JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2022 | Volume:24 | Issue:5 (120)|Papers Count:10

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functions of salutogenic leadership style in oil companies with a focus on green energy acceptance. Material and Methodology: In this research, which is considered as a methodology of development and composition, an attempt was made to identify the components of salutogenic leadership function by relying on meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis processes in the qualitative part of the research. This research is considered a methodology of development and composition. An attempt was made to identify the components of salutogenic leadership function by relying on meta-combination and Delphi analysis processes in the qualitative part of the research. Then, in a Quantitative part, interpretive ranking analysis can be used to identify the most effective function of salutogenic leadership to evaluate green energy acceptance. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 18 specialists and experts in the field of management at the university level, and in the quantitative section, the participation of 24 managers of companies operating in oil companies who had both knowledge and experience were experienced. The basis for sample selection was the use of the homogeneous method. Findings: The results showed that of based on the pair scale among the research components, the percentage of strategic follower's component has a more effective role in green energy acceptance than other components of the salutogenic leadership function. Discussion and Conclusion: This acceptance means that to streamline the acceptance of green energy based on the approach of salutogenic leadership function at the level of oil companies, the role of normalizing values in line with leadership approaches can be very effective. In other words, strategic followers understand the performance of leadership and try to move in the direction of strategic development in terms of green energy development.

Background and Objective: Today, tourism and its development have attracted for of many societies and governments and are now one of the most profitable sectors of the global economy. Mazandaran Province is one of the provinces that annually accept many tourists nationally and internationally. The existence of suitable climate, pristine natural resources, forests and the Caspian Sea have natural and valuable potential to upgrade this. Material and Methodology: In this research, the potentials and capabilities of ecotourism development in Shash Rudbar region, located in Savadkuh city of Mazandaran province, were performed using descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The questionnaire was prepared and completed by local people and experts from the Tourism and Library Department. Then, using the combined strategy of strategic analysis of SWOT and the QSPM strategic planning model, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats were prepared and prioritized. Ultimately, ecotourism development strategies were developed in the region. Findings: The results showed that in the study area there are 28 strengths and opportunities as facilities and advantages and 19 weaknesses and threats as constraints and bottlenecks and indicate the high ability of the region to develop ecotourism and attract tourists. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the matrix table of the SWOT model and the total weighting factor of each of the strategies, it follows that aggressive strategies (SO) that focus more on internal strengths and external opportunities as optimal strategies In the development of tourism industry in the area of six Roodbar should be considered.

Background and Objective: With the advancement of technology, there has been an increase in energy consumption. For example, in hot and dry climates, where the amount of heat and sunlight is high during the day, it causes too much sunlight to enter the interior and increases the temperature, which increases the consumption of cooling energy. Fixed sun shading in this climate can greatly reduce cooling energy consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify different types of fixed external sun shading devices and finally select the best of them in terms of performance to optimize energy consumption in hot and dry climates. Material and Methodology: The research method is quantitative and simulation-modeling. The data collection tool for the theoretical foundations section is library and documentary. In this way, the fixed sun shading devices are modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin. After that, the climate of Yazd, which is hot and dry, has been selected for energy analysis by the Ladybug Tools 1. 1. 0 in a Grasshopper environment in order to achieve a suitable type of fixed external sun shading devices in hot and dry climates. Thermal analyzes have been performed in Ecotect software. Findings: The results of the present research show that the geometric, eggcrate and horizontal shading devices have the best performance in terms of optimizing energy consumption. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, considering that geometric shading devices are very similar to the shading devices in traditional Iranian architecture, it can be concluded that proper innovation by preserving the principles and avoiding blind imitation of the past can be desirable and economical solutions to the problems of the present age.

Background and Objective: Regarding the fact that industrial symbiosis networks can both help the state's environment and contribute to sustainable development through considering economic and social issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the causal relationships between the create triggers and the application of industrial symbiosis in two industrial towns of Tabriz. Material and Methodology: The method of research is descriptive and based on the purpose of the research, it is an applied one. The statistical sample of the study includes 256 active companies in Shahid Salimi and Shahid Rajaee industrial towns. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. The first one was designed to identify the create triggers and the application of industrial symbiosis,moreover, the second one was developed to determine the causal relationships between the triggers. Research questionnaires were given to the managers of the sample companies. A single-sample t-test and a fuzzy DEMATEL method were used to analyze data. Findings: Research results show that top management support and information sharing among participants are the most influential factors,besides institutional support and awareness of the concepts are considered as the factors of the most influential factors. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that in order to create industrial coexistence in the industrial towns of the country, the first steps should be to increase the supportive management and information sharing among the industrial partners.

Background and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain and contact to its high concentrations (> 100 ppm) can result in pulmonary edema, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important for environment the removing of the pollutant from air. The aim of this study has been the removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method. Material and Methodology: In this work, it has been investigated the removal of NO2 gas by adsorption on different natural adsorbents including eggshell, eucalyptus bark, fennel seed, pine leaf, tea waste, and wheat straw. It was also studied the effect of some experimental conditions including adsorbent column length and initial NO2 amount on the adsorption percentage. Findings: The most desirable adsorption percentage obtained with adsorbent column length 50 cm and initial NO2 amount 6. 3 mmol. In addition, Fennel seed and eggshell can adsorb 96. 8 and 92. 1% of NO2 gas in the optimum conditions, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the used adsorbents, the most appropriate adsorbents are fennel seed and eggshell for the adsorption process. In addition, it was correlated the equilibrium data with the adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura and the results showed that Harkin-Jura isotherm describes the experimental results better than the other isotherms.

Background and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexes that do not fit the conditions of the users has caused people to be dissatisfied with their place of residence, which occurs in children in the form of psychological problems. Therefore, in designing residential complexes, paying attention to children's satisfaction is essential. In the present study, the identification and comparison of effecting indices in children's satisfaction with residential complexes disaggregated by gender is considered. Material and Methodology: This study is a developmental research which has been done using mixed (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative method. The statistical population includes children aged 11-15 years living in residential complexes of Kaj, Karimabad and Aramesh newly built townships located in Tonekabon city. For a comparative evaluation, 100 girls and 100 boys were selected as the sample. After conducting theoretical studies and interviews with children, a theoretical framework was developed and two closed-ended and Likert scale questionnaires in the field of life satisfaction and important components of housing were used to collect information. Findings were analyzed using SPSS. 19 software and Pearson, Friedman and TStudent correlation tests. Findings: Physical (neighboring unit and residential unit), environmental and individual indices based on the concrete and mental dimensions of the environment were identified with impact factors of 50. 06, 6. 9, 6. 45 and 4. 00, respectively. Boys and girls disagreed only in the components of recreational, sports and games and also the components of welfare, service, cultural and commercial with averages of 3. 45, 3. 36 and 2. 66, 2. 75, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there are very slight differences between the opinions of children in two sexes and the concrete-neighboring unit index has the greatest impact on their satisfaction. Therefore, designing the factors such as: suitable facade, yard, green space and various vegetation, environmental elements and furniture, open spaces, friendly and collective spaces, etc. is recommended.

Background and Objective: Reducing environmental pollution and selecting sustainable suppliers can lead to improving the stability situation and reducing the risk of supply chain disruption. The purpose of this study was to design a model for selecting stable resilient suppliers in the supply chain of Shahid Ghandi Company with intuitive fuzzy AHP approach. Material and Methodology: The present research is an applied-developmental goal in terms of collecting descriptive information and in terms of the nature of data. The present study consists of two main parts. In the first part, using research literature, the criteria for selecting a stable resilient supplier were identified. To obtain the indicators, after reviewing the theoretical literature of the research, 76 indicators were identified for evaluation of sustainable supplier and 50 indicators for evaluation of resilient supplier, which after four stages of supply chain experts in Shahid Ghandi factories using Delphi model method Finally, 15 suitable indicators for sustainability and 15 suitable indicators for resilience were identified, then a questionnaire was distributed among the employees in the supply chain of Shahid Ghandi Company and based on 136 questionnaires, the model of selecting a resilient sustainable supplier Confirmatory factor analysis method was approved and then intuitive fuzzy AHP method was used to select the supplier. Findings: Sustainability indices were classified into three sections: economic, social and environmental, as well as resilience indices in three sections: absorption capacity, adaptive capacity and restorative capacity. It was spread among experts. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that priority is given to economic indicators, absorption capacity, remedial capacity, adaptive capacity, social and environmental, respectively, and finally suppliers were prioritized. Also, among the sub-indicators, cost and quality are the most important They were.

Background and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters.

Background and Objective: Due to the rapid growth of cities and increasing urbanization in recent decades, urban runoff and flood damage is one of the most important and fundamental issues in the field of urban management. The purpose of this study is in the first part,Quantitative simulation of floods caused by rainfall for region 4 of Tehran for the years 1349-1396 using the SWMM model. Material and Methodology: The simulation was performed for six-hour showers with 2, 5 and 10 year return periods for 12 hours. In this research, two projects of the best management strategies (BMP) under the garden and green roof climate scenario and a combination of both scenarios to control the maximum runoff in terms of quantity and finally their efficiency in reducing the total volume of runoff out of the basin, is studied. In the second part,Evaluation and analysis of resilience caused by urban floods in the 9 districts of Tehran's 4th district in four dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional and physical. This section is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of survey and descriptive-analytical methods. The statistical population of the study is the total citizens of Region 4, of which the sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. According to the obtained results, the third scenario (combining the first and second scenarios) will have the greatest impact on reducing the flow depth and flow rate in the entire surface water collection network. Findings: Findings of the research in the field of resilience assessment and analysis showed that District 5, District 4 of Tehran is the most desirable district and District 1 and District 8, 4 are the most undesirable in terms of resilience against urban floods. Discussion and Conclusion: Districts 4 and 9 are ranked last in terms of resilience-cultural, economic, managerial-institutional), which indicates that this area is weak in some cases, which is to reduce the level of vulnerability. to be noticed.

Although today we see the protection and protection of the environment is very important and a manifestation of legal protection for it, but environmental claims in our country have not yet found their separate place. The fifth principle of the constitution and other laws protecting the environment in the context of their own, but have not been crystallized with the operation of the legal system of liability and litigation support private approach. This research is adorned with up-to-date library resources and in the form of Descriptive-analytical notes and the role of the pen. In line with the present study, it is intended to discuss the claims of private individuals and therefore we want to explain the current situation of the position of private litigants in environmental lawsuits by answering the question "What is the power of private individuals to claim and sue in accordance with the legal framework? " With this description, in this study, by explaining the position of the private plaintiff, the compensation frameworks as well as the role of the competent authorities in resolving the dispute have been examined and the private stakeholder as a plaintiff can file a lawsuit against the government.