Ecophytochemistry journal of Medicinal Plants
Year:2015 | Volume:3 | Issue:1 (9)|Papers Count:8

Eremurus M.B. is belongs to Liliaceae family, which more than 40 species in world and 7 perennial species in Iran have been reported. In this investigation, essential oil composition in different parts of Eremurus persicus from Azaran of Kashan area have been studied. This species was exclusive of central areas mountainous have Natural habitates in Iran. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in the spring of 2012 from Azaran of Kashan area, and dried in shade (at room temperature) then the essential oils were obtained by SDE (simultaneous distillation extraction) and then analyzed by by using GC and GC-MS.37 components were identified in flower essential oil which had major components of hexadecanoic acid (11.4%), nonanal (9.01%), p-vinyl guaiacol (6.94%), heptadecane (5.31%) and apiole (5.31%). 26 components in leaf essential oil with major components: kaurene (8.45%), hexadecanoic acid (7.95%), (E)-b-lonone (7.04%) and (2E, 4E-) dodecadienol (5.88%) and 30 components in fruit oil, which the hexadecanoic acid (13.07%), e-verbenol (9.85%), (6E, 10E) - pseudo phytol (7.22%) and (2E, 4E) 13-epi- manool (5.6%) were the main components of the oil. The comarison of terpenes components in the parts essential oil of plant were showed that the most percent of monoterpenes are belong to leaf and fruit oils and major components of sesquiterpenes were in flower oil.

Medicinal plants from far away has a important role in prevent or treatment of many ailments, so due to considering of the economic and rapeutic importance of them in many medicinal industrial, the knowledge composition about the quality and quantities of their essential oil in endemic regions is very necessary. Salvia hydrangea L. is one of the most endemic medical plant in Mazandaran province, which has been used as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative and sedative. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from different region of Mazandaran province (Kiassar and Hezarjerib), the essential oils were obtained by water distillation (Clavenger apparatus), their compositions were identified by GC and GC/MS and data analyzed by SPSS, then treatment means compared by Duncan test and the essential oil was Compared by T test. The results showed that the oil yields and the essential oil there is significant different (P<0.01) in two habitat while the highest percentage of oil yields and essential oil (0.1%) was belong to 2000m in Hezarjarib and to increase height has increased the oil yields and the essential oil consiste of camfor, b-pinene and naphthalene.

Centaurea xanthocephalaisis a perennial wheat flower that distributed in North-West in Iran. In this study to determine of essential oil of Centaurea xanthocephala, the plant parts in blooming were collected from Uromieh, Ghasemloo Valley on July 2010, then dried in laboratory and crush to particles. The Essential oils were obtain ed by hydro distillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of stem and leaf essential oils (w/w dried weight) was 0.02% and inflorescence 0.023%. 18 components were characterized for the stem and leaf oil with spathulenol (26.1%) and a-copaene (11.4%) as the main constituents. 16 compounds were identified in the inflorescence oil with spathulenol (28.6%), a-copaene (13.0%), Cis-longipinanol (5.6%) and E-caryophyllene (4.8%) as the major components. As results shown, the yield of different parts of C. xanthocephalais insignificant. Also the amount of major components in inflorescence more than stem and leaf.

In this research, as regards the medicinal importance of Datura innoxia and need to increase the percentage of seed germination for determining the best way of seed dormancy breaking of plant, in the first step seed coat scraping was fulfilled by rough paper and 98% sulfuric acid in 0, 1, 5 and 10 minutes. In the second step of experiment the seeds were put in constant temperatures (30, 35, 40 Co) and alternative temperatures (30 and 10 Co, 35 and 10 Co, 40 and 10 Co) in 48 hours. In the third step of experiment, constant temperature 35 Co and mechanical scraping compound treatment in compare with mechanical scraping. In the fourth step, different light treatments including red light, white light and darkness in 30 Co were used for scraped seeds and in the fifth step of experiment the scraped seeds were put in different concentrations of gibberellic acid (30, 60, 90, 120 mg/L) and then were cultured in 30 C° and red light. The results showed that the highest percentage of germination was earned of seed coat mechanical scraping. The highest percentage of germination in the fourth step of experiment was earned of scraped seeds under red light and in the fifth step the best percentage of germination was earned of 120 mg/L concentration of gibberellic acid but it didn’t have any statistical significant difference with control.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the percentage of oil, qualitative and pharmacological traits of oil and fruit in some productive and suitable olive genotypes in Golestan province. This study was conducted in 2012-13 on 26 genotypes. At first, fruit maturity index were evaluated regarding fruit colour and then fruit weight and the percent of flesh were recorded. The oil was extracted using a soxhlet method and the percentage of oil was recorded in both dry and fresh matters. The genotypes had considerable variation on the oil percent. G9 had the highest percent of oil in fresh weight, with no statistical difference between it and C9, E7, F7 and A2 genotypes. In 11 above genotypes, the quality traits of the oil, such as the index of spectrometry K232 and K270, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, refractive index, peroxide value and acidity were evaluated. The results showed that the refractive index in all the genotypes was in the range accepted by the international olive oil council. The highest rate of K232 was observed in genotype A2 and the highest rate of K270 was in C9. The highest level of chlorophyll was in the oil extracted from A13 and the highest level of carotenoid was in E7 and A13. The maximum amount of peroxide was observed in E5 and the highest acidity was in H11. Among the table olive genotypes, the highest content of total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant were observed in D6, K9 and G4 respectively.

Salvia L. is belongs to Lamiaceae, which containing of 58 species in Iran, whith 17 species are endemic. In this study the aerial parts of Salvia acetabulosa L. in blooming was collected from East of Ashtian area (Kahrizak Valley-2500m) in May 2011. The essential oil of samples were obtained by using hydro distillation method by Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. the 65 components were identified in essential oil and representing 66.45% of the total oil. Results showed that thymol (15.06%), trans-caryophyllens (9.69%), 1, 8-cineol (8.57%), 1-borneol (7.94%), a-pinene (7.08%), limonene (5.4%), camphene (4.58%), camphor (4.66%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.47%) were the main constituents of plant oil in this region.

In order to study the effects of Nitroxin biofertilizer and plant density on yield, yield components and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L., an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of Iran in 2011. The factors were Nitroxin biofertilizer contain levels of non-inoculated, inoculated seeds, spray on the plant at stem elongation stage and inoculated seeds+spray on the plant at stem elongation stage and plant density contain levels of 12.5, 16.7 and 25 plants m-2. Results showed that the highest plant height, umbel number per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield, essential oil content and its oil yield were obtained in treatment of inoculated seeds with Nitroxin+spray on the plant base at stem elongation stage. Plant density also showed significant effects on mentioned characters (except weight of 1000 seeds and essential oil yield), as the highest plant height, biological yield and seed yield were obtained with 25 plants m-2 and The maximum umbel number per plant and essential oil content were obtained with 12.5 plants m-2. Generally the highest seed yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield in treatment of two times consumption of Nitroxin biofertilizer and the maximum seed yield in treatment of density of 25 plants m-2 were obtained.

Melilotus officinalis L. belongs to Fabaceae family, is a annual medicinal herb which has been used by the rural people of Iran as antiseptic, sedative and antispasmodic. This purpose study conducted in investigation of phenolic, flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity content of ethanolic extract of Melilotus officinalis L. in Gorgan region. Aerial parts of Melilotus officinalis L. in blooming, were collected in May 2014 (15 m), the most important ethnopharmocological data were obtained from the rural people. The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration and the total phenol (TP), total flavonoid (TF) and total anthocyanin (TA) contents were obtained by spectrophotometry and antioxidant activity were measured by 3 methods (DPPH, TAC and RP) in IC50 content, in three replications and the results expressed as mean±SD. Melilotus officinalis L. was the natural medicinal plant which wild growing in grassland regions in Semi halin Soil, which has been used by rural as powerful antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. TP content (109.8±0.4mgGAE/g) and TF (82±0.2mgQUE/g) content were reported and followed by the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 (3.17±0.2 ϻg/ml) especially in DPPH test in 1% level. Also with increase of concentration of extract was increased antioxidant activity. The high quality of secondary metabolites (TP, TF) and efficient performance of antioxidant activity would be confirmed traditional uses of the plant as antiseptic. So suggested further studies performed to investigation for anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti inflammatory effects of these secondary metabolitesin vitro and in vivo models, due to treatment of Diabetes.