Journal of Knowledge & Health in Basic Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:16 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Introduction: Various challenges of aboveground waste bins including the overflow caused by the few numbers of reservoirs, visual pollution, incompatibility of the bins with the urban furniture, vulnerability of the bins to corrosion and fire, and the residents’ dissatisfaction led to creation of underground collection systems. This study aimed to determine the technical requirements and the implementation costs of underground systems for the collection of household wastes in Karaj. Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical study investigating the waste collection systems of Karaj for six months. The research goal is to analyze and compare the current aboveground waste collection system of Chahrbandi Boulevard in Mehrshahr (Karaj) with the underground collection system in terms of the technical and economic aspects. The research stages include the following: referring to the urban service department of Karaj municipality to get the information of the bins located in Chahrbandi Boulevard, designing the underground waste collection system for Chahrbandi Boulevard, estimating the operational costs of the underground waste collection system, and comparing the current (aboveground) system with the underground system in terms of technical aspects. Results: According to the results, in the aboveground waste collection system, the total costs of the initial investment are equal to 1772298000 Tomans, and the total costs of the ten-year operation period are equal to 5156406506 Tomans. In the underground waste collection system, the total costs of the initial investment are equal to 1267236800 Tomans, and the total costs of the ten-year operation period are equal to 4095305226 Tomans. Conclusion: The cost analysis suggests that both the initial investment cost and the ten-year operation cost of the underground waste collection system are lower than those of the aboveground system. Therefore, it is recommended to change the solid wastes collection system of Karaj city to underground one.

Introduction: The study of life and the detection of gene functions is an important issue in biological science. Multiple sequences alignment methods measure the similarity of DNA sequences. Nonetheless, when the size of genome sequences is increased, we encounter with the lack of memory and increasing the run time. Therefore, a fast method with a suitable accuracy for genome alignment has a significant impact on the analysis of long sequences. Methods: We introduce a new method in which, it first divides each sequence into short sequences. Then, it uses evolutionary algorithms to align the sequences. Results: The proposed method has been evaluated in seven datasets with different number of nucleotides per DNA sequence (18, 000 to 14 million) and compared to five popular multiple sequences alignment methods. The highest accuracy for the variola bacterium dataset is 93% and the highest alignment rate is 0. 6 per minute for this bacterium. Conclusion: Most multiple alignment methods in short sequences or datasets with only a few sequences have good accuracy while require high computational time for longer sequences. The proposed algorithm overcomes this drawback by aligning long sequences in an acceptable time and maintaining accuracy as well as optimal memory usage.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative complication in which dopaminergic neurons located in substrantia nigra are gradually lost. Currently, the combined therapy strategies received more attentions as potential therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of exosomes released from SH-Sy5y cells and liposomal L-dopa drug on Parkinson's rat models. Methods: Twenty five male Wistar albino rats, in 5 groups, were included in this study. Parkinson's rat models were induced through microinjection of 6-OHDA (2. 5 mg/mL) into the right substrantia nigra. The exosomes released from SH-Sy5y cell line were isolated and administrated alone or in combination with liposomal L-Dopa to the defined model groups. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by behavioral testing, histological studies and expression changes of bdnf and dat genes by real-time PCR. Results: The rats in groups received the combined liposomal L-Dopa and exosome treatment and liposomal L-Dopa alone showed a significant improvement in their movement abilities. Also, in the models treated with both exosomes and liposomal L-Dopa drug, a significant increase in the expression level of Bdnf and Dat genes was observed, while the increase in expression observed in separate treatments was not statistically significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the use of L-Dopa with exosomes of SH-Sy5y cells had positive synergistic effects on increasing the expression of Bdnf and Dat genes and induced differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons and thus increased their population and survival is in the area.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a set of abnormal metabolic factors that put people at greater risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoporosis, cancer and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of portulaca enriched bread on diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial was performed on 104 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received daily portion of bread enriched with portulaca (10%) and the control group received bread without portulaca oleracea to evaluate the effect of the intervention, the difference between the mean before and after these indices in the two groups was performed using paired t-test. Results: The mean age of participants was 53. 6. 6. 5 years and the age range of participants were between 33 and 63 years. Men (51%) were 53 and women (49%) were 51 subjects. 56 (53%) participants had a mean age of 2 years of diabetes, 56 (53. 8%) participants were high school literate and 49. 8% were illiterate. The results showed that before the intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean of the studied variables except diastolic blood pressure (P <0. 01) in other cases including (fasting blood sugar, waist, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL). Not observed between the two groups (P <0. 05). Comparison of mean differences showed that in terms of FBS and total cholesterol, LDL, BPS after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The results showed that the consumption of bread enriched with portulaca oleracea, was able to reduce the components associated with metabolic syndrome and improved HDL cholesterol.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders and job stress are one of the most important concerns of staffs in organizations and specifically hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the musculoskeletal disorder risk in the nurses with the QEC method and its relation with job stress. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study that was cross-sectional in terms of time; 218 nurses were studied in two of Isfahan city hospital. Collecting data done using demographic, Nordic questionnaires and HSE job Stress questionnaire and ergonomic factors risk assessment among nurses using QEC method. The SPSS 21 statistical software, the Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests and one-way ANOVA were used for analyzing data. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was obtained 83. 93% among nurses, 58. 78% of nurses were at high risk level and 32. 45% were at moderate risk level of suffering to disorders and 63. 38% of them had high job stress. The final score of QEC had a significant and indirect relationship with job stress. Conclusion: With the increase of QEC score, stress score decreased, which means adverse condition and stressful nurses in addition to the Ergonomics corrective actions be done than faster; the applications of appropriate interventions to enhance the awareness of nurses in order to achieve solutions optimally formulated and implemented to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders and job stress.

Introduction: Myocardial Infarction is one of greatest cause of death in the worldwide. Exercise and Physical activity can reduce the myocardail infarction induced phatologic hyperthrophy and dysfunction, and it is a treatment intervention after MI. The mechanism of exercise-induced benefits and angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease remains poorly defined. This study was designed to compare the effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continious training on telocytes and some of angiogenic factors in rats with myocardial infarction. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 grams were assigned into four groups: Two experimental group run 42 minutes on a treadmill, five days per week for eight weeks; HIIT (each interval four minutes with intensity of 85-90 and three minutes of active recovery with 40% VO2max) and MICT (runing with intensity 60-65% V02max ), the control group (without training intervention) and Sham (surgery control). The expression of protein expression of vWF was investigated by Western Blotting test. To investigate protein expression of CD34, VEGF and eNOS used immunohistochemical tecnique. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26) with one way ANOVA (p ≤ 0. 05). Results: The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between the four groups of sham, control, HIIT and MICT in Vimentin index (P < 0. 0001), c-Kit (P < 0. 0001), PDGFRβ (P < 0. 0001) and CD34 (P < 0. 0001). The markers of thelocyte are more expressed in HIIT than MICT and control groups. The expression of protein of VEGF index (F = 97. 05, P <0. 0001), eNOS (F = 138. 9, P < 0. 0001) was significantly different between the groups. Angiogenic factors increased HIIT and MICT, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. vWF index also increased as a result of HIIT, vWF(P <0. 005). Conclusion: It is concluded that both HIIT and MICT can help improve myocardial infarction by increasing angiogenesis and blood flow, but HIIT seems to be more effective in this regard.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to fabricate nanoliposomes containing Silybum marianum extract and evaluating effect of its toxicity on SAOS-2 cancer cell line and evaluating effect of the toxicity of free extract and empty liposomes on HFF cell line. Methods: Three liposomal systems containing extract with different molar percentages of soybean phosphatidylcholine(60% and 80%) with cholesterol were prepared by thin film. Then the most suitable formulation was selected according to the loading percentage and release rate. The release pattern of the extract from the selected formulation was evaluated and the size, and surface charge of the particles were investigated. Finally, the toxicity of the selected system containing the extract, and the free extract and the system without the extract on the SAOS-2 cell line, and the toxicity of the free extract and the essential oil-free system on the HFF cell line were measured. Results: amount of extract loading in the selected formulation, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential for the selected formulation were 84. 16 ± 0. 15, 98nm, 0. 286 and-17. 2mV, respectively. The release of the extract is slow at temperatures similar to those of healthy and cancer cells. Also, liposome extract had more toxicity on SAOS-2 cell line than free extract, and liposome-free extract and free extract had less toxicity on HFF cell line. Conclusion: Based on the results, the liposomal system containing the extract, with its physicochemical properties and appropriate toxicity on the SAOS-2 cell line, can be a suitable carrier for the delivery of plant compounds to target cells.