SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:42 |Papers Count:11

The purpose of this Research was to Explanation the role of social capital in the development of youth sports participation was the city of Yazd. The research method in terms of type, application and data collection, survey. The study sample consisted of all young people aged 15-29 were living in the city of Yazd.372 persons were selected as the sample. Sampling was based cluster, and data were collected using a questionnaire which was established content and high reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the variables shown in the utility's reliability study. The results showed that the average social capital, as well as sports participation is higher in men than in women. As well as between social capital and its main components (social trust, social norms, social networks and social participation) with the participation of youth sports, there is a significant relationship. The results of multivariate analysis showed that social capital and its main components were able to more than 15 percent of variability explained that sports participation on this basis and as a final Conclusion, can be said that efforts to strengthen the social capital of youngs can be a valuable strategy to expand participation in their sports.

The aim of this study is to compare students of the personal brand of physical education with Students of other disciplines with an emphasis on effective communication skills Qasemi had 6 children. The method described in terms of strategy, in terms of the direction of scrolling implementation of the aim of development and practical. The population consisted of all undergraduate and graduate students of different trends in physical education and other fields in selected universities in 94 years and a statistical sample of 384 people also were considered. Research tools included two questionnaires assess personal branding (Ghasemi, 2015) and a questionnaire to determine the level of communication skills Ghasemi (2015), respectively. In this study, to determine the validity, content and structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and differential was used and the internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha), time and other items were used. According to the normal or non-normal data (Kolmogrov Smirnov test), confirmatory factor analysis and one-sample t test, t-test was used to compare between variables were analyzed Levin. The data analysis was performed using software SPSS version 22. Results showed that personal brand is significantly weaker students in the field of physical education and physical education in terms of students' writing skills, speaking, using modern communication tools daily and were significantly weaker and the skills of listening, reading, and language is the appropriate body significantly. In general, physical education is poor communication skills of students and personal brand of physical education students was significantly lower than non-PE students' personal brand.

One of the important parts of social-economic development is national sports development. Promotion of sports in all field effects on social vitality and national efficiency. The aim of this research is “Analysis of professional and championship sports effectivenesson sports development.” Methodology of research is mixed and research has done by using questionnaire made by researcher. Statistical population contains sports manager and masters. We consider population and sample as the same because of restriction of population. Finally, we received questionnaire from 73 people. We used K-S test, one sample t test, Friedman, Binominal test and structural equation modeling to test the research hypothesis.Results have shown that in professional sports, availability of sports places with international standards and in championship sports, development of talent system and talented student education is the most priority of sports development. In this regard, special attention to education system of country in order to educate athletes and talented person for making suitable sport infrastructure is necessary.

The Purpose of this study was toexamine the “Over-Scheduling Hypothesis” in the sport context and determine the effect of sport-scheduling type on social and adaptive functioning in high school girls. In this descriptive-ex post facto research, 270 girl students (110 non-athletes, 97 recreational athletes, and 63 amateur athletes), completed the validated version of Child and Adolescent Social and Adaptive Functioning Scale and resulted data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and related follow-up tests at 95 percent confidence level.Based on the findings, the type of sport scheduling had a significant effect on academic performance, peer relationships, and home duties/self-care, but its effect on family relationships was not statistically significant. Follow up analysis showed that academic performance in amateur group is lower than recreational and non-athlete groups, but peer relationships in amateur group is higher than recreational and non-athlete groups and also peer relationships in recreational group is higher than non-athlete group. Home duties/self-care level in amateur group was higher than non-athlete group and all differences in other comparisons were not statistically significant. The results suggest that shifting participation from recreational to competitive sport, has positive effect on quality of social (peer relationships) and adaptive (home duties/self-care) functioning, but it may cause to an academic slump. The Findings support the over-scheduling hypothesis in terms of negative effect of increase in organized activities.

The purpose of present research was importance– performance analysis of effective factors on the decision to watch a football match. The research method was descriptive in type of analytical. The statistical population of this study was spectators of match between Sepahan and Saipa teams that that 384 person were selected by available sampling as research sample. The effective factors on the attendance of spectators in stadiums with exact review of research literature were recognized and used for research questionnaire design. The validity of questionnaire was investigated by 10 professors and experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.94 was calculated. The data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistics method. The research results showed of 32 factors affecting the decision to watch a football match 3 factors on the lower priority area, 22 factors on concentrate here area and 7 factors in the keep up the good work was maintained. The factors that have been a priority area for the operation of the system are not threatening and do not require immediate correction. Factors stayed on concentrate here area that such factors requires immediate corrective action and in this respect are a high priority. Finally, the factors stayed on keep up the good work area of spectator’s point not only important but also satisfied with their performance.

The present study intended to examine the role of the characteristics of information source in word of mouth advertising of sports products (apparel) with evaluation of the moderating role of functional risk and psychological risk in development of this relationship. Regarding the purpose, this investigation was an applied research; and in terms of data collection, it was a descriptive correlation conducted through field study. Population of the study included sports apparel stores in Tehran. Subjects were selected through convenience sampling method.Consulting Morgan table, 384 people were selected. With regard to five percent dropout rate, 400 questionnaires were administered. As the research instrument, a questionnaire was developed. Validity of the instrument was confirmed through consulting 12 sport management professors. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.88. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was utilized via AMOS software. The findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between expertness of information sources and word of mouth. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between homophily of information sources with buyer and word of mouth. There is also a significant positive relationship between functional and psychological risk reduction and word of mouth. In addition, it was found that functional risk reduction is a partial mediating variable in the relationship between expertness of information sources and word of mouth. But, reduction of this risk does not play a mediating role in the relationship between homophily of information sources and word of mouth. It was also found that psychological risk reduction is a partial mediating variable in the relationship between expertness of information sources and word of mouth; but, reduction of this risk extremely mediates in the relationship between homophily of information sources with the buyer and word of mouth. Ultimately, customers are in quest of information from expert people who are similar to themselves so as to reduce the possible risks. If the information acquired has greater risk reduction, more profitable streams of word of mouth advertising for sports goods are created.

The main objective of this research was to identify the barriers to promote female athletes in Khuzestan Premier League. Given the lack of proper tools to investigate the barriers, a questionnaire was first designed and its validity was evaluated in three stages.In the first step, after literature review, semi-structured interviews were conducted with female athletes and a primary questionnaire with 62 items was prepared. After review by the research team, the overlapping items were removed and finally 54 items were identified. In the second step, exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the number of items and to identify more relevant items. Removing 8 items, 46 items remained and classified in 9 main factors. In the third step, the validity of the structure and test was evaluated by partial least squares method. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity. The results showed that the 8-factor model fits better than the other models. Accordingly, 8 main factors with 43 questions were identified as barriers to the promotion of female athletes in Khuzestan. According to the ranking of obstacles by Friedman test, community impact with the average rating 5/37 is in first place obstacles.management factors 5.25, gender inequality in sports organizations 5.23, technical factors 5, corruption in sports organizations 4.87, costs and career 4.24, gender attitudes 3.25, and gender and culture 2.80 are in second place to eighth.

The aim of the current research was to identify and explain the competency pattern of the managers of the sport and youth administration of Iran. The research method of this research was applied and it has been done through a mixed method. Research population of qualitative section was consisted of the experts of the selection and appointment of the executives of the country. Sampling of the qualitative section was done through a mixture of two methods of theoretical sampling and snowball sampling. The population of the model validation phase included all the employees of the staff section of the sport and youth administration management of provinces, physical education managers of universities, and elected physical education management professors who have had management experience at sport and youth administration. The data for this research was collected through literature review and analysis of documents and also through interviewing with the experts, officials, specialists and managers of the sports. In the qualitative section, using a data based method, competency pattern of managers was stated in 91 concepts, 11 categories, and 3 classes. At the end after final analysis, the results were provided in the form of competency model of sport managers of sport and youth administration. Then it was tested and approved by PLS software. Competencies can be presented as the common language for various functions of human resources. The competencies can be used for educational needs analysis of individuals, curriculum preparation and evaluation, evaluation of educational efficiency and effectiveness, and finally growth and progress of individuals.

In sociology literature, informal social networks have been recognized as one of the main ways to boost ties and social bonds between people and thus increase social trust, and since the “sport for all” is an informal and voluntary exercise and provides a good atmosphere to increase direct relationships and emotional bonds between people in the community, it seems can be affective in strengthening of social trust through its functions and mechanisms. This study was done to examination the relationship between participation of young people in the “sport for all” exercises and their social trust. The research method is descriptive and correlation design. The population consisted of all young people aged 15 to 29 in Tehran, among them 405 patients selected with multi-stage cluster sampling and divided into two groups “participant” and “nonparticipant” groups, and the components of social trust were measured using the self-made questionnaire. The results show that the average social trust for the participants in sport for all in general (2.96) higher than the average of the variable for nonparticipant (2.84), and this difference was statistically significant, so, it can be said that participation in sport by young people in the study correlated the degree of social trust. The consideration of social trust dimensions showed that mean difference between the two groups about interpersonal trust and generalized trust is statistically significant, but there was no significant impact on the fundamental trust and institutional trust.

This study aimed to identify sources of stress and strategies to cope with stress of Iranian athletes’ students, with emphasis on the role of universities management. After breakdown of the country's universities to five geographical regions, the Borg stressors scale (2009) and Carver coping strategies questionnaire (1997) were distributed between 1, 000 athletes-student. Results of confirmative factor analysis showed that the major sources of stress in students are typically perceived (not real) Stresses and the coping strategies used in medical group were more diverse and efficient. Independent t-test results, showed that medical and non-medical groups have an overall significant difference in sources of stress but their strategies to cope with stress had no significant differences. It is need that university administration to review administrative processes and take advantage from the students’ comments, since the detected resources was mainly in the managerial-administrative area.Medical universities can be a model for non-medical universities, because of better results.

The purpose of this research was Talent Identification and the Role of Volunteer Motor Experience in their Success in Entrance Exams for Physical Education. The present study is a descriptive and survey and the sample is contains 710 subjects 89-90 years of PNU that have been selected as a stratified random. For data analysis was used from Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Leven, Mann-Whitney U and independent t-test. The results showed that volunteers with high school education in physical education have higher Motor- physical ability and talent than other.There is no statistically significant difference about endurance of the shoulder girdle muscles and abs, agility of volunteers with high school education in physical education than other but muscular force of volunteers with high school education is higher than other. The results of this analysis are important in terms of limiting the acceptance of physical education students in higher levels is not an acceptable idea and continuation of the current trend of free entry to physical education discipline from other disciplines provides better absorption of sports talents in this discipline.