Journal of Dental Medicine
Year:2003 | Volume:15 | Issue:4 (33)|Papers Count:12

Papillon Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare disease, associated with the early onset periodontal break down in deciduous and permanent dentition. The etiology of PLS is not exactly determined but recently, mutation in catespin C gene, as a genetic basis for the disease, has been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the HLA status in patients affected with PLS. In this research, the frequency of HLA-I and HLA-DR in 9 PLS patients (Belonged to seven unrelated families) were compared with 37 healthy people (controls). Fisher exact test was used for data analysis. The results indicated that the frequency of HLA-B18 was significantly higher in the patients’ group, compared to the control group(P<0.05). The present study, based on the serological methods, is the only existing controlled study regarding PLS. However, in order to get accurate results, a molecular technology with more samples is required.

According to researches, premolar extraction and anterior teeth retraction result in temporomandibular joint disorder due to posterior position of mandible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premolar extraction on TMJ disorder. In this interventiond study, 4 groups (10 patients for each group) were treated. They were classified as 1- non extraction, 2- extraction of two upper first premolars, 3- extraction of four first premolars, 4- combined extraction groups. Helkimo scores were evaluated before treatment, after treatment, one and two years after treatment. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and paired t-test. At the end of the treatment and two years after treatment in comparison with before treatment, Helkimo score had Significant differentce in all groups (P<0.001). In the second year after debanding in comparison with the first year after debanding, no significant differences were seen in each group. No significant difference was seen between the four groups in the final appraisal of TMD. It seems that extraction had no adverse effect on TMD.

Infection control, in all surgery operations, is of high importance. Although a lot of advances have been made, but it is still necessary to observe methods for the prevention of spreading infection, especially for dentists who perform several minor surgeries in the office. As a result, investigating aerobic bacterial contamination of metal instruments, before application, should be paid special attention.  The aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic bacterial contamination on metal instrument before oral surgery. Metal instruments, used in surgery and non surgery operations in 4 departments of dental faculty-oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, periodontics, autoclave room with the sampling volume of 80 were selected randomly. After sterilization of all samples under specific conditions, they were transferred to microbiological laboratory of hygiene faculty and were cultured and incubated under 37 º temperatures for 24 hours. According to the results of culturing, just one case, affected with staphylococcus epidermis, was observed. Sterilization condition, in hygiene faculty, comparing to previous studies, shows 20% progress.

The differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma, the most common salivary gland neoplasm, microscopically, and two other common salivary gland neoplasms, meaning adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, is difficut.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma regarding the staining intensity with PTAH and H&E and also to investigate the relationship between staining intensity with PTAH and malignancy grade in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 72 paraffin embeded samples including 24 pleomorphic adenoma, 24 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 24 mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected and stained with PTAH. The staining intensity in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells were evaluated and compared with H & E staining, statistically. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests (P<0.05).The logistic model was presented to predict the degree of malignancies through the assessment of nucleus and cytoplasm staining intensity in tumoral cells, and the patient’s age. In this study, a statistically significant relationship was observed between staining intensity by PTAH and H& E in nucleus of tumoral cells in pleomorphic adenoma. Moreover, statistically significant relation between staining intensity by PTAH and H & E in cytoplasm of tumoral cells in adenoid cystic carcinoma was found. But there was no relation in other cases. On the other hand, a statistically significant relation between intensity of staining in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells and the type of tumor was found. No relation was obtained between malignancy grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and staining intensity in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells. The presented logistic model indicated a direct relation between tumor malignancy with patient’s age and staining intensity in nucleus of tumoral cells, but a reverse relation was found between cytoplasm staining intensity in tumoral cells and tumor malignancy. Our findings show that PTAH and H & E staining methods, lead to similar results, however, PTAH staining is a reliable method in differential diagnosis of such salivary gland tumors.

Determination of puberty age of girls has been the research subject of researches and jurisprudents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tooth eruption and puberty in 12 year – old girl students. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300, 12-year-old girl students in Mashhad, selected randomly. For each subject, a questionnaire was completed, including the information about the eruption rate of the teeth number 3,4,5,7 and the first menstruation, as puberty index to analyze the results, Mann Whitney test was used. The results of this study showed that, from among 300 female students, just 25% of them attained puberty at the age of 12.On the other hand, a direct relationship was observed between puberty and complete eruption of the second right maxillary molar and the first and second left mandibular premolars, which was statistically significant.

Mandibular shape is an important determinant in facial morphology, consequently, it should be paid special attention while investigating facial morphology changes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between condylar radiographic shape and facial growth pattern in patients with Cl II skeletal malocclusion. The present retrospective study is of cross-sectional type, performed in Yazd dental faculty, on lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 40 patients. Cases, under study, had skeletal Cl II malocclusion, with an age range of 9-12 years for females and 10-13 years for males. Condylar properties, including shape, neck width and inclination were investigated. To study the results,  c2 test and pierson correlation coefficient were used. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between condylar anterior angle and facial growth pattern (P<0.0001). This angle is increased in facial vertical growth pattern. Condylar flattening was observed in 57.5% cases, which did not have any significant relationship with facial growth pattern. No significant relationship was found between facial growth pattern and condylar width.

In the past two decades, replacement of the missing teeth with implant borne prosthesis has become a treatment modality, accepted by the scientific community for fully and partially edentulous patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate retrospectively, 502 ITI dental implants application, in partial and complete edentulous patients, treated in two private centers, based on clinical and radiographic parameters. One hundred and forty patients, with 502 ITI dental implants, who were treated from 1994 to 2000 in two private centers, were investigated. For such patients, a minimum of one year and a maximum of six years were passed since prosthesis placement over implants, so they were cooperative subjects. There was a significant relation between implant type and bone loss, so was between the presence and absence of BOP and the rate of bone loss. From totally 502 implants, 6 implants (28%) and 4 implants (1.4%) were lost, in maxilla and mandible, respectively. The total success rate was 98%. This rate, in maxilla with 212 implants was 97.2% and in mandible with 90 implants was 98.6%. The mean value of bone loss (RBL) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) during 6 years, for the remaining 492 implants were 0.93±0.39mm and 1.99mm, respectively. The results showed that ITI dental implants, with a success rate of more than 97%, can be used as a desirable treatment choice in partial and complete edentulous patients.

Nowadays, sport injuries constitute a major part of social accidents. The aim of the present study, was to investigate the frequency of maxillofacial injuries among athletes-members of different sports federations in Iran from 1998-2001. For this reason files which was related to sport injuries of men and women athletes-members of sports federations were studied in Medical Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Sports Organization. The information were received through 26 medical organizations, located in different states of the country. The results showed that maxillofacial injuries constitute the major part of the sports injuries. In male athletes, football was the most important cause for maxillofacial injuries. However, mountain climbing and skiing play the least role in this field. Among female athletes, karate was the cause of the highest rate of maxillofacial sport injuries. Diving, mountain climbing and skiing cause the least number of maxillofacial accidents. Nasal fracture was the most common sport injury among Iranian male and female athletes.

Papillon Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare recessive autosomal disease, which is associated with palm and sole hyperkeratosis and early periodontium break down of deciduouse and permanent dentition. In the differential diagnosis of PLS, congenital form of palm and sole hyperkeratosis should be considered.Recently, mutation in catepesin C gene has been recognized as a genetic basis for PLS disease. In this disease, complete lack of catepesin C enzyme activity, due to the mutations on both allels, are observed. Actinobacillous actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) bacteria are presented as the main periodontal pathogene in PLS disease. The treatment results have been contradictory and no agreement has been obtained in this regard. Elimination of A.a bacteria and administration of synthetic retinoids are reported as a suitable treatment.

Sjögren syndrome is one of the autoimmune diseases which is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration to exocrine glands and causes keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Today, a large population, with a majority of women over 40, suffers from this disease and has several complications regarding oral health and reduced life quality such as severe dental caries, painful eyes, olfactory and gustatory deficiency, speech, mastication and swallowing discomforts. Unfortunately, these patients do not respond to the conventional therapies. Nowadays in medical world, which its target is basic therapy and not symptomatic one, several gene therapy approaches, have gained importance in treatment of this apparently incurable diseases. Due to the facts that this disease is the second prevelant autoimmune disease, after rheumatoid arthritis, and the conventional therapies of the disease are all relative and symptomatic, researchers have insisted on the basic and causative therapy through gene transfer more than before. In the Present article, through reviewing 58 references containing recent scientific and investigatory findings it has been tried, to consider the pathogenesis and conventional therapies of this syndrome. Another purpose of this study was to investigate several and potentially very effective gene transfer systems and different theraputic genes (mainly membrane water channels, ione transporter molecules, transcription factors, antifungal proteins and free radical scavengers).

Cancer is considered as one of human's complications, particularly in oral and maxillofacial region which leads to undesirable effects and sometimes endangers individual's life. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of maxillofacial malignant tumors, during 13 years, (1985- 1998), in Hamedan. Three hundred and eighty – six records of biopsies were selected from the private files of physicians, 7 private and governmental pathological centers and other educational and research organizations in Hamedan. After observing the samples by oral pathologist, they were presented as the statistical population for this retrospective study. The highest rate of biopsies was observed in the sixth (42.7%), seventh (39.6%) and third (10.6%) decades. The average age was 43.5 years, for women and 45.5 for men. The ratio of men to women was 1.52/1. The oldest patient was a 91- year - old man with malignant melanoma, while the youngest was a 3-year-old girl with Burkit lymphoma. The commonest site of involvement was nasal region (17.3%) and the anterior neck triangle showed the least common tumoral site (2.3%). The commonest tumor, observed in this study, was BBC (41.4%) and the least common was malignant fibrous histocytoma (0.2%). Baso cellular and epidermoid carcinomas have been the commonest cancers in this investigation, while lymphoma and salivary galnd cancers have been placed as the second ones. The results of this study showed that the lower lip and tongue are considered as the commonest sites for cancer.