Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:8

Injury is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in the world. Improving the trauma care process is necessary to reduce this burden in countries at all levels of the economy. One of the important components of improving the care process in each field is to reduce medical errors. Using a checklist in other medical areas has been effective in improving care and reducing medical mistakes. Field observations indicate that almost all of the emergency departments in hospitals and trauma centers in the country do not use this check list. In this short essay, efforts have been made to emphasize the necessity for coercion with the necessary training to use this checklist from the Department of Health's treatment deputy.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays one of the most important dangers that affect health promotion and societies developing is increasing of the traffic accidents thus we decided to assess the epidemiological aspects of the traffic accidents helped by EMS in Guilan 2013-2017. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analytical study. A survey of 82432 emergency driving accidents was carried out by emergency departments in 115 provinces in the years 1995-1995. Verification of mission sheets completed by emergency technicians. The information collected is a checklist that includes age, gender, The location of accidents (urban, urban road, rural roads), injured condition (driver, pedestrian, occupant, motorcyclist, . . . ) and severity of injuries and driving accidents season were completed by statistical software spss19 and statistical analyzes of chisquer, ttest and In order to observe ethical standards in research, and based on the objective of studying information The tabs 115 emergency mission completed, the profile of clients is confidential and inaccessible to outsiders. Results: The results of this study showed that with regarding to14/4 % increasing in the prevalence of traffic accidents and helping to the injured people by EMS, in 2013-2017 in front of 2013-2017. (74. 5%) of the patients were male and (25. 4%) were female. Most of patients were in the age range of 18 to 24(11. 2 %) years old. The most traffic accidents were (53%) cases that occurred in the country side roads. The most of the patients´ situation in males were motor accidents in (11/2%). Among the all the injured people (57. 7%) were admitted in the hospital and (42. 2%) were treated as outpatients. Conclusion: presented that most of the injured people were young motor drivers, that represents the high prevalence of using it among guilan province young peoples and being inattention to thetraffic rules, need to necessary attention to prevention of this problem.

Background and Objectives: The release of toxic, hazardous and fire hazardous substances from storage tanks in process and chemical industries has always been one of the hazards of working people, residents around these industries, and the environment. This study was done with the aim of modeling and evaluating the consequences of benzene leakage in the coke production unit of Isfahan Steel Company. Materials and Methods: In order to observe ethical standards in research, research information was obtained with written permission from Isfahan Steel Company. In the present study, in order to modeling and investigating the release of benzene, at first cycle of the process in the coking plant, and then Existing hazards were identified by performing a risk assessment using the FMEA method. The consequence evaluation in a process unit consists of selecting a scenario, specifying the scenario's specifications, modeling the consequences of the scenarios and finally analyzing the results. For this purpose, the software ALOHA version 5. 4. 7 has been used for modeling the outcome and evaluation of benzene leakage. Results: The results of simulations show that the most serious risk factor for personnel is the concentration of benzene in the environment. And due to the control room being 72 meters from the corresponding reservoir, up to 169 meters of the tank the concentration of benzene vapors reaches 800 ppm. Hence, people who are at this distance will not be able to escape during an incident. Also, the contour lines of simulating the pool fire resulting from the benzene release, shows that in the leakage scenarios with a diameter of 5 mm, 25 mm and 100 mm, distances less than 10, 14 and 51 m influenced with fire, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the errors in the results of mathematical modeling and the explanation of possible scenarios, simulation of benzene leakage and its consequences, can be used in the formulation of preventive strategies and emergency planning in the coking plant of Isfahan Steel Company.

Background and objectives: The detection of effective factors of accidents is a major step in enhancing the level of road safety and decreasing the casualties, particularly in developing countries. The subject has been noticed from the view of the police or road authorities in previous studies, but mental patterns have not been considered in regard to the cause of accidents; however, the detection of these patterns can provide useful information for the identification of cause of road crashes. This study mainly aims to recognize the mental patterns of drivers about the causes of accidents. Method and Materials: The factor analysis is applied to detect mental patterns of drivers in this study. The Q methodology is a technique which enables the researcher, firstly, to detect and classify perceptions and attitudes and, secondly, to categorize people based on their perceptions. According to previous studies and research discourse space, 30 factors and propositions are extracted for accidents on inter-city roads and these factors are scored by 30 professional drivers in accordance with the Q methodology. A variety of mental patterns of drivers are identified about the cause of road crashes based on the scoring, prioritization and variance ratio criterion (VRC). In this study, the research objective is explained to the drivers and their satisfaction is taken. The authors are also committed to treat the personal information as confidential. Results: Given the factor analysis, 7 mental patterns are detected for drivers in regard to the cause of road crashes, which include 80% of the total variance. Useful information is collected in this regard through the investigation of these patterns. Overtaking, deviation to the left and talking on cellphone are detected as the main causes of accidents, while the drivers unexpectedly ignore the uncontrolled passage of pedestrians across inter-city roads. Conclusion: The drivers’ image of effective factors of car crashes is not the same as the results of safety monitoring. The detection of these patterns helps the experts to modify their opinions and it is possible to correct misguided mental patterns of drivers about the cause of accidents by encouraging the educational processes.

Background and Objectives: Mental fatigue is a cognitive status with feeling exhausted in mind, lock of energy and Loss of consciousness Associated with malfunction that caused during the cognitive activity. Nurses are most personnel in hospitals with direct responsibility for patient care. Whereas, work condition and other related factors can be influence mental fatigue in them, hence, this study aimed to Investigation of Mental Fatigue, Validity and Reliability its Instrument among nursing in one of the hospital in Kermanshah city Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 203 nurses from hospital wards were random studied. Tools for data gathering were demographics questionnaire and Mental Fatigue Scale. Data analysis performed with T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests. Result: Mean and standard deviation of Mental Fatigue Scale was 13. 24± 7. 21 and 20. 7% of nurses have not mental fatigue, 67% of theirs experienced slight mental fatigue, 11. 8% fairly serious and 0. 5% of participants have reported serious mental fatigue. Reliability coefficient of mental fatigue scale is obtained 0. 72 and 0. 82 using retest and Cronbach's alpha respectively. There were significant relationship between mental fatigue score with number of shifts per month and shift work. Conclusion: Most nurses had slight mental fatigue. The questionnaire of mental fatigue scale has a good reliability and validity and can be used in similar studies. It suggested decreasing number of shifts in month to prevent of mental fatigue by increase number of nurses.

Background and Objectives: Injuries are still considered as one of the public health problems in Iran and in the world, and their control and prevention are a burden on the health system of many middle and lower income countries. One of the barriers to controlling and preventing injuries in low and middle income countries is the inadequacy or inaccuracy of information. Therefore, there is a need for a relevant national database for these countries. The purpose of this study was to introduce a specialized safety and injury database. Materials and Methods: Multilayer architecture has been used in the design of the Iranian Safety and Injury Database (SafeLir). The design of this database is based on several programming languages including SQL, HTML, and Java Script and C #. The performance of this database has been evaluated along with other medical information databases. Ethical considerations are included in the study. Results: A review of the different sections of the database showed that the SafeLir database has ideal conditions for users and researchers to use in safety and injury research. At present, the beta version of the SafeLir is available on-line, and a variety of documents, including articles from academic journals and congresses, books and dissertations in related fields, can be retrieved from this database. The evaluation of the performance of this SafeLir along with other medical databases also showed that the performance of this database is appropriate and reliable in retrieving relevant information. Even in retrieving national documents, SafeLir's performance was better than other medical databases. Conclusion: The SafeLir database includes all features expected by researchers and it can be used as a specialized source of safety and injury research.

Background and Objectives: Driver distraction increases the risk of traffic accidents and it is important. Present study was performed to aim study of most important factors of voluntary engagement in distraction and susceptibility to involuntary distraction related to road traffic injuries. Methods and Materials: We analyzed survey responses of 370 bus drivers about six of voluntary engagement in distraction and seven of suceptibility to involuntary distraction using the questionnaire (37 questions). Differences between different groups of independent variables examined using ANOVA model. Was identified most important factors of voluntary engagement in distraction and susceptibility to involuntary distraction related to road traffic injuries based on the average score of drivers. A regression wad applied to estimate of the impact of factors driver distraction on the road traffic injuries using the Odds ratio. Our study was carried out in 2018 and its statistical analysis in using STATA version 14. Results: Mean (SE) of mean score of voluntary engagement in distraction was estimated 11/53 (0. 23), attitudes and beliefs about distraction 63. 16 (0. 75), susceptibility to involuntary distraction 14 (0. 37) and overall score of distraction 88/7 (0. 99). 63. 78% of drivers of intercity buses were classified in low distraction. Continually checking roadside accident scenese and reading roadside advertisements were identified as most important factors of voluntary engagement in distraction (mean of 2. 6 and 2. 5, respectively). Rosdside accident scenes and speaking of passenger with driver were identified as most important factors of suceptibility to Involuntary distraction ( each of mean=2. 5). A significant relationship was found between severity of distraction while driving and each of variables age, marital status, driving history, number of driving services per month and negative score status in driving license. The odds of accidents related to traffic accidents for drivers that involving hold phone conversations during driving was increase by 1. 46 times. Conclusion: Event roadside accident scenese and continually checking, reading roadside advertisements and speaking of passenger with driver were identified as most important factors of driver distraction among bus drivers. Individual factors such as age and driving experience, driving habits including number of driving services per month and negative score status (on the license) can be influenced by driver distraction severity. Previous studies results showed that driver distraction status and identifying the most important factors of driver distraction were not sufficiently considered. Present studies results indicate the importance of a number of driver distraction factors compared to other factors.

Background and Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hazardous contaminants in aquatic environments due to their mutagenic, cancer-causing properties which are a threat for people in the community. Therefore, it is essential to remove them from water sources to protect public health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to remove anthracene from contaminated water by magnetic dendrimer nanoparticles. Methods and Materials: In this study, magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated by dendrimer-functionalized PAMAM polymers and modified with benzaldehyde ligand on the surface. The adsorbent properties were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Then, in a batch study, the effect of operative parameters on the adsorbent and reusability of the sorbent was studied, and residual anthracene concentration in aqueous solution was determined by spectrophotometer. The obtained data were fitted to different isotherm models and kinetic models. Ethical considerations in this study were adhered based on the Helsinki guidelines. Results: The results showed that anthracene removal efficiency increased with contact time up to 20 minutes and adsorbent content up to 0. 6 g / L at pH 7 in the solutions. It was also found that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The highest adsorption capacity of the adsorbent with qmax=105 mg / g indicates a high adsorption capacity of the synthesized magnetite dendrimer. The reusability of the adsorbent also showed that the nanostructure could be recovered by maintaining anthracene uptake efficiency for up to 7 cycles. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the synthesized nanopolymer can be used as an efficient adsorbent with high adsorption potential and capacity for anthracene removal from aqueous media.