Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Purpose: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of spinal column which is associated with the lateral curvature and rotation of the vertebras. Brace can decrease and prevent the progression of deformity, however, there is no information about the effect of brace on muscle fibers length in these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the kinetics and kinematics variables of lower limbs and trunk during walking in patients with idiopathic scoliosis compared to healthy subjects.Methods: Five girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2 subjects have right and 3 subjects have left apex curve) with mean age, height and weight of 12.68±1.16 m, 1.53±0.08 kg and 35.6±6.1 m, respectively and 5 healthy girls with the same age and weight participated in this study. Qualysis motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to record kinematic (joints range of motion) and kinetic (peak of muscle moment, joint contact forces and muscle length) data. Qualysis and Open-SIM software were used to extract the data. All data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 software at a=0.05.Results: The fiber length of external oblique muscle in scoliosis patients was shorter in right (a =0.02) and left (a =0.02) sides by 4 and 18 mm, respectively. The hip range of motion in frontal plane was lower in patients with idiopathic scoliosis by 6.5 deg (a=0.01). Pelvis rotation was also lower in horizontal plane by 9.8 deg compared to the normal group (a=0.04).Conclusion: There were no significant differences between kinetic, kinematic and joint contact forces in normal group and patients with idiopathic scoliosis and in convex and concave side of patients. Maybebrace could reduce pelvis and trunk range of motion, prevents the progression of curvature, and balances the forces applied on the joints and muscle fibers length in this patients. The rehabilitation interventions should be done in order to increase the fiber length of external oblique muscle both in convex and concave sides.

Purpose: To investigate the refractive error and visual field abnormalities in high school students with hearing loss problems of Tehran, Iran.Methods: In this cross sectional study sixty-four eyes were tested for visual fields and refractive error. All individuals had intelligence quotient (IQ) of more than 70 using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised (WISC-R). Status of hearing loss was classified based on the severity and time of onset. We investigated their visual fields to measure Foveal Threshold (FT), Mean Deviation (MD) and status of Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT) by using Humphrey field analyzer automated perimetry.Results: Our investigation in students with hearing loss showed the high amount of anomaly in visual field in comparison with normal ones. The results demonstrated that profound hearing loss was noted in 50% of them Congenital and acquired hearing loss were seen in 57 (89.1%) and 7 (10.9%) subjects, respectively. Frequency of abnormal VF based on the GHT, MD and FT in hearing loss were 31.2%, 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. All types of abnormal visual fields such as FT،MD and status of GHT were not associated with the type and severity of hearing loss. Frequency of early defect was 26.6% which was the largest frequency of visual field defect in deaf students. None of the abnormal factors like FT, GHT and MD has a relationship with type and severity of hearing loss in deaf people. The most frequent refractive error type was hyperopia with astigmatism (37.5%) and the least one was patients with myopia (9.4%). Only 12.5% of hearing loss students had corrected distance visual acuity less than 10.10.Conclusion: The larger frequency of foveal threshold defects observed in children with hearing loss than the other visual field defects. We concluded that a deaf boy is at greater risk of visual filed abnormalities than hearing boys.

Purpose: Screening is a method for differentiating abnormality from normal population. In different studies of school age children, there are different cases of hearing loss and middle ear abnormalities. Considering the effects of hearing loss and middle ear abnormality in children, this study has evaluated several methods of hearing screening.Methods: A total of 1160 (n=2320 ears) 7 to 11 years old children screened in school with case history, otoscopy and audiometry. Also, 269 individuals (538 ears) were assessed with tympanometry.Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 8.69 and 1.26, respectively. The results of case history and audiometry were normal in 99% of all subjects, however, there were more abnormal findings (5 to 10%) in otoscopy and tympanometry. This result shows a high ratio of middle ear abnormality in school age children.Conclusion: This study showed low amount of hearing loss in school age children because of infant hearing screening and school entry screening program. However, there were higher amount of middle ear abnormality. Using the otoscopy and tympanometry for detecting these abnormalities is suggested.

Purpose: Information from proprioception receptors has an important role in joint stability and neuromuscular control. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immediate effect of balance training on ankle joint proprioception in soccer players in twice league of Iran.Methods: In a semi-experimental study that 28 male soccer players in twice league of Iran were selected and randomly divided into two groups; training and control groups (each group has 14 members). First TRN group warmed-up for 5 minutes then they start training program with balance board and wobbly boards for 10 minutes. The error angle of ankle joint proprioception in two target angles (inversion and eversion 10, 15 degree ankle) measured by goniometer before and after the exam. Paired and independent T-tests were used to analyze the data and significance level was set on 0.05. (p≤0.05).Results: The findings showed significant differences in mean TRN and CTL groups in error angle of ankle joint proprioception in inversion and eversion 10, 15 degree ankle.Conclusion: Balance training improves ankle joint proprioception of soccer players therefore soccer players and soccer couches are suggested to use these trainings in warm up before match and exercise for decrease the chance of injury.

Purpose: Visual functions are one of the most important factors influencing daily activities of an individual life. Some medications, however, may affect visual function. Methadone is one of the medications used in drug withdrawal both in detoxification and maintenance stages. Evaluation of visual functions in response to continuous use of methadone is essential to increase our understanding of the methadone effects and improve visual care in these patients, which is the goal of the present study.Methods: In this case control study, 30 drug addicts admitted to drug withdrawal clinics with mean age of 40.97±9.90 years were divided into two groups. The case group (with methadone consumption of more than six months) contains 20 addicts and control group (with individuals who has just entered the maintenance stage of drug withdrawal) contains 10 addicts. Several visual function examinations performed: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and stereopsis.Results: In this study, no significant differences were found between groups in static visual acuity and visual field. Contrast sensitivity in 3(p=0.03), 6(p=0.001), and 18(p=0.00003) cycle per degree frequencies were statistically significant between groups. Stereopsis also reduced in response to prolonged use of methadone (p=0.04). Also, refractive errors in control group were 1D more minus compared to the case group.Conclusions: Because methadone is used for a long period of time in the maintenance stage of the drug withdrawal, problems caused by this medicine must be considered and necessary visual care in this field should be provided.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the anatomical alignment difference of the hip and knee in elite male runners with and without medial tibial stress syndrome.Methods: The study population comprised 70 elite male runners, who were divided into two groups with medial tibial stress syndrome and control group. Variables including genu varum and genu valgum (IM-IC index), knee hyper extension, Q angle, femoral anteversion, hip internal rotation and hip external rotation of the runners were measured. Data was analyzed by independent t test by SPSS statistical software version 18.Results: Results showed significant differences between mean knee hyper extension (3.51±2.33) (6.0±2.62), femoral anteversion (14.38±2.52) (16.7 2.87) and hip external rotation (33.15±6.25) (30.50±6.23) between two groups (p<0.05). Therefore, amount of knee hyperextension and femoral anteversion in the group of MTSS is more and runners with MTSS are limited ROM hip external rotation. Additionally, there is no significant differences in the means of index IM-IC (1.98± 3.30) (1.90± 2.94), Q angle (10.7± 3.90) (11.6± 3.20) and hip internal rotation (31.8± 5.6) (32.3± 5.98) between two groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study probably genu recurvatum, increased femoral anteversion and decreased hip external rotation is effective and considered risk factors in the occurrence of medial tibia stress syndrome, which can be the timely detection of abnormalities and early intervention may prevent the occurrence of the damage.

Abstract Purpose: Development of information technology in educational field has led to extended application of new methods of training and learning in various universities. Implementation of e-learning projects in Iran universities and evaluation of prerequisites and learner readiness to actively participate in e-learning environment require extensive studies in this regard. Accordingly, this research was conducted to evaluate the students' readiness to use of E-learning system in Zabol University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This descriptive, analytic study was performed with cross-sectional manner in 2014-2015. Research populations were students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences that 300 persons of them were selected using classified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire that designed by the researchers. After collecting data, they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS statistical software.Results: The results of this study showed that the average of readiness indicators to use of e-learning were respectively in dimension of “access to technology” 10.92, “continuous skills and communications” 32.86, “motivation” 9.52, “the ability to learn via media” 11.17, “internet group negotiations”10.77, and “important issues to the success of e-learning” 18.23. Also, there was a significant relationship between the students’ readiness and their education grade (p=0.03).Conclusion: According to the present findings, lack of technology infrastructures to use e-learning materials led to only 32.3% of students have a good evaluating grade. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to implement and effectively use of e-learning technology, we must be improved the various dimensions examined in this study.

Purpose: ASD engenders a lot of problems for children. Social initiation-response is one of these problems having significant effects on children’s developmental skills. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of joint attention training on the degree of social initiation-response of children with ASD.Methods: The population of the study included all children with ASD in the City of Isfahan. Since the present study was to find specific or non-normal cases, the purposive sampling method was used. Accordingly, three children aged under 6 years old with symptoms of ASD were selected as subjects. The research instruments were the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale and Validation of the Behavioral Assessment of Social Interaction in Young Children (BASYC). In the present study, the single-subject research with A-B design and follow-up was employed.Results: Mean scores for the three subjects in the baseline state as 39.95, 40.77, and 40.37 reached 51.05, 50.05, and 50.37 in the intervention state. During visual analysis of charts of data, intervention in the three subjects was effective. The PND in the two baseline and intervention for the three participants were 70%, 90%, and 90% respectively. This effectiveness can be observed in the intervention state.Conclusion: Regarding the obtained results, it can be judged that joint attention training is an appropriate method for improving social initiation-response in children with ASD and it can be used in educational and health centers of children with ASD.

Purpose: Mycobacterium marinum is a free living acid fast bacterium which classified as atypical mycobacterium and causes a cutaneous lymphatic disease called Fish tank or swimming pool granuloma. This agent is the inhabitant of swimming pools, home aquaria and animals living inside salt or fresh water. In this case series study seven patients with fish tank granuloma are presented.Case presentation: During 3 months (2016), three people who had cutaneous lymphatic lesions on their extremities were referred to parasitology laboratory of Emam Reza Hospital and special clinics. All of the individuals were clinically examined by dermatologists and introduced to the laboratory with primary diagnosis of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Of these 2 individuals were male and 1 was female. All of the patients had history of direct contact with fish. Direct Giemsa stained smear and consequently, Ziehl- Neelsen stained smear and culture on Lowenstein- Jensen medium was performed for each individual. The results showed that all of Giemsa stained smears were negative for Leishmania spp., but the result of Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears were positive for Mycobacterium spp. The egg yolk like colonies grown on culture, confirmed Mycobacterium marinum infection.Conclusion: Fish tank granuloma is an emerging sporadic skin disease in Mashhad. Skin lesions are similar to cutaneous Leishmaniasis especially sporotrichotic form. Patients with skin lesions who have previous history of contact with aquarium water, manipulating fish or swimming inside fresh water pools should be considered for fish tank granuloma.

Purpose: Optimal use of time can result in growth and development for children and adolescents. Knowing about impacts of time use on child development and characteristics can help families and responsible organization to plan time management, hence preventive and intervention strategies. The goal of the present study was to explore the relationship between the pattern of time use and individual characteristics, growth and development of the children and adolescents based on the levels of international classification functioning, disabilities and handicap.Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted based on articles published from 2005 to 2015. Keywords included in the search were: "time use", “child” and “adolescent”. The process of study included a preliminary search and choosing keywords, determining the search strategy, organizing search titles, brief review of the titles of articles and dissertations, examining the initial findings. In addition, compliance of those with inclusion criteria based on abstracts of results were performed. To determine relevant studies, the peruse and analysis of the full text and summing up the final conclusions were also carried out.Results: Six hundred and fifty-eight articles and dissertations were found in preliminary search, and 64 items identified after removing duplicates and peruse of abstracts. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Final findings could be classified in ten topics that comprising the levels of International Classification of Functioning (body functions and structure, activities and participation). Conclusion: The findings of the study proposed that the pattern of time use in all three levels of function based on International Classification of Functioning (including body functions and structures, activities and participation) have significant relationship with obesity and body mass index (BMI), behavior problems, executive functions, depression, developmental delay, developmentally appropriate activities, problematic and risky behaviors, academic achievement, and sleep. There is a need for more research to address the question of the present study.