JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION MANAGEMENT (JHPM)
Year:2015 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units is one of the health challenges in recent decades. Lack of nosocomial infection control by nurses is one of the health behaviors problems. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with nosocomial infection control behavior of nurses working in nursery & NICU based on «Health Belief Model”.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study with model testing design, was conducted on 103 nurses working in neonatal and NICU in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals via census. Data collection tools included 4 questionnaires: “Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire”, “Measuring Health Belief Model Structures Questionnaire”, “General Self-Efficacy Scale” and “Self-report Questionnaire of Nurses'' Infection Control Performance”. Content validity and reliability of scales was assessed through calculating internal consistency and test-retest. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/19 software.Findings: Perceived intensity (86%) and sensitivity (87%) of the hospital infection among nurses reported well. Most perceived barriers (66%) in infection control were related to insufficient knowledge, skill and time. In addition, major preserved benefits (88%) were related to health benefits of nurses and family members and recovery of patients. Self-efficacy (54.4%) and Nurses'' Infection Control Performance (60.1%), were evaluated poor. The most important affecting variable on probability of infection control behavior was perceived severity (70%).Conclusion: Perceived severity as the most important variable which can impact the infection control behavior has a strong cognitive component which is knowledge dependent. According to health belief model, establishing educational programs in line with the perceived severity and stress on the negative consequences in preventing the infection control behavior is suggested.

Introduction: Over past years water pipe smoking have been increased among teenagers in the world. Hence, implementing an intervention plan to reduce water pipe smoking is required. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention on water pipe behaviour of students in dormitories of Kerman Medical University based on BASNEF Model.Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. In total 80 students who were resident in university’s dormitories and were eligible to enter to the study were divided in two groups of intervention and control using multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using “Water Pipe Behavioural Intention Scale” which was designed according to BASNEF Model. Face and content validity were used to determine the validity, while test-retest method was applied to measure the reliability of the questionnaire (r = 0.99). Two-month educational intervention included two sessions of group discussion, one reminder session, educational compact disc and educational messages. To analyze the data SPSS/16 was used.Findings: The mean scores of attitude (P=0.66), subjective norms (P=0.103) and behavioural intention (P=0.13) showed no significant difference before the education in both intervention and control groups. However, the result showed compelling difference in mean scores of attitude, subjective norms and behavioural intention after the education (P<0.001). Enabling factors showed no important variation among intervention and control groups before and after the experiment.Conclusion: The educational intervention according the BASNEF Model was effective to decrease water pipe smoking behaviour among university students. In addition, the educational intervention influenced individuals’ attitude, subjective norms and behavioural intention. It is recommended to perform educational interventions based on the theory and models of health education to change high-risk behaviour.

Introduction: Career ladder is a grading structure which facilitates career progression for clinical nurses. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of implementing career ladder programs in nursing.Materials & Methods: In a systematic review, all papers published during (1994-2014) regarding career ladder programs in nursing were included. The electronic databases including: Medline, Elsevier, Proquest, Google scholar, Pub Med, Ovid, Science Direct and Nursing consult were searched using the terms: Clinical Ladder, Career Ladder, and Nursing. Also “Data Extraction form” which developed based on research aim, was used for data collection, from 40 related papers and research projects, 17 articles were excluded due to lack of inclusion criteria. Finally, 23 papers and research projects were included in this study.Findings: Implementing career ladder programs resulted in enhancing experienced nurses’ retention, reducing turnover, increasing job satisfaction, decreasing the costs of new employee replacement and improvement of learning environment in clinical settings.Conclusion: Evidence supports the advantages and benefits of implementing in nursing career ladder. However most of their results of these papers one or two outcomes such as job satisfaction and intent to stay on clinical environment. Further research is recommended on career ladder consequences of implementing in nursing.

Introduction: Care of patients with Alzheimer's disease is the most difficult and most challenging type of care and leads to reduced quality of life of caregivers. This research aimed to determine the effect of group spiritual care on quality of life in family caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's disease.Materials & Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study. 100 caregivers were selected by convenience sampling then by using a randomized permuted block method was divided into 3 intervention and control groups. Data was collected before and after the intervention by demographic questionnaire and “Caregiver Quality of Life Scale”. Content and face validity were determined and approved by 12 experts, and reliability was evaluated 0.78 by test retest within 15 days. Spiritual group care was performed on the intervention group in 5 weekly sessions of 45-60-minutes. Control group 1 took part in the group sessions without any particular interventions performed, and control group 2 received no interventions at all. Data was analyzed by SPSS/16.Findings: The results obtained for the three groups showed a significant increase in the mean post-test (69.83±3.59) quality of life in the caregivers in the intervention group compared to the mean pre-test (41.33±11.13) score (P<0.001). The ANCOVA showed a significant change in quality of life caused by the intervention.Conclusion: Spiritual care has the potential to improve quality of life in family caregivers of the elderly with Alzheimer's, therefore, it is recommended to be used on the caregivers of these patients.

Introduction: Promotion of management index in health system is so important. Organizational silence and knowledge management can enhance the performance of the hospitals. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between organizational silence and knowledge management in Firoozgar Hospital Tehran.Materials & Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlation which was conducted in Firoozgar hospital. This study was conducted on 169 nursing, administrative and financial staffs of Firoozgar hospital who were selected by stratified sampling. The data were collected by questionnaire of “Dimitris Buratas Maria Vakula” for organizational silence and questionnaire of “Josef Haddad” for knowledge management. Content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by distribution between 5 employees. The reliability by Cronbach's alpha method were approved for silence organization with 0.83 and knowledge management with 0.92. Data were analyzed by SPSS/17.Findings: There was a significant and positive correlation between organizational silence and four components of knowledge management in Firoozgar hospital of Tehran (P<0.001). In addition, the results showed the mean score of 22.11 for knowledge, 22.49 for knowledge creation, 16.57 for deployment of knowledge and 14.55 for knowledge sharing. As for organizational silence and knowledge management, mean scores of 27.24 and 75.72 were recorded respectively.Conclusion: Due to a positive correlation between organizational silence and knowledge management in Firoozgar Hospital, educational courses for employees to develop their decision-making skills to resolve organization problems is suggested.

Introduction: During the tournament the control of player’s anxiety is one of the success factors of teams. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biofeedback and relaxation training on state-competitive anxiety among football players.Materials & Methods: This research was done in quasi experimental and pre- posttest with available sampling. In this research 18 university soccer players between the ranges of 19 to 26 years participated. Subjects were divided randomly in three groups of biofeedback heart rate changing, relaxation training and combination of the two methods (n=6 per group). Prior and later training the “Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 “ was completed by sample and results were analyzed using SPSS/20.Findings: It was shown that there was significant decrease in cognitive anxiety and there was an important rise in somatic anxiety among all three groups. Also there was a compelling difference between relaxation and mixed group, however there was no significant difference in cognitive and somatic anxiety among groups.Conclusion: The three methods reduced the cognitive anxiety and the self-confidence and increased the physical anxiety. Future research could focus on longer training sessions (more than 7 sessions).

Introduction: Psychological well-being is affected by many factors which are varied in individual people. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship of psychological well-being with religiosity attitude, self-esteem and psychological hardiness by Equation Structural Modelling among students of Islamic Azad and public universities in Shahrekord.Material & Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, samples were selected through random stratified sampling method (206 cases in Islamic Azad University and 169 cases in public university of Shahrekord) between 2014 and2015. Four valid and reliable questionnaires such as, “Cooper Smith’s Self-esteem Inventory”, “Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory”, “Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory”, and “Religious Attitude Scale” were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by structural equation modelling with SPSS22 and AMOS18.Findings: According to structural equation modelling, there was a positive and significance relationship between all variables (Religious attitude, Self-esteem, Psychological hardiness and Psychological well-being). In summary, 56% of psychological hardiness (by religiosity and self-esteem) and 69% of psychological well-being were explained by psychological hardiness. In addition, it is clear that the developed model had a suitable goodness-of-fit (RMSEA=0.05, CFI=0.965).Conclusion: The religiosity attitude as a main factor affects self-esteem and psychological hardiness. Therefore, an interventional programs relating to psychological well-being and hardiness, which considers religion attitude and self-esteem is necessary.

Introduction: Diabetes is a disease that has a great effect on physical, psychological and social conditions of patients. Taking a good control of the disease is one of the main objectives of therapeutic intervention that should extensively be studied. The present study aimed to examine the experience of diabetic patients and health team of diabetes control.Materials & Methods: The present qualitative study has used conventional qualitative content analysis method. Participations were consisted of 12 diabetic patients, 3 nurses and 4 physicians who were selected purposefully from 5 private and public health centers in Isfahan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method.Findings: The findings of the study were categorized in two main concepts; “weakness in facing the illness” and “overcoming the disease” and six subcategories including fear of sever untreated side effect, sever negative feelings, persistent stress, force to follow therapeutic limits, overcoming negative psychological reactions, and internalizing educational contents.Conclusion: Some patients might not only lose their self-confidence, but also they might lose their control. Favorable experience occurred when some of the patients had successfully overcame the disease threats and adjusted to their disease situations through adhering the treatment regimen and adopting the healthy lifestyle and healthy behaviors. Therefore, it is suggested that these patients be assisted by the health team and community members to have optimal control of their disease condition.