Ecophytochemistry journal of Medicinal Plants
Year:2018 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (20) |Papers Count:8

In this research to evaluate the effect of sprying of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 30, 60and 90 mg/l) and jasmonic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on enzymatic and non-enzymaticantioxidants As well as physiological traits 5 genotype of Satureja hortensis L. factorialexperiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments wereconducted at four leaf stage on the aerial parts of the plants and then were harvested 48 hoursafter spraying. At first were extracted from shoots and then all traits; enzymatic and nonenzymaticantioxidants and physiological traits were measured by using a spectrophotometer. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction of spraying different concentrations of titaniumdioxide nanoparticles and jasmonic acid, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbateperoxidase, total protein, flavonoids, anthocyanins and total phenolics were significant at the1% level. The highest catalase (0. 0536 mg per gram of fresh weight) at doses of 30 mg per literin Tabriz plant genotype nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 150 mMjasmonic acid perliter; Most of ascorbate peroxidase (0. 0514 mg per gram of fresh weight) in plant genotypes inconcentrations of 60 mg per liter Ardestā n nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 50mMjasmonic acid; Most peroxidase activity (0. 000494 mg per gram of fresh weight) at aconcentration of 60 mg per liter in genotype Savory Ardestā n nanoparticles of titanium dioxideand 150 mMjasmonic acid; The highest polyphenol oxidase (0. 0628 mg per gram of freshweight) in Tabriz genotypes in treatments of 30 mg of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide andzero (control) M jasmonic acid was obtained. Savory population most effective physiologicaltraits, Savory Rey, the antioxidant enzyme, Savory Ardestan and Tabriz and the non-enzymaticantioxidants (anthocyanins, phenols and flavonoids) Savory Mashhad. The results of this studyshowed that nano-titanium and jasmonic caused time and non-enzymatic antioxidant andphysiological Savory is the most effective hormone levels nanoparticles of titanium, 30 ppmand jasmonic acid was 50 micro molar.

In order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative andqualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experimentincluding 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini InternationalUniversity research greenhouse. The treatments were: vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 V/V), phosphate biofertilizer (application and no-application) and chemical fertilizer (0, 50 and 100%of the recommended amount equal to 0, 0. 48 and 0. 96 gr/pot respectively). The essential oil wasextracted by hydro distilation method by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GCand GC/MS. Results were showed that the maximum plant height, number of branches perplant, number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry weight and the highest percentage ofessential oil were obtained as a result of using 20% vermicompost. Plants treated by 50% ofrecommended NPK+20% vermicompost showed the highest rate of photosynthesis andtranspiration. The maximum nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was obtained from applying100% of the recommended amount of NPK+biophosphate. Applying 100% recommendedNPK+20% vermicompost, resulted in higher phosphorus concentration in leaves. The highestconcentration of potassium in leaves was obtained from plants treated with 20% vermicompost. 26 different compounds were identified in the essential oil among them limonene and verbenonewere the main components. The highest amounts of these two compounds were obtained under20% vermicompost treatment. According to the results vermicompost is an efficient substitutefor chemical fertilizers in production of D. kotschyi.

Recent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with authors and then the device to absorb aromas (herbs) were selected in three aromatic species (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet; Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa damascene Mill. ) and the chemical compounds of absorb aromas were analyzed by by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the chrysanthenone (28. 8%), santolina ( 22. 9% ), undecanal (21. 9%) and n-tridecane (11. 9% ) were the main volatile components identified in Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet while in Rosa × damascena Herrm. Include: santolina (65%) (E)-2-hexenal (18%) and cis-pinene hydrate (3. 5%. ). In finaly the 2, 4-(E, E)-hexadienal (83. 4%), 3-octanol acetate (3. 8%) and propyl butyrate (3. 6% ) were the main component in Polianthes tuberose L. respectively. According to these results, data were confirmed that in this method we can distinguish these aromatic compounds from plants economically with this technique are advised.

In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS). The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include: β-thujone (18. 83%), δ-cadinene (16. 87%) and boneol (14. 51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1, 8-cineol (28. 82%), p-cimene (15. 12%) and camphor (8. 34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54. 75 mg/ml oil) was lower than A. biebersteinii (72. 33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%).

Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. Theplant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviolglycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4º C) combined with polyaminesupplement on some phytochemical parameters an experiment was carried out in a randomizeddesign with three replications. The phytochemical measurement were obtained byspectrophotometery methods consisted of Folinciocalteu method for tanins-phenols, aluminium chloride method for flavonoids, Anthon reagent for soluble sugars andspectrophotometer for anthocyanins and steviol glycosides. The treatments were conducted insix groups contained of cold and cold-polyamine treatments in 0, 48 and 96-hours of coldcourses. The measurements were performed on the plant leaves at vegetative stage atMohaghegh Ardabili University in May 2017. The results showed that the cold stress tends to asignificant increase in all of measured parameters at p≤ 0. 05. This increase was higher in thecold-polyamine treated plants than cold only treated groups of the plant. The results indicatedthat total soluble sugar and steviol glycosides were increased 233 and 35 percent, respectively, than control at 96-h cold combined with polyamine treatment. At same treatment, totalflavonoid, anthocyanin, total phenol and tannin contents were increased up to 40, 100, 20 and66 percentage than control, as well as. At the same plant group, the plant antioxidant potentialwas also elevated 20 percentage than control ones. It can be concluded thatcombined treatmentof Stevia rebaudiana with cold and polyamine supplement can induced the secondarymetabolite biosynthesis in the plant and hence might be tend to a considerably increasing in theplant pharmaceutical potential.

In this study, the effects of pretreatment irradiation power and time of microwave on totalphenolic content, oxidative stability and the physicochemical properties of Cannabis oil, whichincluded: extraction efficiency, acidity values, refractive and color index were studied by acompletely randomized design in the form of 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels ofapplied microwave irradiation power (180, 540 and 900 W) and three microwave time levels(90, 180 and 270 seconds) and three replications. The hemp seeds were supplied from animalfeed store in Gonbad kavous city in early spring of 2017 and oils were obtained by using spiralpress. The SAS software was used for data analysis. The results were showed that withincreasing microwave power, the oil extraction efficiency, acidity, color index, oxidativestability and total phenol increased significantly (p< 0. 01). Increasing the microwave time alsoled to an increase in the oil extraction efficiency, acidity, density, oxidative stability and totalphenol. The pretreatment microwave had no significant effect on the oil refractive index. Themaximum oil extraction efficiency was obtained from seeds which had a microwave power andtime of 900 watts and 270 seconds respectively. The maximum oxidative stability (9. 33 hours)was achieved when the applied microwave power and time were at their maximized levels. Overall, regarding the achieved results it can be concluded that the use of microwave in order totreatment of hemp seeds before oil extraction by cold press can improve the oil extractionefficiency and increase phenolic compounds.

Antioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radicalactivity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a highantioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L. ) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitaceaefamily, consisted of phenolic compounds which can act as antioxidant. The present study wasconducted to investigate the effect of different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform) on total phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities ofKarela in Sistan region in 2016. Different extracts of plant parts ( Root, leaves and fruit) wereobtained by different solvents by maceration method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contentswere measured by Folin– Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidantactivity of extracts were determined by using Diphenyl Picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogenperoxide (H2O2) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results wereshowed that the highest phenolic content was observed in fruit and leaf methanol extract(36. 96± 1. 33 and 33. 01± 3. 03 mg gallic acid/g DW respectively) and the least amount of phenolwas extracted by ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform which was less than 1 mg/g DW. Thehighest flavonoid content was observed in leaf acetone and methanol extract (10. 95± 1/97 and10. 03± 2. 2 mg quercitin/g DW respectively). Fruit methanol extract showed higher antioxidantactivity than other extracts in three methods. Based on results of this research, Karela fruit canbe suggested as useful source of natural antioxidants.

Dracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which hasbeen used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches. In this study, floweringbranches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan andBaluchestan in March 2016. The methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of plant were obtainedby using maceration method. The amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contentswere evaluated by spectrophotometric methods and the antioxidant activity of the extracts weredetermined by FRAP and DPPH methods. The results were showed that the phenolic andflavonoid contents different of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (82. 10, 71. 8and33. 65 mg GAE/g) and (34. 02, 28. 8and1. 02mg QUE/g), respectively. In the evaluationof antioxidant activity by DPPH, the inhibitory power of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extractswere (11. 60, 34. 93 and 298. 96 μ g/ml) respectively, and (14. 23, 8. 20 and 1. 01 mM Fe2+/ mg)respectively, sample in FRAP assay. The methanol extract of plant had the greatest content ofphenolic (82. 10 mg GAE / g), flavonoids (34. 02 mg QUE/g) and anthocyanin(113. 55μ g/g) andantioxidant activity compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts, especially it also had the greatestDPPH inhibitory power (IC50= 11. 60 μ g/ml).