Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Introduction: Watermelon is a fruit that is usually produced in large scales in many reigns of Iran. The annual production of watermelon in Iran is more than 3 million tons. Watermelon not only is a rich source of some vitamins and essential minerals, but also it contains considerable levels of secondary materials such as antioxidants. More than 25% of watermelon is skin and most of nutrients and secondary substances that present in whole watermelon, can be find in watermelon skin. In our country we usually do not use in all circumstances and change to garbage and discharge to environment and increase the environmental problems. …

Introduction Carbohydrates (CHO) are the most important source of energy which provides over half of the energy in livestock diets. They are also the major sources of energy for ruminal microorganisms in a dairy cow’s diet. Carbohydrate nutrition influences both the quantity and quality of milk. Carbohydrates are mainly divided to two types of fiber and non-fiber. Determining the quantity of non-fibrous carbohydrates lead in the balance in dairy cows’ diet. The required levels of structural carbohydrates are known and available, but the desired level of non-fibrous carbohydrates is not defined in details.

Introduction Due to the growing human population, the supply of animal protein for them is considered as an important goal. About 70-60% of the costs of livestock raising is associated with nutrition and one of the most important measures to reduce the cost of feed, is the applying of new materials in the livestock rations. Albizia is a native tree in tropical Africa and Asia, northern Australia and tropical America and also in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. It could be also used in the diet to reduce the cost of livestock ration, but because of some anti-nutrients substances such as tannins and saponins, may be restricted its use in feed. …

Introduction: The ionophore antibiotics have been added to high-grain diets as feed additives and reduced digestive problems with this compound have been reported in many studies. Monensin is an important ionophore that has been used for approximately four decades based on its potential to control rumen fermentation pattern and to decrease the incidence of acidosis and increase efficiency of nutrient utilization. These ionophores facilitate the release of ions from the lipid membrane of bacteria and protozoa also ionopheres increase propionate and decrease methane production. However, the use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives can contribute to antimicrobial resistance both in animals and humans, posing a serious risk to the public health. …

Introduction: 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1, 25 (OH)2 D3], the major biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3 is produced by two sequential hydroxylation reactions. The first hydroxylation occurred when vitamin D3 is transported to the liver, forming 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH) D3] and the second in the kidney, by the enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD3 1a hydroxylase) forming 1, 25 (OH)2 D3. …

Introduction: Feed intake includes a set of physiological mechanisms that affects different parts of the central nervous system. Histamine as a central neurotransmitter involved in regulating appetite. This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of determining the importance of nutrition mode, on the effect caused by histamine via intra-peritoneal injection histamine peripheral receptors in satiety and hunger on feed and water of broilers. When the histamine injected central, feed consumption will be through of H1 histamine receptor. …

Introduction: Iranian native fowl, which are kept in different parts of Iran, are characterized by a long history and vast diversity. Iranian indigenous chickens are meat-cum-egg type. There is evidence of variation in Iranian native fowl for different traits. In many developing countries, the local gene pool still provides the basis for the poultry sector. The genetic resource base of indigenous chickens can form a basis for genetic improvement and diversification to produce a breed adapted to local conditions. …

Introduction: The purpose of dairy cattle breeding is improvement of productive and fertility performance. The breeding of dairy cows was done to increase milk production, longevity, disease resistance and fertility efficiency. In most countries, importation of bulls’ semen with highly breeding values was increased. Global sales of semen expose progeny of sires to climates and production systems vastly different from their original selection environment. This may cause sire re-ranking because the progeny of some sires are not expected to perform to their optimum in every different environment. …

Introduction: One of the important breeding goals in dairy cattle is increasing length of productive life (LPL). In the recent decades, genetic evaluations of dairy cattle longevity have been a major concern for breeders. The trait LPL is defined as the number of days from the first calving to culling, death or censoring. Increasing LPL by reducing the costs of replacement of the heifers and increasing the number of high producing cows plays an important role in increasing the herd incomes and profitability. …

Introduction: Along with increase in genetic progress, maintaining genetic diversity in any population is very important to adapt with the economic and environmental changes in the future and ensure long-term response to selection for traits that are very important. Intensive use of a few breeding animals, where the selection intensity is high, could result in greater rates of inbreeding in the population. …

Introduction The purpose of breeding is to rear animals which are biologically and economically important. Among the domestic species, the poultry, due to the large number of offspring per parent and short generation interval, enable researchers to run breeding programs even on small farms. In this regard, quail because of certain characteristics: short generation interval, large numbers of eggs, disease resistance, and low cost farming is of great interest to biologists and commercial growers. …

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate inbreeding coefficient in Sangsari sheep and its impact on growth traits in order to manage breeding programs and preventing possible negative and harmful effects of excessive increase of inbreeding. Inbreeding is the mating of individuals whose relatedness is greater than the average degree of relationship exists in the population and capable of changing the genotypic frequencies of a population without modifying the gene frequencies. Increase in inbreeding can lead to reduced response to selection of economic traits and the heterozygosity and consequently leads to increase in homozygosity and loss of genetic diversity. …