Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (3)|Papers Count:7

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of gestalt therapy and cognitive -behavioral therapy on assertiveness in middle school students. This study was a pre-posttest experimental design. By cluster sampling between schools in Sharyar two schools were selected randomly. After conducting Gambrel and Rigy Questionnaire, 30 students were selected and assigned to three groups randomly. 8 sessions of gestalt therapy were implemented for one group and 8 sessions of cognitive- behavioral therapy were implemented for another group. The control group received no intervention. ANCOVA and Post hoc LSD Test were applied to analyze data. ANCOVA showed significant differences between groups. Post hoc LSD Test showed significant difference between the control group and the gestalt therapy and between the control group and cognitive -behavioral therapy group(P£0.01), but there was no significant difference between the gestalt therapy and the cognitive- behavioral therapy group. Both gestalt therapy and cognitive- behavioral therapy had increased the assertiveness.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between internet addiction and anxiety in personality types A and B and investigate the predictive validity of these two variables and their interaction with gender in predicting internet addiction. Another goal of the study was to determine the effect of the type of university on internet addiction. The refore, 330 subjects (167, boys and 163girls) were randomly selected through multiphase cluster sampling from Urmia Universities. ther the Young internet addiction questionnaires, (1999) Najarean anxiety test (1378), and personality type test (kangy, 1380) were administered to the subjects. The results revealed that the personality type A subjects have more internet addiction than type B, individuals. But personality types A&B are not significant predictor of internet addiction. Anxiety scores were significant predictors of Internet addiction (p<0.005). The difference found between the rate of internet addiction in male students (2.85) and female students (8.14) was significant and the difference between students groups of five universities in their internet addiction was also signifieant (p<0.005). It is suggested that anxious individualswao use internet act cautiously. Lack of control of economic and social conditions of users were the limitations of this study.

Mindfulness as a base of psychological treatments is sustained monitoring of current conditions. The purpose of the presented study was to investige the relationship between mindfulness and sustained and selective attention. In this cross - sectional study, 40 students of Tehran University were selected. As the research tools, Stroop test, Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used. Findings showed that with reduction of error and reaction time, mindfulness is increased. This finding was significant for the reaction time of continuous performance Test. Based of the findings; mindfulness is not related to selective attention but is related to sustained attention. This could be interpreted that mindfulness is a continuing monitoring of current conditions.

The present study aimed of investigating the relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment of university of Isfahan professors. Therefore, 106 professors were randomly chosen out of 463 individuals for the sample. The Luthans et.al (2007) standard questionnaire was used to analyze the psychological capital. The reliability of this questionnaire was validated through Cronbach Alpha coefficient (0.77). The Allen and Meyer’s questionnaire was used to analyze the organizational commitment. The reliability of this questionnaire was validated through Cronbach Alpha coefficient (0.70) as well. Data analysis was done through concurrent regression in order to predict the effects of psychological capital components (self-efficiency, self-confidence, hopefulness, optimism and flexibility) on organizational commitment components (normative, continuance and affective commitment). The results of the study indicated that the hopefulness and self-efficiency/self-confidence variables could significantly predict the affective commitment (p<0.004). Also, the hopefulness and certainty variables could significantly predict the continuance commitment (p=0.001). Finally, the optimism, the self-efficiency/self-confidence and the flexibility variables could significantly predict the normative commitment (p=0.0001).

For years folk psychology groups have been undeniably circulated in Iran and bestseller books was about this issue. Most of the members have some distortion in relationship with others after finishing the period of group and they cannot show conformity with collective culture. Therefore by interpretationism approach this qualitative research tried to explore the participant's inter-subjectivities in one of the folk psychology groups (group B). In fact the purpose of this study was the exploration and recognition of dominant meaning in inter-subjectivity of members of this group. In this qualitative methodology, ethnographic method and case study method in analyzing the data were used. Firstly by analyzing the data numerous themes were explored and finally those themes were gathered in five main classes including humanism, rejection of teleological-oriented, rejection of dos and don'ts and the originality of attitude, sense pivotal and emotional encountering with cruelty. The results have shown that most participants' needs to attend these groups were because of family problems, purposelessness, hopelessness and distortion in relationships. Finally the most important feature in this group was that they tried to deny all dominant values, dos and don'ts.

The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between job demands, job control and job stress, positive affect and negative affect. The research method was correlational. Satistical population of the research was all personnel of Isfahan Petrochemical Company from which 151 persons were randomly selected via simple random technique. To gather data, the following three instruments were used: job demands and job control Questionnaire of Wall, Jackson and Mullarkey (1995), positive affect and negative affect Questionnaire of Molavi (1386), and Job Stress of Eliot (1994). The obtained data were analyzed via one group MANOVA and multiple regressions. The findings were as follows: The relationships of job demands with job stress (p<0.05) and positive affect (p<0.05) were significant. Also the relationships of job control with job stress (p<0.05), positive affect (p<0.05) and negative affect (p<0.05) were significant.

This study investigated the effect of cognitive group therapy on depression and educational performance improvement of martyr’s and altruistic shahed university students. This was a pretest-posttest type semi experimental study with the control group which was carried out in the academic year 2009-2010 on 20 of martyrs students of Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran branch. The sample were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the traiaing and the control group. 13 sessions of group treatments was carried out for the training group and no inter vention for the control group. The instruments included Beck Depression Inventoy and a short clinical interview on the basis of DSM-IV and the university grade point average. The collected data were evaluated using SPSS and two -way covariance analysis .Results showed that there was a significont (in depression and educational performance) difference between the training group (respectively 8.8 and 14.01) and control group (respectively 23.8 and 12.94), before and after the cognitive group therapy (p<0.0001).