JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2022 | Volume:24 | Issue:4 (119)|Papers Count:10

Background & Objectives: LARG supply chain is a combination of four supply chains: lean, agile, resilient and green. Each type of supply chain has its own requirements that may conflict with other supply chain requirements. The study seeks to identify the types of risks facing the LARG supply chain. Material and Methodology: The present study has a positive nature in terms of philosophical foundations due to the use of quantitative methods. From the orientation point of view, the research has an applied approach and its methodology is multiple. The statistical population of the study is the experts of the supply chain of the automotive industry who are selected using a judgmental method for sampling. In this study, two methods of fuzzy Delphi and best-worst were used to analyze the data. Findings: Initially, 41 risks were identified through literature and interviews with experts. In the following, these 41 risks are presented in the form of 13 main risks. Each of these risks is related to a specific supply chain. These risks were then screened by fuzzy Delphi and 25 risks were excluded. The remaining risks were prioritized using the BWM. The results showed that the risks of financing problems, production planning, changing customer demands and weakness of processes and recycling technology have the highest priority in each component of the LARG supply chain. Discussion and Conclusion: Diversifying financing tools, using new marketing methods and having a team approach in product development, paying attention to trends affecting future consumer behavior and examining changes in customers' buying behavior are the most important suggestions.

Background & Objectives: Todays, tourism is one of the significant components of economic and social development in many regions in the world. Despite of high diversity of natural and cultural resources, Iran doesn’, t find its real rule in indoor and inbound tourism. Sepidan County in Fars province is not excluded from this fact. Therefore, the present study conducted to investigate the human factors affecting tourism in this city. Material and Methodology: In this research, affective human internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) on tourism in this region were provided on the basis of framework of SWOT method. These affective factors were questioned from experts in Likert scale. These answers were analyzed by structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) to survey rule of opportunities and threats on strengths and weaknesses of tourism. Findings: In according to results, 50 percent of changes in strengths were determined by other factors and 30 percent of tourism weaknesses by opportunities and threats. In the model, rule of external opportunities factor on internal strength factor was positive and significance (p < 0. 01), also the effect of external threats factor on internal weaknesses factor was positive and significance (p < 0. 05) and there weren’, t significant path between other factors in this model. Discussion and Conclusion: Tourism in studied area according to the significant effects of external factors on internal factors is in aggressive and defensive positions. Using the new statistical methods like Partial least squares (PLS) helps to determine strategies for the future and guide direction of management actions with more evidence.

Background & Objectives: PM2. 5 concentration has become a public concern in cities due to its harmful effects on human health. In this study, due to the importance of air pollution, the effect of urban traffic conditions on the emission of urban air pollutants (PM2. 5) was studied using geographic weight regression model (GWR) and IDW interpolation method. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, concentration of PM2. 5 in 2019 was collected from 9 air pollution monitoring stations of Isfahan Municipality and population data and traffic in the city were collected and entered into the model. Interpolation IDW method was used for preparing seasonal air pollutants dispersion maps. After performing geographical weight regression on the model parameters and in order to evaluate the validity of the model, the RMSE parameter was used, which is obtained from the difference between the actual value of the concentration and the predicted value and indicates the predictive power of the model. Finally, R2 values were calculated and Moran's index was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation test. Findings: After performing geographical weight regression on the model parameters, in order to evaluate the validity of the model, the value of R2 was calculated and the Moran index was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation test. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the amount of R2=0. 75 for PM2. 5, a direct correlation has been shown between this pollutant and independent variables, especially in the summer. The Moran index results showed that the GWR model was a good model for investigating the spatial temporal pattern of suspended particles.

Background and Objective: Intermediate spaces have a two-dimensional nature with the aim of connecting, communicating and having multiple concepts and meanings. It becomes both a process and a product. The effect of the middle space on the spatial continuity of architectural and urban elements in Iran is the peak of Iranian architectural art in the construction and spatial organization of architectural and urban complexes, how to connect the metropolitan scale to the middle scale of the neighborhood and finally link it with the micro scale. This is made possible by the proper identification and organization of intermediate elements across a wide range of scales. Material and Methodology: Since mosques are one of the most important pillars of the identity of the Islamic city and as a collective place and on the other hand one of the aspects of dynamic relationships and interactions of the mosque is the spatial features of architecture and its type of relations and spatial arrangement. Intermediate spaces in the mass-space system and how it deals with the organization of the collective performance of mosques. Findings: Data collection, activity tracking and fieldwork techniques in three mosques in Qazvin have been studied. In order to investigate the role and position of the middle space from a structural and geometric point of view, the theory of space syntax with depthmap10 software has been used quantitatively using spatial arrangement indicators. The above method was used, so for the accuracy of syntax data, correlation is analyzed through a questionnaire and Spss22 statistical software. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings and results of the study indicate that,Existence of middle spaces causes spatial separation, territory in different areas in the mosque, which has an optimal effect on the functional organization of public spaces, so that the territory of privacy is responsible for the sense of user interaction, which can attract more people to the mosque.

Background & Objectives: Eco-friendly technologies refers to goods and services, laws, strategies and policies that reduce or eliminate damage to the environment or ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of the role of IoT management as environmentally friendly technologies in expanding and improving business. Material and Methodology: This study is descriptive-analytical and was conducted in 2021. The data collection tool in this study was using a questionnaire. The sample size of this research is 385 people, most of whom are between 30 and 39 years old. In the present study, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were obtained as 0. 82 and 0. 86, respectively. To analyze the data in this research, SPSS version 21 statistical software and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential onesample T-test methods were used. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between the Internet of Things network model and ecosystem participation (P<0. 05). Also, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the interactions of e-commerce ecosystems (P<0. 05). Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the interactions of e-commerce ecosystems using the environment-friendly Internet of Things architecture.

Background & Objectives: Locating to develop infrastructures and sensitive applications is one of the preconditions for achieving sustainable development. In this study, using a multi-criteria decision making model and the capabilities of the GIS, a spatial model is developed for the development of various industrial groups in the province of Alborz. Material and Methodology: In this study, the criteria and indicators affecting the development of industries identified by reviewing the references and expert opinions. Then, using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis, the weight of each of the criteria and indicators was determined using the weight the obtained data are based on a linear relationship between the map of areas susceptible to industrial development in the region. In order to the fuzzy hierarchy TOPSIS method used to identify the areas for the development of each the industrial groups. Findings: The results of this study show that among the three groups of environmental, economic and social criteria, environmental criteria have the highest weight in relation to industrial development. Also, the results showed that the highest potential in relation to the development of industrial groups in the Alborz province is related to food and agriculture industries. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, using efficient fuzzy decision-making models to address the defects of other decision-making methods. Analysis of the results shows that in many parts of the province of Alborz, there is no development of industries. The most limitation for development of industries in Alborz province is related to environmental criteria and indicators.

Background and Objective: Selecting a suitable site for construction and demolition waste management facilities, is one of the critical decision-making issues, which requires a comprehensive evaluation. The high amount of construction and demolition waste produced compared to the total production of waste makes it absolutely necessary to determine suitable sites for landfilling this type of waste. The objective of this study is to present the methodology to select a suitable site for this kind of waste. Material and Methodology: There are three steps in evaluating the sites in this research. In the first step, after determining the effective factors and determining their weight by the Eigenvector Method and hierarchically, the studied areas were evaluated with 28 criteria in a fuzzy method by geographic information system (GIS). In the second step, the suggested areas by GIS, by 7 other criteria were rated by the use of FVIKOR and the score of each area was found. In the third step Final rating of sites were done by two criteria (the achieved scores of GIS and the achieved scores of the FVIKOR method). Findings The final weight of evaluation criteria by GIS and FVIKOR methods was 0. 86 and 0. 14, respectively, and 21 places were ranked in three steps. Discussion and Conclusion: The approach used in this study is using (GIS) and fuzzy logic, considering the weight and relative importance of each criterion and use a suitable method for rating that increases accuracy and reliability of assessment.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study, is to design a structural model of management of green human resources on the foundation of human being management system that offers for the first time in the green human management’, s literature. Material and Methodology: In this study first the most important factors of vital cases which cause the success in management derived. Then, these factors were given to 150 experts of Keshavarzi bank of Ardabil province by questionnaire. After the gathering questionnaire, preliminary dials with the use of analyses stand in four elements. With the help of structural-explanatory model and asking from 10 virtuosos of agricultural bank of Ardabil province these factors analyzed and relationship between these variables discovered. Findings: The results of interpretive structural modeling on the four factors involved in the implementation of green human resource management show that the factor of green thinking and the environmental management factor have weak influence and weakness. Human resource management factor has weak influence but high dependence and green movement factor with high influence and low dependence. Results show that, the green move factors in the green human resource management in agricultural bank of Ardabil province was vital and must be in the first grade. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that approved variables were categorized into four factors of human resource management, environmental management, green thinking, green movement (Green Initiatives include Green Thinking and Green Movement). The results also show that green movement factors and green thinking have the most impact on other factors, respectively, and human resource management and environmental management variables are most influenced by other factors.

Background and Objective: Identifying the obstacles and challenges facing the implementation of participatory management in Tehran Municipality and being aware of the harms and dealing with them in an academic and compassionate way can facilitate the institutionalization of the goals of participatory management and knowledge-based development at the level of the administrative system of the country's municipalities. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying and implementing the challenges of participatory green space management in Tehran Municipality. Material and Methodology: In this project, the opinions of experts extracted and categorized. The final research model was developed using the classical Delphi technique. The members of the Delphi panel consisted of ten green space experts from Tehran Municipality, District 4, who participated in the research process using purposive sampling. Atlas ti win 7 and SPSS win18 software used to process information and analyze statistical data. Findings: In this research, the qualitative study of barriers and challenges to participatory green space management, barriers and challenges classified into six components of organizational structural barriers, managerial barriers, individual barriers, legal executive barriers, organizational culture barriers and time. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in the structural-organizational barriers section, the level of transparency expected by managers from employees is not clear and in the organizational culture barriers section, the lack of citizen participation is the most important challenges and obstacles to implementation. Participatory management system of green space in Tehran Municipality.

Background and Objective: Water lakes and reservoirs of dams in temperate regions in some seasons due to changes in climatic conditions undergo thermal stratification. This phenomenon can change the qualitative factors of water. Therefore, studying about thermal stratification and its time can provide a suitable pattern for water quality management and even monitoring. This research was carried out with the aim of determining temperature changes at different levels of water and heat model of NO. 1 Zabol Chahnime Reservoir for optimal management of this valuable resource. Material and Methodology: The descriptive-analytical study was conducted through determining sampling station and monthly water harvesting from 8 different water depths (from the surface to the depth of 15 meters) from October 2015 to October 2016. Along with temperatures, TDS, EC, DO and PH factors were also investigated at different depths of reservoir. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was used to interpret the data set. Findings: The thermal stratification in NO. 1 Zabol Chahnime Reservoir starts early in the spring of May, and lasts for almost 6 months from about every year until early November. This phenomenon is most severe in mid-summer and July. Stratification with the onset of the autumn season is lost due to climate change and the tank is homogeneous. Discussion and Conclusion: Qualitative factors of Chah Nimeh No. 1 changed under the influence of thermal stratification in different seasons, but their overall average was appropriate according to global standards,and the reservoir water had a drinkable application. In line with the qualitative management of this reservoir, it should be noted that water harvesting from various water levels provided different qualities in spring and summer, but the water quality at different depths of lake was almost the same in the fall and winter.