Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research
Year:2024 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

The present study is an initiative to explore the performance of various hospitals relating to various environmental sustainability practices in the health care sector in the study area. Seven broad factors considered for the study were sustainable management -8 sub-variables, environmental communication-6 sub-variables, managing hospital pollution -3 sub-variables, resource conservation-7 sub-variables, water recycling -5 sub-variables, energy conservation-7 sub-variables, and patient room sustainability-8 sub-variables. Totally, 316 responses were considered for the study including lower level, middle level, and senior level employees of the hospitals under study. The results found that all the health care service providers are following the environmental sustainability practices as per norms, but still certain areas which need to be addressed by the health care providers in the study area.

Polymicrobial biofilms, consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, pose a significant challenge in the field of microbiology due to their antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of combined therapy involving meropenem and fluconazole on polymicrobial biofilms formed by these two species. Employing a true experimental laboratory design with a post-test-only control group, 32 stored clinical isolates, including meropenem-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluconazole-susceptible Candida albicans, were randomly selected. Polymicrobial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were established using a microtiter plate biofilm assay. After 24-hour exposure to meropenem, fluconazole, or a combination of meropenem and fluconazole, the biofilms formed were stained with 0.1% crystal violet. Optical density (OD) measurements were obtained using a spectrophotometer (ELISA reader). Data analysis using parametric ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the statistical test results. Subsequent Post Hoc Test Least Significant Difference (LSD) analysis demonstrated no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the group treated with monotherapy of meropenem and fluconazole, while a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the group treated with the combination therapy. The decline in optical density observed in this study could be attributed to a reduction in the extracellular matrix of the biofilm, a decline in the number of viable microbial cells, which subsequently reduces the production of the biofilm matrix, or a combination of both factors.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is defined as severe proteinuria that results in low ‎albumin levels, increased permeability within the glomerular filtration barrier, and functional ‎impairment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to play a significant role in the ‎development of nephropathy. Reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, nitric oxide (NO) ‎synthases, and xanthine oxidases are all injured by kidney-inducing substances.‎ This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of hypoalbuminaemia in nephrotic ‎syndrome related to oxidative stress in NS.‎ Through studies and reviews, the causes, pathophysiology, sources, and agents of ‎renal oxidative stress have been elucidated over several decades. We reviewed studies on ‎reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their relationship with ‎hypoalbuminaemia nephrotic syndrome. The pathogenic pathways that lead to renal fibrosis, ‎mechanisms of oxidative stress production during renal disorders, and medications that ‎specifically target oxidative stress during tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis are ‎explained in this article.‎ A distinguishing feature of NS is increased excretion of albumin and other ‎serum proteins. Therapies that target oxidative stress have the potential to treat renal fibrosis, ‎given the importance of oxidative stress in renal nephrotic syndrome. ‎

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) are age-related condition characterized by a progressive decline in brain functions. This condition has influenced more than 8% of the adult population worldwide, predominately with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, NDD treatment is addressed to relieve existing symptoms, so the effective medication is urgently needed. Flavonoids offer remarkable pharmacological properties applicable to be neuroprotective agents. This study aimed to determine the activity of flavonoid compounds against AD by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) receptors. The method utilized molecular docking studies with the AutoDockTools 4.2.6 program. Analysis of pharmacochemical properties were carried out using SwissADME, while pharmacokinetics and toxicity were examined in the pkCSM web server. The results indicated that α-amyrin and pinoresinol were the most potential AChE and MAO-B inhibitor, respectively. The compounds have lower energy binding values, inhibition constants, and high percentage of similarity with amino acid residues in the ligand native. Analysis of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties showed that these two compounds are acceptable to the body and provides no toxicity. This study demonstrated that the compounds α-amyrin and pinoresinol might potential to be therapeutic agent which primarily act to inhibit AChE and MAO-B in AD progression.

The global health landscape has seen an upsurge in viral diseases, underlining the urgency for novel antiviral therapies. This mini-review illuminates the potential antiviral capabilities of gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative derived from the pericarp of the Garcinia mangostana fruit. Gamma-mangostin's mechanisms of action are multifaceted, displaying inhibitory effects on viral entry into host cells, disrupting essential cell signalling pathways for viral replication, and enhancing the host's immune response via antiviral cytokine stimulation. This compound has demonstrated significant in vitro efficacy against numerous viruses, including Influenza A virus, Herpes simplex virus, and Hepatitis C virus, and emerging preliminary research suggests potential utility against SARS-CoV-2. Its broad-spectrum antiviral properties and low cytotoxicity earmark gamma-mangostin as a promising candidate for future antiviral agent development. However, rigorous investigation is required to determine its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety profile. With the escalating burden of viral diseases, gamma-mangostin could represent an important tool in the armamentarium for disease management, contingent upon further study. This review provides an overview of current research into gamma-mangostin's antiviral potential and the challenges to its therapeutic development.

The review investigates challenges in implementation and presents approaches for integrating ultrasound into medical education. A thorough examination of recent literature was conducted to evaluate curriculum development for Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) education in different databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Qualitative thematic data synthesis was used to evaluate the collected evidence.  The review identifies an increased number of studies for curriculum development for POCUS education, indicating the need for instructional adjustments. Simulation is one of the most important educational methods in this era. New teaching methods, particularly in emergency settings, enhance competency among medical residents. Studies demonstrate the value of POCUS in resource-limited environments, showing its advantages in early diagnosis and improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, assessment of POCUS skills is fundamental in its education, aligning curriculum development with learning outcomes. Emerging techniques and consensus-based checklists are advancing ultrasound skills assessment. Case studies show the positive impact of POCUS on patient care and the need for continued efforts to improve its accessibility and proficiency among medical professionals. Integrating formal training and POCUS into primary care settings are important steps for high-quality patient care, especially in the emergency room. There is a trend of increased use of POCUS education in medical universities, while standardized educational curriculums and assessment methods are still being discussed.

This study aimed to determine and compare the negative pressure in tracheal and esophageal intubation in the corpses immediately after the end of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The current cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency departments of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashahd, Iran, in 2021 and 2022. The target population consisted of patients who had undergone unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and had died. After obtaining consent from the families of the patients who died in the emergency department. We included their bodies in the study immediately at the end of the unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Exclusion criteria included confirmed oesophageal disease or musculoskeletal disorders. To record the pressures, we simultaneously placed the tracheal tube in the oesophagus and trachea, and the negative pressure inside them was measured by a manometer connected to the suction device, and then the pressure inside the oesophagus and trachea of the corpses was recorded. A total of 30 corpses were examined, among which 20 were male (66.7%) and 10 (33.3%) were female. Their mean age was equal to 49.86 ± 19.97 years with the range of 23 to 78 years. The average negative pressure of the oesophagus was 494.00 ± 13.66, and the average negative pressure of the trachea was 319.60 ± 14.59. The maximum and the minimum negative pressures of the oesophagus were 479 and 553, respectively, and those of the trachea were 290 and 343. There was a significant difference in terms of negative pressure between the oesophagus and trachea (p<0.001). In general, the negative pressure of the oesophagus was significantly higher than that of the lungs. This can be used in future studies to attain a correct diagnostic method to differentiate correct endotracheal intubation from oesophageal intubation.

This study focuses on designing a parabolic solar pyrolysis reactor and investigating the effects of pyrolysis temperature and coconut shell particle size on the yield. It also aims to develop a mathematical model to understand the factors influencing pyrolysis and evaluate the energy aspects of solar pyrolysis. The reactor operates at temperatures between 300 °C and 650 °C, with variables like wind speed, light intensity, parabolic size, and material types affecting its performance. The process is also influenced by moisture content, reactor type, heating rate, residence time, and pyrolysis temperature. The study finds that particle size and temperature are crucial in determining the yield. It shows that specific combinations of these factors have a significant influence, with the F-calculated value being more significant at the 5% level than at the 1% level. Optimal results are observed at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 600 °C. For instance, a 3 mm particle size at 300 °C yields 26.83%, increasing to 37.67% at 600 °C, indicating that smaller material sizes and higher temperatures enhance yields. The energy analysis reveals that the coconut shell receives between 136.29 to 454.89 W of heat, while the energy lost during pyrolysis ranges from 728.46 to 1778.976 W. The output heat energy spans from 864.75 to 2233.87 W, with energy efficiency varying from 16.35% to 30.41%. A heat balance is established using optics and thermodynamics principles, offering insights into the energy efficiency of solar pyrolysis.

Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) is a disorder that can cause short stature and delayed puberty due to the deficiency of several pituitary hormones. This case report aimed to deliver a rare case of multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, focusing on the diagnosis approach and therapy. A thirteen-years-old boy came with a main complaint of short stature with a height of only 101 cm. The growth chart showed that the patient was below the third percentile. The Tanner stage was prepubertal. There was no history of short stature, delayed puberty, and hormonal disorders in his family. Hormonal tests showed deficiencies of GH, FT4, FSH, LH, and testosterone, and normal serum levels of TSH. Those were indicating growth hormone deficiency, central hypothyroidism, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Patients received levothyroxine and recombinant human growth hormone as hormone replacement therapy based on the etiology. The evaluation of therapy is carried out every 3-6 months. MPHD may be idiopathic or caused by hereditary disorders. The underlying cause of MPHD remains unknown. Further screening and diagnosis are required to evaluate risk factors and the best future therapy.

Collapsible joint systems always have benefits in speed and ease of installation; consequently, they are in demand in modern construction. The present article aims to describe one of the possible types of connection based on aluminum connectors. It is attempted to determine the mechanical strength of the connection with different types of connectors. To meet the aim of the study, methods of numerical and full-scale experiments with the comparison of the obtained research results are utilized. Moreover, the experimental study was carried out on the test bench of the VlSU laboratory.  It has been established that the destruction of the joint is plastic in nature and is expressed in the gradual pulling out of the angels from the body of the wood beams. The correlation between the increase in load and deformations in the numerical and laboratory experiments is close; the discrepancies are 7-11%. The potential destruction in the numerical experiment was recorded with the values of forces 17-23% higher than the experimental data, which is justified by the greater magnitude of the removal of the nails from the body of the wood. The use of connections on aluminum connectors increases the operational reliability of structures by increasing their life cycle.