Journal of Molecular and Cellular Researches
Year:2017 | Volume:30 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:10

Molecular markers have many applications in estimation of genetic diversity in crops and intron-exon splicing junction is a developed marker from RAPD that use as semirandom primers. In this research, 25 wheat genotypes including 23 rain-fed bread wheat cultivars/lines and 2 rain-fed durum genotypes were studied. Results showed that 17 primers from 32 semi-random primers had polymorphism among wheat cultivars/lines and percent of polymorphism varied from 38 to 88. Similarity matrices identified the highest similarity had between Maroon and Gahar cultivars. Cluster analysis on the basis of complete linkage method and Jacard similarity coefficient at 0.65 discriminated genotypes to 7 clusters and 2 genotypes were separated in 2 different clusters. Coordinate component analysis also could group the studied wheat genotypes based on their spatial distances. Although wheat cultivars/lines were well classified via 17 polymorphism primers, a low to medium genetic distance was estimated. This clustering could distinguish and isolate spring wheat cultivars/lines from winter ones and also hexaploid from tetraploid. Results showed that clustering via exon-targeting (ET) primers could distinguish and isolate winter wheat cultivars/lines from spring ones and durum wheat genotypes from hexaploid ones with a significant distance compared to intron-targeting (IT) primers.

In order to evaluation of three Satureja species essential oils (S. macrantha, S. rechingeri, S. spicigera) against the bacteria that cause hospital infections and Candida albicans, in the first two accessions of every three species collected in 1391 from The Botanical Garden of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, the essential oil was isolated by water distillation. analyzed constituents of essential oils by GC/MS and the results show the essence of Satureja macrantha and Satureja spicigera, 16 components and essence of the Satureja rechingeri, 15 components were identified. The major compounds in the essential oils were Thymol, Carvacrol, p-cymene and g-terpinene. In this experiment, essence dilution was in three levels including one-fifth, one twenty fifth and one fiftieth, and compare them with antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Ceftizoxime) and micro-organisms at 5 levels, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion method and estimate against five species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils were determined with microdilution.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria and Candida albicansWasmore sensitive than bacteria. Satureja macrantha Showed the highest antimicrobial activity and Satureja spicigera showed the lowest antimicrobial activity.

Nowadays, natural sweeteners, especially for people with diabetes have attracted great attention. Stevia rebaudiana, Asteraceae, because of having diterpene glycosides such as Stevioside, Dudoside and Rebaudioside which are 300 times sweeter than sucrose is very important, economically and scientifically. To investigate the impact of low temperatures on the total protein, proline and the activities of some enzymatic antioxidants of stevia, a completely random factorial design experiment with two levels of temperatures 15 and 5oC compared with the control (25oC) in three replications was conducted. According to the results, stevia leaves showed no significant differences in the total protein, proline content and the activity of the examined antioxidant enzymes including SOD, APX, POD, PPO, under low temperatures of 15 and 5oC. Also, apparently the treated plants were not significantly different compared to controls.Therefore, it can be concluded that the temperatures of 15 and 5oC cannot create stress for stevia plants, and so probably this plant is physiologically tolerant at this cold levels under short treatment time (2 hours).

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from Artemisia annua L.(Asteraceae), is the most effective antimalarial Drug, It is also effective against a wide variety of cancers. Due to the low content of artemisinin in A. annua leaves and uneconomical chemical synthesis, tissue culture is essential. The purpose of this research is to focus the application of tissue culture technology and the cell suspension culture to increase artemisinin by elicitors. Callus cultures were induced from root explants at different BA and NAA concentrations in MS medium. The best callogenesis was on BA (1.5 mgl-1) and NAA (0.5 mgl-1). Suspension culture were initiated by transferring friable fraction of root callus into liquid MS medium with BA (1.5 mgl-1) and NAA (0.5 mgl-1). In an effort to increase the artemisinin production, methyl jasmonate, mevalonic acid lactone and potassium nitrate with different concentrations was tested by treating Suspension culture. A large increase in artemisinin content was found in 5 mgl-1 methyl jasmonate, 75 mgl-1 mevalonic acid lactone and 750 mgl-1 potassium nitrate. It seems suspension cultures of Artemisia annua is Effective in artemisinin Production. Also the addition of elicitors increase artemisinin content.

Chitin is the second most abundant organic polymer in nature after cellulose and it is the main part of Insects cuticle and crustaceans and includes in cell wall of most fungus and some algae and nematodes. Huge amounts of chitin residual are being produced by organisms that enter to the nature as natural pollutants. However, this polysaccharide has immense application in different aspects of our daily life once becomes digested via chitinases. Chitinase is one of the enzymes that responsible for disintegrating chitin. Some of bacteria produce chitinase for digesting chitin. Here, a thermophilic chitinase gene (JQ675723) obtained from a Paenibacillus ehimensis isolate. The gene was cloned in pET26b and transformed into E. coli to heterologously produce the enzyme. The recombinant protein was isolated via affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA column. The enzyme demonstrated to have hydrolytic activity in the presence of chitin and by addition of 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid at 530 nm. Moreover high temperature showed industrial potential. Its nucleotide sequence had high similarity to Glycoside hydrolase family 18. Amino acid sequence from amino to carboxyl determined glycosyl hydrolase domain, fibronectin like domain and chitin binding domain.

A microbial fuel cell is a bioelectrochemical system that converts chemical energy in organic compounds to electrical energy through catalytic reactions of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. Isolation and characterization of Shewanella sp. from sediments of the Caspian Sea and investigation of its ability to produce electricity were the aims of this study. Samples collected from the sea sediments were cultured in Kligler agar. After incubation at 30oC, black colonies were selected. After identification of isolates based on morphology, physiology and molecular characteristics, one was chosen and its ability to produce electricity was evaluated. A two-chamber microbial fuel cell was designed and the selected isolate ME1 was inoculated into the anode chamber containing the LB medium. The neutral red was used as an intermediate electron transport and electrodes were made of graphite. A sulfate reducing bacterium was isolated from sediments of the Caspian Sea and named as isolate ME1. The results of morphological and physiological characteristics of ME1 showed that this bacterium belonged to the Shewanella sp. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses exhibited that ME1 was similar to Shewanella seohaensis with 98.87% homology. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacterium was able to produce electricity in a microbial fuel cell. In addition, the results of current studies showed that the isolate ME1 had the ability to produce electricity with a constant open circuit voltage of 765 mV. A maximum power density and a maximum current density were evaluated at 140.817 mW m-2 and 395.50 mA m-2, respectively.The results of this study revealed that the Shewanella sp. ME1 isolated from sediments of the Caspian Sea had the ability to produce electricity in microbial fuel cells. This isolate could be a candidate for the production of electricity in wastewater treatment systems.

Despite major advances in treatment of wound, healing remained as one of the most important challenges ahead. Since antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of Melissa officinalis, Zizyphus spina-christi, Althaea officinalis, Satureja bachtiarica have been proven and these properties are involved in wound healing, The present investigation was undertaken to assess the efficacy of mentioned officinal herbs hydroalcoholic extracts on thickness and non-septic wound healing model in rat. Each extract was co-administered for 7 and 14 consecutive days on 50 experimental wounded rats. Macroscopic observations showed all applied hydroalcoholic extracts had wound healing potentials.Althaea officinalis extract presented the most activity in wound healing specified by significant increase in wound contraction. Furthermore, histopathological assessments confirmed the wound healing potential of Althaea extract.This could be attributed to the induction effects of a typical fibroblast affecting wound contraction. It was observed a combined hydroalcoholic extract from all herbs also possesses wound healing potential properties less than Althaea officinalis.

Factor IX as a vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factor requires post-translational modifications such as gamma carboxylation for its biological function. Gamma carboxylation catalyzed by an enzyme called gamma carboxylase and propeptide of vitamin K dependent proteins is first recognition site of gamma carboxylase. Specific amino acids within these propeptide sequences are responsible for differences in affinity for the gamma carboxylase. Increases of Ki result in decrease of enzyme affinity but fully gamma carboxylation of protein. Since the gamma carboxylase enzyme have least affinity for prothrombin, in this study the pMT-FIX-M13 expression vector constructed contains mutant factor IX cDNA in amino acid -13 (H to P) on the basis of prothrombin propeptide. The expression and activity of the normal and mutant recombinant factor IX were investigated by ELISA and APTT after various times of transfection. The results showed that the concentrations and activity of factor IX and so gamma carboxylation in mutant factor IX is more than normal factor IX.

There are many different methods for the production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) but, using of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles due to a cost effective and ecofriendly approach has been extensively noticed. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using extract of Origanum majorana and its antimicrobial properties has been reported. In this study, the extract of Origanum majorana as the reducing agent is used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Reduction of Ag+ion was obtained after 24 h by using extract of Origanum majorana in presence of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNo3) solution. The size, structural, optical and morphological properties of nanoparticles have been analyzed by facility of: X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning (Transmission) Electron Microscope. The antimicrobial activities of the silver nanoparticles against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. UV-Vis spectrum exhibit an absorption band at around 400-450 nm suggestion the formation of biological Ag nanoparticles. Size and morphological properties of nanoparticles was performed by TEM which show that particles have spherical shape with diameter of about 30-70 nm. Silver nanoparticles presented the antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.It seems that green Synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts can help to increase their antibacterial effect. In the present study it was shown that the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles to increase considerably.

The genetic variations of 17 ecotypes of sand plantain were evaluated by 12 ISSR markers and nine morphological traits. Analysis of variance showed high variability among studied cultivars. Cluster analysis could put 17 different ecotypes of sand plantain into the three groups using UPGMA method based on field data. The assessment of ecotypes based molecular markers showed that the 12 primers could be amplified 91 polymorphic bands, the maximum number (14) was produced by UBC814 and primers UBC811, UBC813 and UBC817 with 13 bands were in the next steps respectively. The minimum band number (7) was produced by UBC824 and UBC876 respectively. PIC value was varied from 0.27 to 0.44 and MI was 0.91 to 4.10. Cluster analysis using UPGMA based molecular markers, placed 39 ecotypes in the study in five groups, include 3, 9, 3, 1 and 1 ecotypes respectively. Grouping of ecotypes with molecular markers is moderate matched with classification of the ecotypes based morphological traits.