COUNSELING CULTURE AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:7

A review of recent articles and studies reveals that most of these researches focus on examining the nature and cure of varied disorders. The postmodern movement creates alternative approaches in the field of therapy and education with new directions for help. The paradigm shift from a reductionist, problem-oriented approach toward nurturing strengths. Resiliency and resilience with aim of explaining personal and interpersonal abilities which can help the individuals to gain solidarity after disintegration, is one of these approaches.The target population consisted of all volunteer addicts in treatment centers of Tehran which were assigned by random cluster sampling into two experimental (Adlerian therapy and positive psychotherapy) and one control group. Each group contained 15 individuals.The result of this research showed that positive psychotherapy and Adlerian group therapy are effective in promotion of resiliency in drug dependents. According to hypotheses of this study, interventions based on positive psychotherapy and Adlerian group therapy promotes their resiliency but there was no sign of positive improvement in control group.

The purpose of this research was to study predicting factors of post-divorce adjustment among divorced women in Isfahan. The research was a correlation study and statistical population was selected from all divorced women in Isfahan in 1388 that had no remarriage. The Participants consisted of 100 divorced women from Behzisty's organization centers and Komite Emdad Emam in Isfahan that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and according to the research purpose and hypotheses. The Research hypothesis includes: there is a relationship between psychological factors (attachment styles, personality characteristics, mental health) and demographic characteristics with post-divorce adjustment. The research instruments were Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale, Adult Attachment Inventory, Five Factor Inventory (short form), SCL 90 questionnaire, and demographic characteristics which were made by the researcher. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and step by step regression analysis.The results of the study demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between attachment styles, personality characteristics (neuroticism, extroversion), mental health (depression) and post-divorce adjustment (P<0.01). Also there was a significant relationship between demographic characteristics (age, income) and post-divorce adjustment (P<0.05). Thus, it is true to say psychological factors and demographic characteristics can predict post-divorce adjustment of divorced women in Isfahan.

This research was conducted to study the spiritual ontology of human from Rumi's perspective in Masnavi-I Ma' navi. Spirit as a human being regardless of his being can not be assumed. On the other hand, Masnavi-I Ma' navi can be called human spiritual ontology which is full of talks about human existence. Rumi is also an intellectual ontologist and holistic scientist who criticized about reduction approaches of human existence.The researcher through a library search and looking up in Masnavi-I Ma' nav' si using Jafari's Kashfo-al-abyat, extracted the related spiritual ontology verses and categorized them into five categories.In this study, Rumi's views on oneness, holism, death, dialectical awareness, dynamism, renovation and attraction as basis of human existence were discussed from psychological perspective. On study of Rumi's poems in "Parrot and Merchant" story and in six volumes of "Masnavi" the human being is introduced as a united whole who is constantly changing. Ontology is based on paradoxes and death is not the end but a change from one state to another. The acting force in life is attraction and is the force that leads us to we are and what we want.In Rumi's spiritual ontology oneness, holism, death, dialectical awareness, dynamism, renovation and attraction are all included. Looking to these basics from Psychological perspective, one can come up with foundations for native epistemology and ontology for psychology and mental health system based on original Persian – Islamic sources.

Metacognition is one of the highest level cognitive processes which have positive association with other cognitive function. On the other hand, it is considered as one of the basic factor in most psychopathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate any possible inhibitory or facilitator role of metacognitive components of worry.In this correlation study, first, 318 high school students were chosen by cluster sampling method from 6 educational regions of Tehran. Then, they were asked to fill in the following questionnaires: Wells & Cartwright – Hatton metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (2004), O' nell & Abedi metacognitive State questionnaire (1996) and Meyer et al worry questionnaire (1990).Separate sets of correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that there was a positive correlation between metacognitive beliefs and worry. On the other hand, there was a negative relationship between metacognitive state and worry. Four metacognitive components (uncontrollability, self- monitoring, need to control and cognitive competence) predict %46 of variance of worry. It was also shown that uncontrollability, need to control and cognitive competence were positively correlated with worry, whilst self- monitoring was negatively correlated with worry. According to the findings of the present study, metacognitive beliefs and metacognitive state are both associated with worry in a different way.However, manipulation of metacognitive components using interventional training would reduce and control worry in worriers.

The present research was conducted to develop instructional programs of Islamic morals & existential consciousness enhancement & compare their effectiveness on life satisfaction improvement. First of all, for formulating existential program, different texts were monitored and common concepts among existential theoreticians specially May, Yalom & Frankle were chosen as a basis of the work. Corry’s pattern of existential psychotherapy (2005c) was used for various stages of the program.For formulating Islamic morals program, the researcher used jame olsaadat by Naraghy (because of its relatively integrated theory & systematic structure), Javady e Amoly& Motahharys’ ideas. The pattern for stages of this program is derived from change stages in Systems of Psychotherapy by Prochaska & Norcross (1994). The participants (45 students from Allameh Tabatabai University, the Faculty of psychology and education) randomly divided into 3 groups: existential, moral & control group. While experimental groups were given their instructional programs (Islamic morals and existential programs), no intervention was used for the control group. The methodology of this research was experimental. Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS, Diener et al., 1985, with reliability 0/88 in Iran.) was used to measure life satisfaction. The results demonstrate that Islamic morals consciousness enhancement program improved life satisfaction but existential consciousness enhancement program was not effective. There was not any meaningful difference between experimental and Islamic morals group.

The purpose of present study was to compare university student's general health with their academic achievement based on the degree of their loneliness. For this purpose, 214 university students (104 boys and 110 girls) were selected with random cluster sampling. The research instruments were loneliness scale and general health questionnaire. The Results showed that there is a significant difference between general health and academic achievement with consideration of the degree of loneliness. Participants with low and intermediate degree of loneliness had higher general health than participants with high degree of loneliness. Participants with intermediate degree of loneliness had higher general health than participants with high degree of loneliness. There was also a significant difference between somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression' s mean based on the degree of loneliness.

One of the important centers for providing and training proficient, specialized manpower is universities. Having competent and skilled manpower is necessary for each country's industrial growth and development. Therefore, it could be said that universities play a significant role in developing process of the country, provided that in addition to theoretical subjects, and emphasis to be also made on applied sciences and education, another words universities shall become entrepreneur. Students who are educated in such universities, with clear and positive minds could use the opportunity to search and discover unknowns and new ideas and by synthesizing and analyzing different variables and depending on their own personal abilities find new ideas that can be helpful to themselves and to others. So, in order to achieve this aim and establish stronger relation between university and industry, it is recommended that universities should: - reform and revise their syllabizes - establish guidance and vocational counseling centers - based on a certain conditions, dedicate a quota for the yearly admission to those working industrial establishment.