GEOGRAPHY AND TERRITORIAL SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:14

Generally speaking, the green economy does not replace the concept of sustainable development, it is an integral element of economic policy in the path to sustainability, and it can be said that it is the prerequisite to achieve sustainability, because it includes three primary factors of theprogress, namely, social, economic, and environmental. From this perspective, the present study aimed to assess the regional sustainability of West Azarbaijan province with the approach of green economy and to use the indicators of this new approach in regional sustainability. The statistical community for conducting research was the officials, the journalists and relevant experts in the West Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, in the province and for each city (72 towns), 75 questionnaires were completed and 575 questionnaires were completed by the experts. For analysis of the data, Radar models and Barometer of Scott Allen stability, as well as multiple correlation coefficients, Anova and beta in the environment SPSS software has been used. The results of the stability barometric model indicate the province's average stability status, while the multivariate regression test confirms the relationship between green economy indicators in realization and sustainability, and the explanatory factor indicates that it is important that 17% Dependent on independent criteria Thus, if the average of each of the indicators of the green economy in the region increases, their role and their impact on realization will increase sustainability. So, among the indicators examined, the environmental health index and risks with the beta value of 192 have the greatest role and the power of explanation in Predictability of realization of sustainability in the study area and the index of environmental services and welfare with a beta value of 0. 001 have the least role and influence power in realizing the stability of West Azarbaijan province.

The increase in the temperature of cities is the urbanization crisis of the present century. The purpose of this study was to identify surface temperature spatial variations in the city of Mashhad, which was characterized by the thermal bonding of 11 Landsat images for the period 2009-2013 and the digital land use map. In this equation, a separate window algorithm was used to calculate the surface temperature. The model of the spatial pattern of the surface temperature of the city of Mashhad during the year is the increase of surface temperatures from the center to the periphery of the city at the time of the passage of the satellite, so that the central and old parts of the city (Sanabad, Abkouh, Saadabad, Malekabad), have lower surface temperatures than The highest surface temperature in the southern margin of the city, in front of the Binalood Mountains from the west to the south-east of Mashhad, the railway, the airport, Shohada square, the border of Imam Ali Highway and the Hemmat ring way, Sheshsad Dastgah, the sugar factory and spinning mill, and the empty open spaces and and no urban use. Urban transportation usages, bare lands and altitudes throughout the year, maximum surface temperatures and minimum temperatures, are used for recreational and tourist use, agriculture and gardens, especially in hot months. The 12th district of the city is the warmest and district 1 is the coolest district in the city of Mashhad in terms of surface temperature. The maximum surface temperature of Mashhad is in the months of July and August, and the minimum temperature is in December, and the spatial extent of the surface temperature of the city is respectively September and the spring is the highest in October and the lowest in autumn.

Urmia Lake is one of the largest Salt supersaturation lakes in the world and in the region. But its life has been endangered over the last few decades due to many factors, such as dam construction, the rising rainfall, the increasing number of wells around the lake, as well as other major factors. . In this regard, the present study aimed to find a way to prevent the occurrence of a regional and even national crisis, from the perspective of the future, to examine the regional impacts of the drying of Lake Urmia on the horizon of 2025. This research, which is a developmental-functional research in view of nature and is descriptive-analytical one in terms of method, has used the interview and Delphi method to collect the required information and then these data were analyzed using the structural analysis method And Mick Mac technique, The results show that the variables of salt storm, dust, Smooth Sands, and non-pollutant salmon canals and the ability of the region to become the National Park are key variables. These variables influence the key variables of other variables and have the most impact on other variables and are less effective. Also, the most important influential variable, which both directly and indirectly influences this process, is people And at the first stage, the effects of direct drying of the lake on people such as increased aerosol should be prevented from exceeding the permissible occurrence of storms and the spread of mudslides in the region, and in the subsequent stages, the other variables were also monitored and controlled and prevented their damages.

In the present age, considering the growth and development of the cities, the urbanism issues and concepts such as city and citizenship have become the most important issues affecting human life in quantitative and qualitative dimensions, Therefore, they are addressing new urban development theories such as the city, with goals such as solving urban problems, improving the quality of life in the city, the efficiency of urban management and city leadership towards the side of more desirability, with respect to local and local values more than before. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the livability status of the five districts of Zahedan from the citizen's point of view. The nature of this study is descriptive-analytical and is of applied one. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. To determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used and the population of the sample was 400 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and regression analysis, T-test, and one-sample T-test and in order to evaluate the viability and ranking of 5 areas in Zahedan, Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The findings show that the income variable with a beta value of 0. 322 has the most effect on satisfaction of residents of Zahedan from the indicators of survival. The results of one-sample T test indicate that the overall mean of indices of survival was 2. 67 And lower than average. Among the dimensions studied, the social dimension with an average of 3. 23 is moderate and has a more favorable situation; however, with regard to the significance level which is higher than 0. 05, and from the statistical view is not a meaning relationship And it is not possible to generalize this result to the whole society ", while the economic dimension with an average of" 2. 54 " urban challenges with an average of" 2. 64 and "urban infrastructure with an average of 2. 50 less Are moderate and undesirable. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test show that among the 5 regions of Zahedan, region 1 with an average rating of 243. 83, has the highest viability, in contrast, region 4 with an average rating of 137. 33, has the least viability in 5th districts of Zahedan city.

Event tourism As a new type of tourism is growing rapidly in various spatial patterns in the world. Event tourism has accounted for almost $ 400 million of annual trade in the world, and according to reports published in the last two decades Event tourism is one of the fastest growing travel and tourism sectors. This is while Iran is the land of traditions, rituals, customs, and great events, and each of them has a world of mysteries and unknowns. Each of these rituals and events in the territory of Iran is capable of attracting tourists on domestic and international scale in the event of the "production of tourism products", which results in the creation of employment and income for residents of the country's tourism destinations. In the meantime, the Red Gold festival in Qaenat, which coincided with the harvest season for saffron in the district of Qaenat, was one of the events that could be a good basis for the development of event tourism in the province. However, this festival was hold only Three courses and stopped. In this regard, this paper, in the framework of a strategic assessment methodology, examined the tourists' event based on the festival of the Red gold and from 32 specialist and experts, based on a SWOT model, a survey was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire. And evaluates the results in the framework of the MS-SWOT model. It promotes the choice of a conservative or defensive strategy (WO); hence, it is necessary to use the opportunity offered by agricultural tourism, historic-cultural tourism and nomadic tourism in the region to link tourism with the event. The Red Gold Festival is to be held by local residents and NGOs. At first the Event Tourism target market of The Red Gold festival is nationally, which requires marketing through domestic media. Planning various tourist tours to the destination of Gaenat at the time of festival is the first priority of the target market and the demand market for domestic tourism.

The existence of economic and social inequalities between the regions has always led researchers to use the appropriate statistics and techniques to analyze this spatial imbalance and inequality, and while assessing the status of areas in terms of development and availability to provide appropriate strategies for achieving coordinated and integrated development. In order to achieve this goal, in the present study, using a descriptive-analytical approach and using the multi-criteria analysis method (VIKOR), we evaluated the availability of cities in Lorestan province (9 counties) by economic, social and infrastructural indicators, as well as recognizing and identifying the distance and developmental difference of different regions. All the results of analysis of the total development indicators shows that Khorramabad city has a favorable situation and the cities of Pol Dokhtar and Delfan are in an undesirable situation. Development gap analysis should reflect factors such A centralized management structure, environmental factors, political economy, spatial planning system disorders, particularly growth center of Khorramabad city.

Space political organization and decentralization are issues in the field of geopolitical studies Increasingly today There is a growing tendency to implement decentralization policies in most countries around the world, and governments are forced to create and recognize local-level organizations and institutions as a Structural Component of Government. This paper reviews the systematic role of legal political factors in the formation of local government with an emphasis on the country of Iran and considering the effectiveness of the systematic thinking in social science studies, this research is based on systematic thinking. The present study from the view point of purpose is applied and on the basis of nature and method is analytical and inferential descriptive. Data collection was done through library and field study, which included-quantitative (and qualitative) snowball interview questionnaire (for quantitative and qualitative analysis of legal policy factors in government formation). In Iran, a single-sample t-test using spss software was used to prioritize the effects of each of the relevant political dimensions of the Friedman-spss test on plotting causal diagrams based on systematic interpretation of software. Vensim was interviewed to complete the final system, or to justify the results of the present study. Local government is a widespread need for a new and efficient way to deal with problems in developed and developing countries, which there is no exception for Iran, in this way systematic thinking as an efficient way of managing the issues, especially Local government debate should be taken into account The results of the study show that the impact of legal political factors on the formation of local government in Iran is very high and the current status of this dimension for local government formation in Iran is very poorly evaluated, In addition, based on the results of quantitative and qualitative analyzes among the effective legal political factors of effective service, there is Strong bureaucracy and the necessity of local government decision-making within the local community are paramount in the formation of local government in Iran.

Among oilseeds, rapeseed is the third most important source of oil production in the world after soybean and palm oil. Mazandaran province produces about 19% of the country's oilseeds with thermal and precipitation potential. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess the land suitability of Mazandaran province for rapeseed cultivation based on multi-criteria decision making in GIS. To achieve the land suitability assessment of the study area, climatological and Synoptic data at the provincial level since its establishment in 2011 were established for each of the phenological stages of rapeseed such as temperature, precipitation, daylight-hours, degree of day lgrowth. Sunny hours, number of frost days and relative humidity as well as environmental capability data, including soil type, land use, soil depth, elevation and slope were used. Depending on the purpose and nature of the research, the type of research is applied and the method of research is descriptive-analytical. collecting descriptive information was done by the library linguistic documentation method using library method and then in order to prioritize and evaluate the criteria related to rapeseed cultivation، based on multi-criteria decision analysis method (MCDM ) based on Hierarchical Analysis Process AHP ) was used. Finally، by weighting the prepared layers according to the criteria and model، the layers were combined and overlapped in GIS environment and the final land suitability assessment layer was prepared for rapeseed cultivation. The results of the discussions showed that the lands of the study area were 15. 3% unlimited, 28. 2% limited, 48. 2% moderate and 8. 3% unlimited.

The urban scattering that developed as urban scattering after World War II had many unfortunate consequences for cities. The major problems facing cities in the country are the physical, economic, social and environmental interconnectedness of unplanned horizontal expansion. In spite of all the problems, one must also accept the fact that horizontal expansion of cities is inevitable; hence, in recent decades in Iran, the expansion of cities has become a problem and the need to pay attention to urban issues in the context of science, is importance and Necessary. Recent research has analyzed urban sprawl or horizontal sprawl using current and historical remote sensing data using simple statistical models that tend to be applied to different spatial and temporal dimensions and specified that which one of the cities of Amol and Babol of Mazandaran province is of Spiral one and how is its trend over time as well as its rate in different urban segments and which of these two cities has had the most land use changes around them and in which direction is the future of these changes. The data collection tool is based on documentary information. Using IDIRSI and ARC MAP software, Land Use and Supervised Fuzzy Artmap Classification Method was extracted and the Cross Tab Model was used for the extent of land uses changes, Helderen model was used to identify the extent of horizontal expansion and Markov chain method was used to predict land use change trends for the time horizon of 2026. Evaluation of satellite images shows that land use changes in Amol city are more than Babol city. The model results also show that in the city of Babol in 2016, the highest land use changes occurred with 55. 54% and the lowest land use change with 2. 32%. while in Amol, the largest change in irrigated agricultural land is 66. 97%. The physical growth of the cities of Amol and Babol is also mainly due to the population factor, which has resulted in a decrease in gross population density and an increase in the net per capita urban area and ultimately in horizontal and sprawling expansion. The results also show that in Amol orchards, but in Babol, irrigated agricultural lands will have the most changes.

Borders are permanent and enduring concepts in political geography and play an important role in the socio-economic life of residents around them. The border between Iran and Iraq has always played a key role in shaping the political, economic, social and cultural relations of the frontier people. This border has sometimes provided the tense and temporal ground for cooperation between the two countries. Kermanshah Province with more than 3km of international border in common with Iraq, having six border cities with high natural and human resources (mineral resources, oil, agriculture, border differences and religious and ethnic diversity. . . ) is of particular geopolitical importance. This paper examines the boundaries of Kermanshah province by using a descriptive-analytical method and as a documentary and library study with a strategic geopolitical perspective. The results show that although the current geopolitics is peace-based in the current situation, but some of the threats remain in place and will probably be eroded in the future due to the nature of the border; Therefore, increasing attention to intelligence, wall-building and reinforcement of structures across the border between the two countries is in line with the growing trend of social military threats, including the main needs of the country's official institutions.

One of the negative consequences of tourism development is the increase in the number of road accidents in the seasons of tourism flows and traffic accidents resulting in tourist deaths, which can be attributed to poor infrastructure, poor compliance with the rules and guidelines., the high volume of car traffic and human issues. This makes road safety an important issufor the tourism sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between road accidents, safety and tourism development in a desirable way. In this study, Chalus Road is one of the four communication routes of Tehran to the northern cities of the country. Chalus Road is a mountainous road with many natural attractions, which attract many tourists, both in transit and daily as well as in the different seasons, to the second houses (in villages located on Karaj Chalous route). The research method from the view point of purpose is applied and, by its nature is descriptive-analytical, the information required is accomplished using both field and documentary methods. In the documentary method, the related background was studied and after extraction of indices and localization, a researcher-made questionnaire as a field tool was prepared. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results show that 58. 7% of the sample population considers summer to be a travel And human factors with a mean of 31. 3 compared to 30 are the most important causes of tourists' traffic accidents on Chalus Road-natural, technical and managerial factors are at the next levels. The findings also indicate that tourism development will be enhanced by careful planning and proper incident management as well as road safety for tourists.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the process of ecological potential assessment of Gorgan city in order to determine potential urban development points. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical; in order to achieve the purpose of the research, first-the required information of the area is collected using available information sources and fieldwork and interviews with relevant experts and then using the evaluation approach. Multi-criteria and specifically the use of the hierarchical analysis process, one of the most popular multi-objective decision making techniques for complex situations with multiple and contrasting metrics, is evaluated, analyzed, summarized and integrated in the geographic information system environment. Based on the results, the whole study area is in terms of elevation criterion and most of the study area in terms of slope, land use, communication and precipitation criteria to determine optimal urban development points were appropriate and direction criteria. Slope, soil, geology, fault, distance from river are limited in More area for the study of city development. Finally, 11. 73% of this area has very good capability, 21. 91% has good capability and 27. 03% has moderate capability for city development. On the other hand, 26. 07% of this area has inadequate power and 13. 26% has very limited capacity for city development. Overall, the city of Gorgan in the study area has more than average capacity for urban development.

With the emergence of new urban development plans in different countries as well as the necessity of proper land use, land allocation has always been one of the most controversial issues in the context of new developments. The main objective of urban land segregation is to provide maximum efficiency of land and space and to maintain access between urban areas, thus creating a favorable urban environment. Several factors are effective in determining the size of the segments. Of these, the socio-economic characteristics of the households that are expected to reside on the horizon in the developed area are of great importance. Accordingly, in the present study four factors including household size, income level, land price and access to urban centers were selected as independent variables and land area as dependent variable and the results obtained from the importance of each Independent variables in explaining the dependent variable are presented in a regression equation. Accordingly, in the present study four factors including household size, income level, land price and access to urban centers were selected as independent variables and land area as dependent variable and the results obtained from the importance of each Independent variables in explaining the dependent variable are presented in a regression equation. The case study area is Semnan city which requires 86 Hectares based on forecasting urban development process to master plan horizon (1405). Land segmentation modeling process is done in six steps and basic tool used for land segmentation model. Designed by Dahal and Cho (2014), based on size, shape, and direction, it provides a fully automated large-scale segmentation scheme. Using this model, the plot of land is subdivided into 16 primary blocks. Each block has a different place or value to households depending on the price of land and their access to urban centers. By calculating the average of accessibility index and forecasting the price of land and income in the horizon and using the regression equation, the required land parcels for different income levels are obtained. On the other hand, by calculating the location value for each block and assuming that higher-income households tend to live in higher-value blocks, the obtained areas are allocated to the considered blocks. Finally, in order to achieve better results, the limitations of the automated land segmentation model as well as suggestions for achieving more accurate results are presented.

The core of urban development planning theories is the respect and promotion of environmental issues and the move to sustainable and green cities. In this process, one of the strategies for realizing green cities is to frame the emergence and enhancement of green and natural areas in cities such as urban green space use. However, having adequate green spaces and their proper location can be very helpful in having healthy cities, given the necessity of the present study, which has been accomplished by the analytical-descriptive method. the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial optimal deployment of urban green spaces in district 6 of Ahvaz city to achieve the purpose of the study of 13 urban land uses along with green space land use evaluation. Source for collecting, extracting and producing research data is Map 1: 25000 Land Use District 6 of Ahvaz Municipality. To analyze this information after fuzzing the layers using fuzzy functions in Arc GIS 10 software, Fuzzy Gamma Operator (Fuzzy Gamma) was used to evaluate the optimal locations of urban green space deployment in Zone 6 which was best achieved by Considering the current status of land uses in Area 6 to analyze the optimal placement of green space so that, according to the Fuzzy Gamma Analysis of 0. 9, the central to northern parts of the region are the best locations for the establishment of green spaces in Ahvaz District.