QUALITY AND DURABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FOOD STUFFS
Year:2022 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

In order to investigate the possibility of replacing antibiotics with a mixture of several plant extracts (Immunopropophyte), an experiment using 300 Ross 308 broilers in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications and 25 broilers per replication was performed for 42 days. Experimental diets were: basal diet, basal diet containing 0. 02% of the antibiotic virginiamycin, and diets containing 0. 1% of watersoluble immunopropophyte solution. The results showed that the difference in body weight and conversion ratio between the experimental groups in the periods of 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days was significant so that the use of antibiotics and immunopropophytes improved these parameters compared to the control group (P<0. 05). Feed intake did not show a significant difference between experimental treatments. Stimulation of the immune system by the treatments was evaluated in two stages and it was found that the antibody titer against SRBC and Newcastle in the treatments with antibiotics and immunopropophytes were higher than the control treatment (P<0. 05). The use of antibiotics and immunopropophytes caused a significant reduction in abdominal fat compared to the control treatment (P<0. 05). Immunopropophyte significantly decreased the bacterial population of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the ileocaecal part of broilers’ intestine (P<0. 05). The results of this study showed that immunopropophytes can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in the diet of broilers without adversely affecting performance.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes 10 to 15% of nosocomial infections. The presence of virulence genes is one of the most important invasive mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this issue is of special medical importance. The expression of many Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic genes is controlled by a gene system called the Quorum Sensing (QS) system. Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication system using small molecules in single-celled organisms. The present review study was obtained with the help of articles indexed in Magiran and SID Persian scientific databases and Scopus, Google scholar, Ebscohost and Science Direct English databases. The QS system genes are highly abundant among humanderived Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. It is also known as an infectious bacterium with high antibiotic resistance. The results showed that medicinal plants in different dilutions inhibit quorum sensing and biofilm in bacteria.

Zinc phosphide is a rodenticide that is commonly available as a grey-black powder and is widely used due to its low cost and high availability. This rodenticide may be consumed deliberately, unintentionally, for suicide purposes, or other purposes. We report the case of a 38-year-old man, who committed suicide by consuming almost 100 grams of zinc phosphide rodenticide and experienced reduced consciousness and cyanosis. The early symptoms of cyanosis included nausea, vomiting, headache, vertigo, numbness, weakness, blurry vision, epigastric abdominal pain, and pain in the upper and right abdominal sections. The patient also had no history of diabetes mellitus, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, hepatitis, tuberculosis, minor thalassemia, and mental diseases. Zinc phosphide is a life-threatening poison with no specific antidote. Besides, phosphide poisoning including zinc phosphide poisoning must be considered in young patients suffering from sudden hypotension and metabolic acidosis, while abdominal radiography contributes to the early diagnosis of the disease. Finally, rapid recovery and treatment may save the patient’ s life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L. extracts on Salmonella typhimurium isolated from poultry in Zabol. The P. farcta and D. stramonium were collected from the collection of medicinal plants, Institute of Agricultural Research at the University of Zabol. Strains of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated from poultry droppings. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by the Kirby Bauer method. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration of Datura extract against Salmonella typhimurium was 3. 1 ppm; while the minimum inhibitory concentration for Prosopis extract was 6. 5 ppm. Also, the minimum bactericidal concentration of Datura extract was 6. 25 and Prosopis extract was 12. 5. The results of this study showed that Datura extract was more effective in inhibiting Salmonella bacteria than Prosopis extract. Evaluation of Pearson correlation coefficient between total phenol content, total flavonoids and MIC, and MBC showed an inverse relationship between these parameters. So that the Datura extract, which contained higher total phenol, and total flavonoid, had lower MIC and MBC and therefore was more effective in inhibiting bacteria. The results of our experiments showed that Datura and Prosopis extracts have good antimicrobial effects and can be used to treat infections caused by Salmonella typhimurium in poultry.

Surfactants have received much attention as amphipathic compounds due to their widespread use. The production of surfactants by microorganisms (biosurfactants) has advantages such as toxicity less than chemical methods. Due to its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, the use of biosurfactants in food preservation can be very valuable. In this study, a review, as well as a bibliometric analysis of the use of biosurfactants in food storage, has been performed. Documents were collected from the Scopus database and then analyzed using VOSviewer software. Examining the documents, it was found that only 15 documents have been published in this regard. The share of immunology and microbiology is higher than other fields, and India has published the most documents in this database with 6 documents. The small number of documents and the lack of documents such as conference papers and book chapters can indicate the lack of research done despite the great importance of the subject matter.

The effect of different concentrations of three types of gas mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), as well as vacuum condition with clove (Syzygium Aromaticum L. ) essential oil, and ordinary condition as control and also three kinds of flexible multilayer films for extending the shelf life of chili pepper in refrigerator conditions (4° C) were studied. Ordinary conditions as control packaging, were compared with four types of modified atmosphere packaging 1) 20% N2 + 80% CO2, 2) 80% N2+20% CO2, 3)%48 CO2+48% N2 +4% O2, and 4) under vacuum, along with injection of clove essential oil (1. 5% WE/WS). Samples were packaged in different flexible multi-layer pouches with no permeability of oxygen, PET12/AL7/OPP20/LLD65, PET12 /AL7/PET 12/LLD 80 and OPP20/AL7/ OPP20/LLD 65. Experiments were performed on samples as follows microbial test (aerobic count, mold and yeast count), chemical pH test and sensory evaluation at different times during 28 days. The results were analyzed in a completely randomized design using SPSS statistical software (Ver: 26) and Duncan’ s multiple range test method, with a confidence level of 95% (P <0. 05). The best storage conditions belonged to the samples in the 4-layer container (116μ ) under gas composition 80% CO2 containing clove essential oil which were prolonged the shelf life of chili pepper up to 28 days and also had a favorable effect on the amount of pH, and sensory properties (texture, odor, appearance, taste and color) of samples, due to high antimicrobial properties of these factors were evaluated.