SOCIAL COGNITION
Year:2013 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Several studies have had different results about alexithymia and Theory of Mind in males and females. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of alexithymia and Theory of Mind in under-graduated students. In this comparative research, using convenience method, 284 undergraduate students (123 male and 161 female) from different fields of study such as Human Science, Engineering, and Basic Science were selected. They were assessed through completed Torento Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) as well as appraisal and computerized version of revised reading the mind in the eyes test. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results revealed that there was a significant difference between both groups in Theory of mind and "external oriented thinking (EOT)" subscale of alexithymia. Findings demonstrated that scores of male students were lower than the female students in TOM but in EOT subscale were higher than females. Therefore, it can be concluded that female students are better in Theory of Mind and are less alexithymic than male students.

The project aims to study the effect of critical thinking instruction on epistemological beliefs of B.A students of Yazd University in 2011-12 school years. With regard to aim، the applied study has conducted by experimental method. Statistical population includes all B.A students of Yazd University comprising 11052 persons. The sampling process conducted with random method of stage cluster sampling. During the method the students in two classes of education field were chosen as sample groups and were determined to experimental and control groups randomly. The research tools were Schomer's epistemological beliefs questionnaire (1992) and critical thinking training protocol in six session longs two hours based on Paul (1984), Fisher (2005) and mayers (1986). Descriptive statistical indexes and analysis of covariance test were applied orderly to data description and testing of research hypotheses. The most important results showed that the instruction of critical thinking enhanced epistemological beliefs of experimental group more than control group. Also in subscales level of epistemological belifes questionnaire the statistical results showed that the instruction increased epistemological belifes of students in: innate learning ability, the simplicity of epistemology, the determinism of epistemology and rapid learning. However, the instruction did not show a significance difference between males and females. At the end of report the limitations of research, practical and copic suggestions for future studies are stated.

Introduction: Theory of mind is one of the most topics in social cognition and since, it is a prerequisite to understand the social environment and involvement in competitive social behavior, in recent decades has been considered in the field of psychology. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is development of social cognition in children based on theory of mind and comparison of theory of mind in three groups of 3, 5 and 7 years old children.Method: In this regard, 150 children from rasht city were selected by multiphasic cluster sampling and completed theory of mind scale (TMS-38). Data were analyzed in a£0.01 significant levels by multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up test.Finding: The results showed that there was a significant difference in levels of theory of mind between three groups. In this case, the older subjects compared with younger subjects, obtained higher scores at all levels of theory of mind. Results: According to the findings of the present study, children together with increase in age in their evolution, achieve distinct levels of theory of mind.

Background: Given the high prevalence of stress and emotional distress caused by diabetes and also its negative effects on glycemic control in these patients, various methods of psychological intervention have been investigated. The present study aims to investigate the impact of group psychosocial intervention on indices of mental and physical well-being in diabetic patients.Methods: All women with type2 diabetes in Yazd Diabetes Research Centre were considered as statistical community from which 80 women were selected by random sampling. They completed WBQ-12 questionnaire and diabetes-dependent quality of life questionnaire (ADDQOL) and then were introduced to lab for blood test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and MANOVA.Findings: Statistical analysis showed that the scores of experimental group on quality of life and psychosocial well-being were significantly higher in second stage than first stage. So HbA1c was decreased in experimental group but this difference was not significant.Conclusion: The results showed that group psychosocial intervention has positive effects on glycaemic control in diabetic patients and leads to well-being and better quality of life in these patients. But these effects were increased the more time passes.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of relationship enrichment on compatibility of married students.Methodology: This is a semi experimental study with pre-test and post-test on control group. Statistical population of this study was a university student couples have formed. The samples were 60 persons (30 couples), that one of the spouses has been necessarily the student of PayamNoor university of uromieh. The spouses were rand mely divided to control groups (15 couples) and experimental groups (15 couples). The independent variable was relationship enrichment that was tested on experimental group in 10 sessions. The control groups were not imposed on any variables. The research instruments were marital adjustment questionnaire.Finding: relationship enrichment is effective for couple’s compatibility, that include: marital satisfaction, marital solidarity, couples agreement, expression of love.Conclusion: Relationship enrichment increased the marital compatibility.

This study investigates the prevalence of academic procrastination among boys & girls students of Ahwaz payam- Noor University in the first term of 1387 – 1388 educational years & it has made a comparison from the aspect of academic procrastination among the male & female students. Among the population of 1200 students 155 boys &1045 girls selected randomly as the subjects of the study. According the questionnaire made by Karim Sevari consisted of 14 questions data were collected. Then the frequency & percent found out by the use of descriptive & inferential statistics. The results indicated that the rate of academic procrastination is 17.2 among the payam-noor students in Ahvaz. Moreover, the results indicated the rate of academic procrastination among male student, is 17.8 which is more than 17.03 among female student.

This study aimed at investigating the process of cognitive development of career aspirations among children. For this purpose, 179 students (85 girls and 94 boys) from 5 educational areas of Isfahan were selected using multi-stage sampling procedure. The method of data collection was semi-structural interview and data Analysis was done through descriptive analysis, variance analysis and paired t-test. The results showed that the difference in the career aspirations as well as the differences among different age groups and genders were significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, although in both genders the development of aspirations was progressive, the rate of development in girls was higher than boys.

The study’s aim was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention based on procrastination on enhancing academic performance and self-esteem among female students in Payam Noor University. So 30 female students regarding to excluding- including criteria were selected among volunteers and were assigned randomly into two groups (experimental and control group). Prior to and after instructing the sessions, all participants completed all items of procrastination and self-esteem questionnaires. Also the mean of the past academic term before intervention and the mean of the next academic term after intervention were collected on each student. Data analysis by using 16th version of SPSS and applying Ancova method revealed that cognitive- behavioral intervention based on procrastination could significantly decreases procrastination and increases self-esteem and academic performance among participants in experimental group in comparison to control group (p<0.05). So cognitive- behavioral intervention based on procrastination decreases procrastination and increases academic performance and self-Esteem by using reconstruction of cognition, mindfulness and behavioral methods such as time management.

This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem and self-efficacy with persuasion in educational managers. Population of this study consists of all educational managers of Islamic Azad University in Tehran, where 120 people (76 women and 44 men) were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In order to measure the self-esteem, Koper Smith test (1967) was used and to measure self-efficacy, general self-efficacy beliefs test was used. (Scherer et al, 1982) and the Persuasion was measured by applied intelligence Persuasion test (Sepah Mansour and Hooman, 1389). For data analysis, the Pearson correlation and Regression analysis were used. The results showed, there is a significant positive correlation between persuasion with self-esteem and persuasion with self- efficacy. (r=0.771, r=0.494). Also the results showed that 59% of the variance associated with the persuasion with self-esteem (R2=0.594) and 24% of the variance in self- efficacy whit persuasion (R2=0.244) can be explained. The results of the slope coefficients indicated that, in predicting persuasion, the share of self-esteem was more than self- efficacy. (b=0.70).

Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between Meta component of creativity and mental health in a nonclinical sample of students was conducted.Method: This study was performed with correlation and includes 400 samples of students from different fields of study Humanities, Engineering, Science and Agriculture, and Veterinary Sciences of Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch. Research tools include the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Form B-figural) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire.Result: Correlation and regression analysis of relations between creativity and signs of psychopathology suggests a negative relationship between them was significant. Two components fluency and originalityexplanatory46 to57 percent of the variance showed mental health. Creativity and mental health levels among the different disciplines. Department of Humanities of the other fields of creativity and mental health were higher.Conclusion: Findings indicated that creativity was a variable effect on the mental health field. So it can stimulate and strengthen the mental health help. Findings revealed a pattern of creative empowerment for students. This pattern applied in the form of training the mind and personality building is fluencing and originating. Causes the model to students of higher mental powers to deal with problem solving and adaptation are important. The result is students' education can promote mental health.