QUALITY AND DURABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND FOOD STUFFS
Year:2022 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

Prevalence of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants can threaten crop productions. Pistachio as a strategic crop plays an important role among Iran's export items. Today, increasing stresses, especially salinity stress, have many destructive effects. The use of growth stimulants, especially algae, can play an effective role in reducing the negative effects of such stresses. In this regard, this factorial study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor includes six treatments: control (cont), beta-carotene 1 mM (A), vitamin E 1 mM (E), beta-carotene and vitamin E (AE), spirulina microalgae extract 0. 5% (SP), The mixture of beta-carotene, vitamin E and spirulina (ALL) and the second factor includes two salinity levels: control (S1) and 10 dS/m (S2). The results showed that the effect of salinity on proline, protein, catalase and peroxidase was significant. Salinity stress significantly increased the peroxidase activity in all treatments except beta-carotene and vitamin E. Also, A and E treatments significantly increased the catalase activity. Comparing to control plants, Increase in proline content in all treatments was observed at zero salinity. A significant increase in proline was observed in beta-carotene treatment at high salinity and in other cases it was not significant, which can be considered as the best compound for foliar application of pistachio seedlings under salinity stress.

Egg is considered as natural life supporting essential compounds source which provides nutritious food with biological packaging. Nowadays, due to the increasing level of awareness, the sensory and nutritional quality of eggs is becoming a growing concern for consumers. So, there is a growing demand for eggs with characteristics and effectiveness beyond a common food, including eggs enriched in nutrients such as trace minerals (selenium, iron, zinc, iodin, copper, etc. ), vitamins (water and fat soluble), antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids). The acheivement to this purpose is simply possible and economic through dietary approaches producind the designer eggs, resulting eggs can offer functions above and beyond that they usally provide. Designer eggs provide new and attractive options for consumers who want eggs with different nutritional properties than regular eggs. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide various nutritional approaches in the breeding and management of laying hens for the production of eggs designed, including various forms of mineral and organic supplements containing trace elements, vitamins and pigments, daily requirements and amounts provided by enriched eggs were evaluated for their specific biological role, as well as the toxicity effects of the interaction of some supplements at different levels used. Although it has been found that it is easy to hope for the production of enriched eggs through nutritional approaches, but proving the health claims of these designer eggs in human models requires attention to combine and adapt them in different populations and perform specialized experiments.

Aflatoxins are low molecular weight compounds that are produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and are dangerous to vertebrates and other animals in very low concentrations. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that are produced by three groups of Aspergillus fungi. Aflatoxins G1, G2, B2, B1 are the four most important types of aflatoxins. The results of the study showed that Iranian rice and pistachios except for milk and dairy products are exposed to aflatoxin. Different methods are used to eliminate them. The study of studies conducted in Iran shows that the most attention among dairy products is focused on pasteurized milk and then sterilized milk and the rest of the products have a small share in the studies. In most studies, the contamination was higher than the standard of the European Union and the National Standards Organization of Iran; Therefore, the health of consumers, especially children, is at risk.

Shigellosis or basil bloody diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age, especially in developing countries such as Iran. The cause of this diarrhea is a bacterium of the genus Shigella, which has 4 species. Shigella Due to the low infectious dose (10-100 bacteria) and high side effects, the increase in antibioticresistant strains is significant. These bacteria are transmitted to humans through eating contaminated food and drinking. Antibiotic treatment of Shigella infection plays a key role in reducing prevalence and mortality. Curcumin is a pigment extracted from turmeric that is widely used in the food industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Shigella as a food poisoning agent and the effect of Curcumin on Shigella food poisoning. The present study is a review research. Research has shown that the effective dilutions of Curcumin on Shigella are between 0. 5 and 512 μ g / ml. Due to the fact that Curcumin is widely used as a food, it can be used as a drug in clinical Conditions.

The amount of water required by the plant is an important factor in the growth of soybeans and has a significant effect on its yield. The amount of soil moisture for optimal growth of each plant should have an optimal level that getting more or less than this optimal level, plant growth decreases and soybean yield is affected by the total number of pods per shrub, the number of seeds per pod and the weight of each seed To investigate the effect of drought stress on physiological traits of soybeans; Drought stress reported a significant reduction in the amount of the photosynthesis and grain yield Increasing irrigation and rain water consumption efficiency is affected by the correct application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen. In addition, nitrogen deficiency after water shortage is the most important factor in reducing crop production, especially cereals. Among the yield components, the number of pods per node was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer, so that by increasing the amount of nitrogen, the number of pods per node was increased. In general, optimizing water and fertilizer consumption in crops, especially oilseeds, can increase agricultural production as well as save water resources.

Quality food preservation, and paying attention to global developments with the aim of increasing transnational cooperation between producing countries, improves supply in the world market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of maintaining the quality of olive export product and solutions to meet the supply challenge in the global market. The implementation method is descriptive and based on survey. Therefore, according to the conceptual model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared in the form of 4 factors and 40 indicators. This questionnaire has been distributed in the statistical population of 50 companies in the field of olive export in Tehran and Rudbar. The results through AHP method and combining coefficients, and pairwise comparison of factors show that the factor of "health, hygiene and environment" and its indicators have the most important role in the quality of exported olives and in the global market supply. After that, "public and private sector policy" is an important factor. Also, a coherent strategy between producers and exporters in global marketing, alignment of supervisory boards, and the creation of a scalable database by regional brands, and the provision of quality information and the authenticity of olive oil have played an important role in the global market supply.