the recent intervention could effectively decrease perceived stress both in short- and long-term and also cause negative attitude toward drugs among them.

The aim of this study was to compare aggression and interpersonal problems in students with and without vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic traits. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 90 students was selected using Pathological Narcissistic Inventory. Aggression Questionare (AQ) and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using MANOVA. The results showed that students with narcissistic traits report more aggression and interpersonal problems except in verbal aggression. These results show that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism are different self-states of the same pathology and emphasize vulnerability symptoms in DSM criteria for NPD.

Interpersonal transgressions and suffering have an important role in the formation and persistence of psychological disorders. This study evaluates the effect of forgiveness group therapy on the symptoms of depression and rumination of dysthymic women according to the findings about the relationship between forgiveness of interpersonal transgressions in the past and reduction of depression symptoms. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a sample of 16 women. Subjects were selected from samples available in a psychiatric clinic. Subject selection was based on the entry criteria and psychiatric diagnosis. Patients were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In experimental group, the treatment based on forgiveness was held in 6 ninety-minute sessions (once a week). The control group did not receive the intervention. The research data were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire, Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale (TRIM-12) and Rumination about an Interpersonal Offense Scale (RIO).Covariance analysis was used to analyze data of this study. Evaluations after treatment showed that, forgiveness group therapy was significantly effective (alpha<0.05) in reducing depression symptom and rumination in dysthymic women. It is concluded from the findings of this study that forgiveness group therapy can benefit for reducing depression symptom and rumination.

Externalizing disorder refers to a group of behavioral and emotional problems in young people. Interventions and treatment are necessary for these children. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered playtherapy and filial therapy in reducingexternalizingproblems inchildren. To achieve this purpose, atfirst, using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (Eyberg, Ross, 1978) 300children who were7-8years of agewere tested and amongthosewith highscores, 12 children who obtained the highest score of externalizingscale of the child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001) were selectedas the sample group. Children were randomly assigned to intervention groups: child-centered play therapy and filial therapy. In child-centered play therapy group, each child participated in 16 sessions play therapy (each lasted 45 minutes) and in filial group, mothers received eight group sessions. In child-centered play therapy, mothers completed CBC Lagain at the end of forth, eighth, twelfth and sixteenth and in filial therapy, they did this at the end of second, fourth, sixth and eighth sessions. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant difference between play therapy and filial therapy in decreasing externalizing problems and filial therapy was more effective. Then, filial therapy can be considered suitable alternative for child-centered play therapy that reduces child’s problems in shorter time and thereby increases the effectivenessof treatment.

Since, nowadays, obesity and overweight are main problems of modern societies and there is a contradiction on the prevention and treatment of obesity, this study aimed to study the effect of cognitive behavior therapy on Weight Efficacy of Life style. The method used for this study was semi-experimental using pre-test, post-test with the control group. The sample consisted of all students of Bu-Ali Sina University. Sampling was done via available sampling. Data were collected using Weight-Efficacy of Life style. Result of multivariate covariance analyze indicated that weight efficacy of life in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. Cognitive behavior therapy can increase weight efficacy of life style. It is suggested that using cognitive behavior therapy for decrease overweight and its outcome be used counselling center to help them.

Meta-cognitive therapy is an emerging treatment of supposedly effective component of psychopathology that reduces rumination. The present study is an attempt to consider effectiveness of this therapy to improve suicidal ideation at depressive patient. This research performed as quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. Among patients with depression referred to a psychiatric clinic in Tabriz, 30 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: intervention and control. Data collected with Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. We used pair T-test for comparing mean scale in two groups. Significant level in this study was 0.05.Mean score of beck scale in pretest and post-test were 18.8±3.8 and 18.4±2.5 in control group and 18.5±4.4 and 14.7±2.2 in experimental group. The results showed that meta-cognitive therapy has a significant impact on improving suicidal ideation at depressive patient (p=0.0001).The results show that meta-cognitive therapy focusing on rumination can be effective on treating suicidal ideation at depressive patient.

The present research aims to investigate the efficacy of self-awareness training on reduction of internet addiction and loneliness and increase self-efficacy the girl students attending in high schools located in the education administration of Mahshahr at academic year of 2013-2104. The sample size consisted of 50 subjects (25 people assigned to experimental group and 25 people treated as control). They were selected through randomized multistage sampling out of the whole statistical population. The tools used include Sevari’s internet addiction questionnaire (2013), Russel, Peplau & Cutrona loneliness questionnaire (1980) & the self-efficacy scale of Sherer et al (1982). The method was semi-empirical and was conducted as pretest-posttest with control group. The experimental group received a training program for 10 sessions, 90 minutes each (a session in a week). The results from multivariate variance analysis and one way variance analysis showed that self–awareness skills training was effective on decreasing internet addiction and loneliness & increase the students’ self-efficacy. The present research showed that and self-awareness skills training can reduce internet addiction and loneliness & increase the students’ self- efficacy.