Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research
Year:2024 | Volume:6 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

The identification of dental pulp tissue may impact the risk of post-endodontic discomfort, including flare-ups. The amount of pulp tissue in teeth may influence the diagnosis of such tissue. Live pulp tissue reacts to pain more strongly than inflamed pulp. Three groups of 27 Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experimental study: a control group, a group that removed normal pulp tissue, and a group that removed inflammatory pulp tissue. Samples were taken from the mandibular incisor's apical field after the pulp tissue was extracted. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed for the examination. Before pulp tissue is extracted, LPS is administered, which causes the pulp tissue to become inflamed and results in a rise in Heat Shock Protein 70-expressing cells. Because of its overexpression, )Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP-70( inhibits TRAF-6. Through the MAPK pathway, the drop in TRAF-6 led to a decrease in Nav1.8. When inflammatory pulp tissue is extracted, there is an overexpression of HSP70, leading to the inhibition of TRAF6. Consequently, this inhibition results in a decrease in MAPK, which subsequently lowers Nav1.8.

An inflammatory cytokine called tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is responsible for coordinating the body's reaction to injury and illness. TNFα expression can cause nociceptors to become hypersensitive to pain in addition to promoting inflammation. Based on a neuroimmunological approach, the immunohistochemistry image was examined by looking at the expression of TNFα and Hsp10 in macrophages and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in nerve cells. Fifteen Sprague Dawley mice were used in the laboratory experiment; the animals were split into three groups, each with five mice: a control group, a group that removed normal pulp tissue, and a group that removed inflammatory pulp tissue. Tissue samples were taken from dental apical field of the mandibular incisor. The samples were all analyzed by immunohistochemistry techniques. When compared to the normal pulp tissue extraction group, the inflamed pulp tissue extraction group revealed a substantial drop in Nav1.7 expression, suggesting that Nav1.7 expression can be disrupted by increased Hsp10 expression. It implies that the discomfort risk during pulp extraction surgery will be reduced if the tooth pulp is infected or inflamed. The pulp tissue experiences an upregulation of TNFα expression upon extraction. Pain is caused by an increase in TNFα expression, which also raises Nav1.7 expression via the TNFR pathway. In the meantime, removing inflammatory pulp tissue significantly increases Hsp10 expression, which results in a drop in TNFα and Nav1.7 expression. When normal pulp tissue is removed, the pain response is more intense than when infected or inflammatory pulp tissue is removed.

This review article presents an in-depth exploration of metal oxide redox cycles applied to solar chemical processing, encompassing thermochemical oxygen separation, fuel production (H2, CO), ammonia synthesis, and thermochemical energy storage. The focus is on solar-driven thermochemical H2O and CO2 splitting cycles, utilizing monolithic solar reactors with a porous reactive structure for efficient two-step redox reactions. Isothermal plots highlight the relationship between δ and pO2 in CeO2/CeO2−δ systems with temperature and pressure variations. The study showcases hierarchically ordered porous structures achieved through additive manufacturing, enhancing solar radiation absorption. Customized ceria materials, demonstrated in packed-bed cavity-type solar reactors, exhibit notable O2, CO, and H2 production rates during consecutive thermochemical splitting cycles. The review further discusses the synthesis of La/Sr/Mn perovskites via solution combustion, presenting CO production yield patterns. Ammonia synthesis reactions are assessed through Gibbs free energy variation with temperature, while AlN hydrolysis extent is evaluated at different H2O concentrations. In addition, the concept of thermochemical energy storage is outlined, elucidating its potential in supplying high-temperature process heat for electricity or fuel generation. This comprehensive review contributes to the understanding and advancement of solar-driven chemical processes and their pivotal role in sustainable energy technologies.

Cytotoxic metal complexes have drawn significant attention from biochemists nowadays. These bioactive coordination compounds of potential ligands with biological functional groups and suitable metal ions have garnered considerable interest. In this study, hybrid azomethine thiourea ligands and their copper(II) complexes were prepared and studied using modern physicochemical techniques. The spectral data have shown that the coordination was carried out through N, N, O, and S atoms. One unpaired electron d9 configuration and the distorted square-planar environment were suggested for the synthetic copper(II) complexes. The electrochemical properties of the Schiff base thiourea copper(II) complexes were investigated. The antioxidant activities of all azomethine thiourea copper(II) complexes were identified by DPPH method using curcumin as a positive control. In vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) of the received copper(II) complexes was examined. The obtained results have indicated that [Cu(II)LCl] possessed the best cytotoxicity for HepG-2 and A549 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 2.41 and 1.88 µg/ml, respectively.

The concern has recently been raised for disease status and management of people with narcolepsy after initiation of COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we evaluated the literature to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of narcolepsy patients. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study on online databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using keywords of “Narcolepsy”, “Sleepiness “, “cataplexy”, “nightmare”, “nocturnal sleep”, “COVID-19”, “Pandemic”, “SARS-COV2”, and “Coronavirus”, looking for observational studies. Statistical analyses were performed by CAM software with significance level being considered at under 0.05 as statistically significant. Total number of 9 studies were included with 607 patients with narcolepsy. With a heterogeneity of 99.94%, pooled mean differences (MD) of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores before and after the pandemic/lockdowns was -1.54 (95%CI: -1.55 to -1.53, P<0.01). The most prevalently increased symptom among the narcolepsy patients was naps taken during the day (58.81%, 95%CI of 50.85 to 66.34) followed by the increased appetite (45.15%, 95%CI of 28.91 to 62.49). Our study shows that disease status of narcolepsy patients is affected by COVID-19 pandemic. We can assist narcolepsy patients in this challenging position by being aware of their unique demands during the COVID-19 illness and sympathetic to their sensitivity.

The plant known as Red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) has the ability to accelerate wound healing. Red fruit oil contains compounds that are active in the healing process of incisional wounds, including tocopherols, carotenoids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. To enhance stability and penetration, red fruit oil was formulated in an emulsion form in this research. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of red fruit oil emulgel on collagen density and the amount of angiogenesis in incisional wound healing and to determine the optimal dose of red fruit oil emulgel on collagen density and the amount of angiogenesis in incisional wound healing. This research is a true experimental study that employs a post-test-only control group design with 6 treatment groups. ImageJ software is used to measure the percentage of collagen density area, while image raster software is used to measure angiogenesis. This study has shown that red fruit oil emulgel can enhance collagen production and angiogenesis in incisional wound healing. The optimal dose concentration of red fruit oil emulgel to increase collagen density and the amount of angiogenesis in incisional wound healing was shown in red fruit oil emulgel with a concentration of 15% w/v. The conclusion is that red fruit oil emulgel leads to an increase in collagen density and angiogenesis during wound healing in rat incisions.

Caspase-9 plays a critical role in mediating apoptosis through various intrinsic pathway triggers within the mitochondria. Failure to respond to apoptotic stimuli in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) can lead to chemotherapy resistance related to deviations in the caspase pathway in lymphoblasts. This study aims to assess the caspase-9 expression both before and after the induction phase of chemotherapy in children with ALL and its association with several clinical parameters. This prospective study involved pediatric patients aged 1-18 years who were newly diagnosed with ALL and administered induction-phase chemotherapy following the 2018 Indonesian National Protocol for ALL treatment. The expression of caspase-9 was evaluated before and after the induction phase from bone marrow aspirate using flow cytometry. The variance in caspase-9 expression was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, with p < 0.05 for a two-tailed test was considered statistically significant. Out of the 37 pediatric ALL cases, 17 met the specified criteria. The median expression of caspase-9 before chemotherapy in dead children was higher (p = 0.182). The median expression before chemotherapy increased after the induction phase of chemotherapy (p = 0.561). The caspase-9 expression was low in children with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (p = 0.015, p = 0.009). Expression of caspase-9 was elevated after chemotherapy and higher in surviving children than in dead children. Caspase-9 expression before chemotherapy was low in children with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.

Kediri District is an endemic area, with dengue fever cases occurring every year. Kediri District has different topography, namely lowlands and highlands. The air temperature in the region ranges from 23 C to 31 C, but dengue fever cases occur evenly in the Kediri District area. Several factors influence the high number of Dengue Fever Cases, one of which is the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in an area. The purpose of this study was to describe dengue fever cases, dengue fever risk areas and topography in Kediri District, East Java, Indonesia. This study was observational with cross sectional design. The object of the study was community health clinics in Kediri district, 37 areas. The variables studied were data on dengue fever cases, topography, and dengue risk areas. Data collection was done using interview and observation techniques. Data were displayed in the form of graphs and maps using Arcgis application. Results showed Kediri Regency 97% risk of dengue fever with percentage free of larvae of an area < 95%. From 37 public health services, Dengue fever cases are still the highest and all over the area scattered, the highest case in Public health service Pare observed from the topography of the Kediri Regency, 73% lowland.

Introduction: Understanding the interplay of paraclinical factors in individuals with COVID-19 is crucial for predicting disease prognosis. This study aims to explore the correlation between lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels, CT scan findings, and the ultimate outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at Valiasr Hospital in Birjand.Methods: Conducting a retrospective analysis, this study investigated 258 COVID-19 patients aged 14 and above, who sought medical attention at Valiasr Hospital in Birjand city in 2020. The research meticulously documented patients' demographic details encompassing gender, age, education level, underlying health conditions, lymphocyte count, and other pertinent information. CT scan findings, the ultimate patient outcomes, and serum levels of CRP were systematically recorded and comprehensively analyzed using a study checklist. This comprehensive examination aims to provide a detailed retrospective understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing COVID-19 outcomes among patients in Birjand.Findings: The average age was 61.06±20.06 years. 50.8% of patients were male. 10.9% of patients died. The average number of lymphocytes did not differ significantly according to the severity of lung involvement (P=0.291), but the average number of WBC (P=0.031), the percentage of lymphocytes (P=0.047) and CRP (P<0.001) was significantly different from each other according to the severity of the conflict. CRP levels in discharged group were significantly lower than dead, ward and ICU admitted ones (P<0.05). CRP levels were significantly lower in without lung involvement patients than all other groups except the mild involvement group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of CRP and white blood cell count, coupled with a decrease in lymphocyte percentage, were linked to more lung involvement. Furthermore, a reduction in both the number and percentage of lymphocytes correlated with a more severe condition as well as the high CRP levels’ effect.

Inflammation is often the key element that results in dysregulation of one or more of the biochemical pathways responsible for the pathological development of disease. Uncontrolled acute inflammation can become chronic, contributing to various chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer. Primary stimulation is generally elicited by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Petiveria alliacea L. has been reported pharmacologically to have anti-microbial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the Petiveria alliacea potential as an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine target proteins (IL1R and TNFAR) in silico. The test compounds are selected compounds obtained from the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS results of Petiveria alliacea leaf extract and the reference results from Google, which are compounds that have been widely studied. Prior to docking, the downloaded compounds were prepared using PyRx 0.8, and then docked with both receptors using AutoDock Vina, and visualization of the docking results was carried out using Biovia Discovery Studio 2019. The docking results showed that the Myricitrin compound had a lower binding affinity value than the IL1R receptor inhibitor, which indicated that it had better activity compared to the inhibitor as well as the isoarborinol acetate compound against TNFAR. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that the 70% ethanol extract of Petiveria alliacea leaves has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1R and TNFAR).