MOTOR BEHAVIOR (RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE)
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:29 |Papers Count:10

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease that due to the involvement of multiple areas in central nercous system, including sensorimotor system can impair the patients, balance. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive task on postural sway in multiple sclerosis patients. Twenty volunteer men and women with multiple sclerosis (mean ±SD age: 41.85 ± 12.59 years old and EDSS score 0-5) from Tehran multiple sclerosis association and twenty healthy adults (mean ±SD age: 46.52 ± 8/6 years old) were participated in this study and area of postural sway measured in 3 different level by static stabilometer. Repeated measurment test were used for statistical analysis (P<0.005). area under the curve increased by cognitive task in multiple sclerosis and control groups (P=0.000) and there was a significant difference between two groups for area under the curve (P<0.005). The results of this study showed that performance cognitive task increased (%22, %35, %49) of center of pressure sway in multiple sclerosis patients. Also, there was a significant difference between postural sway two groups in all level of cognitive task.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fine motor activities on developing and improving student attention. This research was semi-empirical including pretest and posttest plans for control and experimental groups. Population consists of all 7-10 years old girls from one of the elementary schools in Esfahan city. Studying a sample of 120 pupils indicates that fine motor skills have an impact on the development of children's attention. Boyardee test was used to assess the children's attention. This test was used before and after 12 weeks of fine motor activity of children, and ANCOVA test was applied for statistical analysis. Research findings showed that fine motor skills have an impact on the development of children's attention and the effect of age between the groups was statistically significant. The results confirm the theory of Montessori, which means fine motor activities increase attention in children. And fine motor activities have a potential for development and improvement of children attention.

The purpose of this study was to compare a period of selected training program in green and indoor spaces on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this clinical trial study, the number of 120girl’s students of elementary school of Ahvaz city with ADHD between seven to 11 years old were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Than Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) that designed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria (DSM-IV) was completed by teachers and parents. Afterward 48 of them with the highest-deficit hyperactivity disorder were selected randomly and put with four groups of 12 patients (Aerobic training in green space group, Aerobic training in indoor spaces group, a normal activity in the green space group and the control group). Aerobic training protocols in the green and indoor space were performed three sessions per week for eight weeks with a Maximum Heart Rate Reserve 60 – 85% (25 to 35 minutes per session). For statistical analysis ANCOVA with LSD post hoc analysis was used. The results showed that aerobic training in the green spaces group had a significant effect on the treatment of ADHD symptoms compared to other groups (P<0.05). As a result, aerobic training in green spaces can be used as therapeutic procedures with a positive effect on reducing symptoms (Hyperactivity, Attention deficit, Restlessness and Impulsivity) to children with ADHD.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sport Stacking on perceptual-motor skills in children 8-9 year's elementary school. For this, 34 boys (8.8±0.4) years were selected using convenience sampling. After taking a pre-test by Purdue Peg board and reactions time test, based on scores, subjects were divided in two groups, control and experimental. Interventions consist of sport stacking games training. Sport stacking training was performed in 4 weeks, 45 min sessions, 4 times per week. For data analyzing, Kolmogorove-Smirnov test for normality were used. Also for hypothesis testing the Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) were used. The results of analyses of covariate showed the significant effect of sport stacking training on eye hand coordination (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on improving reaction time (P>0.05). According to this study, sport stacking can be used to promote eye-hand coordination of elementary school children, in physical education programs and kindergartens program and rehabilitation centers for children.

The aim of this study was to examine learning of predictive motor control in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The sampling design was purposive and from (aged 7-12 years) male students of Tabriz, 12 children with DCD by using DCDQ, PMOQ-T, and BOTMP tests, and 12 typically developing (TD) children (age and IQ matched) were selected. Participants were required to track a target moving along a circular path on a rotatory pursuit task by using game controllers. Predictive control was assessed by Variables which reflecting tracking success and behavior with the manual tracking. Results of repeated measure of analysis showed that there was a significant difference between DCD and TD children on measures of predictive control; total time on target (P=0.049), consecutive time on target (P=0.016), distance from the target (P=0.002) and velocity of the cursor (P=0.001). Collectively, probably DCD children had deficits in consolidation and learning of predictive motor control, they may be used feedback-based step-and-hold strategy, and an underlying deficit in the internal modeling was concluded in DCD children.

The aim of the current study was to compare the expertise acquisition process between provincial and national rock climbing medalists. For this purpose, 50 rock climbing medalists (23 medalists at the provincial level and 27 medalists at the country level) were selected using available and purposive sampling methods. The history of Exercises was recorded using the Hopwood developmental history ofathletes’ questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using ANCOVA, independent t-test, and the phi coefficient. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the age of beginning rock climbing exercises. About 16% of the national medalists and 24% of the provincial medalists were single-sport athletes. In general, the amount of rock climbing exercises was significantly higher in the national medalists than in the provincial medalists. The average hour of mental skills training was significantly higher in the national medalists than in the provincial medalists in the age range of 16 years and older but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in a comparison between their average hours of performing bodybuilding exercises. The present study provides valuable information about the expertise acquisition process in rock climbers as well as a variety of activities which have been effective in acquiring their skillful performance. This information can help officials in educational planning, and can help parents to put their children in a better athletic path.

Old age is a period of life that usually begins after the age of 60 to 65 years old. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between fear of falling, anxiety, balance, and functional mobility in male and female elders living in Ardabil city. The study population consisted of elderly men and women from Ardabil nursing-home. Sixty subjects (30 male, and 30 female), age ranges from 65 to 75 were selected randomly. Data collection was performed using demographic questionnaire, Fall Efficacy Scale-International and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Subsequently, Berg Balance Test wasused to measure the elders’ balance, Timed Up and Go test was used to measure functional mobility, and a complimentary test known as 30 Seconds Chair Stand was further performed. Descriptive statistics from linear regression with the significance of 0.05 in SPSS software were used to analyze data. Results showed a significant relationship between fear of falling and balance and anxiety in elderly but there was no significant relationship between fear of falling and functional mobility. Therefore, fear of falling plays an important role in the balance and anxiety of elderly men and women so this factor must be considered in studies regarding balance in older adults.

The purpose of present study is to examine the effect of combining observational, shadow and physical practice on learning dart throwing skill.72 female high school students with an average of 17 to 19 years were randomly assigned to the six groups of 12 participants: observational, shadow, physical, combination group 1 (observational-physical) combination group 2 (observational-shadow-physical) and the control group. After pretest, during the acquisition phase each of the groups practiced 60 trials, dart throwing skill based on specific instructions for each group, the control group did not practice. Ten minutes after the acquisition phase, immediate retention/transfer tests was performed. After 24 hours without training, delayed retention/transfer tests was performed. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed (P=0.05), training groups compared with the control group have been significantly better (P=0.000), and physical group and combination group (observational-physical) have been significantly better compared with the observational and shadow groups (P<0.05) and combination group (observational-shadow-physical) have been significantly better compared with all groups (P=0.000). Overall, the results of this study indicate that, maximum learning occurs, by the combination of three observational, shadow and physical practice in compared to other training methods.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of local games on visual– motor skills in seven years old male students with and without experience in computer games. Therefore, 40 students from Namin primary schools were assigned into four groups of 10 persons (two experimental groups & two control groups with and without experience in computer games). All participants were tested using the visual motor revised Gardner (TVMS-R) as pre and posttests. The experimental groups participated in 18 sessions of local games; each lasted about 45 minutes (six weeks, three days a week). The control groups were done their normal life activities. Results showed that both experimental groups had better scores in visual motor skills after the intervention in compare to the control ones. But there was no significant difference between the two groups with and without experience in computer games. The finding revealed that the implementation of local games had a significant effect on visual motor skills of seven years old male students but it had not any relation with their experience in computer games.

The aim of this study was investigation the effect of TGFU model on self-determine motivation and learning of Volleyball serve in adolescent students of Kermanshah city. The subjects were 30 male high school student of Kermanshah city with the average age of 16.32. The research was conducted in three phases, include: Pre-test, training in TGFU and traditional method and posttest (retention). TGFU training was consisted of a TGFU Six-step model based education, with an emphasis on tactic. Moreover, traditional training was including training with an emphasis on the skills and techniques. The descriptive statistics and statistical procedures of Mixed ANOVA 2*2 and Bonferroni post-hoc were utilized to analyze data. Results of independent t-test indicate that the amount of self-determine motivation for TGFU group was higher than traditional group. In addition, standard volleyball service points for TGFU group and traditional group in the pre-test to post-test were enhanced, but this increase was higher in the TGFU group. The results of this study, suggests that TGFU model as a better model compared to the technical model based on skills, for educating and coaching.