PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCE QUARTERLY (PESSQ)
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

The present study attempts to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance and concurrent training on some cardiovascular factors in non-athlete male Frothy five students who (age=23.35±2.5) were participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group had two-sets of pyramidal resistance training, while the second experimental group had one-set. The protocol included aerobic training with 60-75% of maximum heart rate, three sessions a week for eight weeks. The control group continued their normal life at the period of study. Blood sample were taken before and after eight weeks while the subjects were fast. The findings showed that the eight weeks of resistance training didn't change LDL-C, TC and TG significantly, but it caused a significant increase in HDL-C. In addition, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG significantly differ in concurrent training group in comparison with control. We can conclude that, according to the results of this study, concurrent training was the best method for changing some cardiovascular factors.

In relation with burnout events, researchers believe that two importance factors to accrue it are personality facilities and social relations connection. The very past researches believe, organizational commitment is predict factors of burnout. The purpose of this study was comparing and investigation of relationship, organizational commitment and burnout between athletes and non-athletes staff. To this work we selected 290 people from work ministry staff randomly, that 113 people were athletes and 178 people were non-athletes. To find of range of organizational commitment used of Mayer, Allen questionnaire and to burnout used of Maslach questionnaire. The parts or organizational commitment are: emotional commitment, continuance commitment and normally commitment. the part of burnout are: emotional exhaustion, reduced feeling of personal accomplishment and depersonalization. The results use of questionnaires showed that, there weren't significant correlation between parts of burnout and organizational commitment in non-athletes. in other hands we observed significant correlation between emotional commitment and emotional exhaustion, continuance commitment and reduced feeling of personal accomplishment, normally commitment and depersonalization. The commitment organizational of athletes staff were more and their burnout were less than non-athletes, therefore suggested that managers attention to participate of staff in activity exercise.

The present study was carried out aiming at investigating the relation between sport managers' personality characters with their job satisfaction at sport structures in order to offer some suggestions in relation to electing and appointing appropriate and qualified managers for various sport structures. The R.Stertez & D. Brown Stein and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaires were employed for determining the sport managers' personality characters (success seeker, power seeker, need of dependence) respectively. The questionnaire specify was determined via collecting comments of the scholars and using internal equalization method and the sensitivity of the questionnaire were determined via Alpha Korenbach of the personality test and the occupational satisfaction test in amount of. And .01 respectively. The statistical sample comprised of 234 sport managers selected via stratified random sampling out of all managers employed at sport organizations, federations, committees and halls in Tehran. The results of studying 565 usable questionnaires indicated a direct and significant relation between the personality characters of power seeking and success seeking with job satisfaction of sport structures' managers although no significant relation was found between personality character of need of dependence and sport structure managers' job satisfaction. Also, no relation was found among variables of gender, age, educational level and nature of responsibility (organizational post) with level of job satisfaction, however, monthly salary and years of services showed significant relation with managers' satisfaction.

The aim of this Cross-Sectional study was to determine and compare of VO2max and concentration of serum Fibrinogen (Fib) and Homocysteine (Hcy) in selected groups of men (40-55 yrs). This analytical study was designed in three groups of subjects who were voluntarily participated, was based on NHIS and PA-R questionnaire, one as active men [age: 47.86±5.33 (yrs), BMI: 27.96±2.26 (kg/m2), nA=15] and the second as sedentary men [age: 43.53±4.34 (yrs), BMI: 26.26±2.96 (kg/m2), ns=15), and the other as men with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) [age: 48.13±5.85 (yrs), BMI: 26.44±2.34 (kg/m2), nc=15]. VO2 max (Active: 39.039±2.563, Sedentary: 32.647±3.056 and CAD: 30.378±4.275 mL.Kg-1.min-1)estimated was based on non-exercise prediction equation for VO2 max was developed by researchers at the university of Houston, using age, physical activity status and body mass index. Dependent variables included fasting serum concentration of Fib (Active: 287.866±51.568, Sedentary: 299.800±49.215 and CAD: 307.200±63.804 mg/dL) and Hcy (Active: 11.733±2.625, Sedentary: 12.400±3.869 and CAD: 11.966±5.111 mmol/L). Serum Hcy and Fib analysis with Enzyme Immunoassay and chronometric methods respectively, using biomerio full automated immunoanalyser. Data analysis with ANOVA (p£0.05) demonstrated that, inspite significant different of estimated VO2max between active and sedentary (p£0.001), active and CAD (p£0.001), but different of Hcy (p=0.898) and Fib (p=0.630) between three groups was not significant. Therefore physical activity has not any desirable effect on Hcy and Fib in this study.

The goal of this research is to determine the effect of Sodium Bicarbonate usage on some variables and blood gases and performance among runners at university. In this study, there were two conditions the runners experienced: experimental condition (using 300 ml. gr. of Sodium Bicarbonate for each klg. of body weight) and placebo condition (using 300 ml. gr. of Sodium Chloride for each klg. of body weight), the runners, also, ran on the treadmill on maximal performance and interval activity (one minute for six times– the last time, running a distance of 400 m). There were three stages of blood test at each trial session, on which 2 cc of blood sample were taken from the testee's forearm and the samples were tested. These three stages included Rest Stage (R), Post Placebo or Drug Usage Stage (PS) and Post-Activity Stage (PE). The goal of blood sampling was to determine and compare the selected blood variables such as Bicarbonate Ion (HCO3-), Lactate, PH, Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2) and Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2). Then, these variables were compared with other averages at similar stages of measurement (the meaningful level is considered as 0.05). The results of measuring blood selected variables showed that using Sodium Bicarbonate in experimental test caused a meaningful increase at variables of HCO3- and PCO2. It indicated the increase in tympanic capacity of extra cellular environment. It predicted that this factor will cause increase in maximal performance of the athletes. At the stage of post-activity, the HCO3- decreased meaningfully and also, there were a meaningful increase in PCO2, PH decrease became modified, too but it wasn't meaningful. There was a meaningful increase in Lactate at the post-activity stage. It wasn't a meaningful increase comparing with the two groups. PO2 changed meaningfully between post usage stage (PS) and post activity one (PE), it decreased at post-activity stage (PE), that decrease was less at experimental group. In measuring the record of 400m running at Bicarbonate group, it modified meaningfully which showed more activity in experimental group rather than placebo one. It seems that Sodium Bicarbonate can modify the performance and record among the runners, so, it is recommended that Sodium Bicarbonate usage is a supporting, effective, energetic factor especially in studies benefited from maximal performance and interval activity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing breathing process resistance during aerobic training on time to exhaustion (TTE) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of non athletic subjects. Eighteen untrained male students were selected voluntary for this study and they were divided in two experimental group. The two groups accomplished aerobic training with 70– 80% of HRmax for 4 weeks, 3 session per week. Experimental group 1performed aerobic training with elastic strap on chest wall (in order to induce overload in breathing process) but experimental group 2 performed aerobic alone. Bruce treadmill protocol and a constant treadmill protocol were used to measurement of RPE and TTE, respectively. Dependent and independent t student test used for data analyzes. Results shown that induce overload in breathing process with elastic strap during aerobic training had statistical effect on RPE of 3th and 6th minute of Bruce protocol in non athletic subjects but had not statistical effect RPE of 9th and 12th minute of Bruce protocol and TTE of this subjects. Generally, the results of this study shown that use of elastic strap for enforcement of respiratory muscle during aerobic training had statistical effect on early stage of untrained students in compared to aerobic training solely.

Customer-Oriented Management - a management philosophy or state-of-mind in which it is recognized that the effective and efficient satisfaction of customer needs and wants provides the surest means of achieving the organization's own goals. The purpose of the present research was to do a study on the Customer-oriented Management in the National Olympic and Paralympic Academy of IRAN (NOPA). The study was descriptive and the research tool was a questionnaire. It was composed under the supervision of the academic advisors and then was tested and validated by sport management faculty. Therefore, the calculated questionnaire's internal consistency showed a robust Cronbach's alpha (0.78). The study results have shown that there is a significant difference among the centers of NOPA in terms of customer-oriented management as well as among coaches, managers, athletes, and men and women. Furthermore, there was a significant difference among the elements (Education, Planning, Human Resource, Sport Training Facilities, and Advertising) of the Customer-oriented Management from the clients' perspective.

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of the course on the mental health and its subtle (9 subtle).subjects consist of 240 boys of the Kurdistan universities students that were selected from the courses randomly (each group 80).The scl-90 R questionnaire was used to measured the mental health and its subtle developed by DRAGOTIS (1998).By using the ANOVA the findings showed that the mental health of physical education group and medical science group in all mental health and its subtle variables except paranoia were better than the sciences group. The SCHAFFEE showed that the different between the physical education and science group was significantly (p<0.05).The finding considered that the kind of course may have effects on mental health and its subtle, but more researches are needed.