Hakim Journal
Year:2002 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:16

The main purpose of this study was to determine the mental health status of people , aged 15 and over in rural and urban areas in the Year 19,99. For this reason; 35(J14 individuals were selected by random cluster sampling and evaluated by General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) as screening tool The cut ()ff point for GHQ:-28 - obtained - through GHQ method of scoring and evaluation of 879 samples" by using DSM-W clinical interview checklist. The results showed that by using score of 6 in GHQ-28 as cut off point, 21% of individuals (25.9% females and 14.9% males) suffered from mental disorders. Mental disorders were more Common in the provinces of Chahar Mahal-Bakhtiary (38.9%) and Golestan (37.3%), and the least were in province of Yazd (11.7%). The prevalence of mental disorders were 21.3% in rural , and. 20.9% in the urban areas. It also showed that depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent than somatization and social dysfunction. The interview of families by general practitioner revealed that the rate of mental retardation, epilepsy and psychosis were 1.4 ,1.2 and 0.6 percent, respectively.This study indicated that there were a significant correlation between prevalence of mental disorders and age. It also indicated a higher prevalence of mental disorders in the widowed,Divorced and married individuals, unemployed, retired and housewives.

vireo cholera, a microorganism which cause cholera disease, is highly epidemic And spreads through contaminated water and food. Detection of this organism can be done by Water test in order to prevent the spread of this highly infectious disease. In this study the drinking water in Feizabad and Qomi, countryside residential area of Taybad , Was tested. The bacteria were isolated by em1chment in Alkaline Pepton Water followed by Growing in TCBS Agar. Our results showed that the environmental isolates were similar to the Vireo cholera biotype El tor in the aspect of the biochemical test and microscopic observation. Antibody against V. cholera 01 did not agglutinate these strains. For this reason these bacteria were identified as, V.cholera non-O1. The resistance of bacteria to different antibiotics was also evaluated. The pattern of arteriogram of these bacteria was the same as biotype El tor which have been appeared as an sensitive in Bangladesh The bacteria werer resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin and sensitive to Tetracycline.

Individuals with psycho-personalit"y characteristics such as low tolerance, haplessness, antisocial behaviors, inferiority complex, dependence, sever anxiety and so on have a good background for addiction. This survey was perfumed to determine characteristic personality of addicts in Zahedan rehabilitation center. In this study 132 individuals from rehabilitation center were tested by filling a questionnaire during a clinical interview and for evaluating its scientific validity, content and Prediction validity methods were used and its scientific reliability was verified during a, test-retest Procedure. Data analysis was, done by descriptive and analytical statistics. On, .the basis of this research, most the opiate addicts had 18-25 years old and had not finished "high school, whose addictions started in early age. In this study, 88% of participants had more than one time of withdrawn from addiction and 40.9% had a psychiatric visit ant{ 12% had previous history of hospitalization in psychiatric wards. Referring to present results, the most prevalent traits were borderline personality, narcissistic and antisocial personality, respectively. In tesied persons. 47.4% had all three kinds of above mentioned traits mid 9% had none of them

An important goal in radiography is to obtain the best image by delivering the least radiation dose to the. Patient. There is no doubt that by implementing radiation protection regulations, the radiation dose which received by the patient can be controlled. Reduction of image quality may cause repetition of X-ray examination which in turn leads to extra and unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. This study was an attempt to evaluate the status of 51 radiological centers according to some Parameters affecting the quality of images .and the radiation dose delivered to the patient. The concerning factors were X-ray department radiation safety, condition of dark room and operation of film processor according to standards, availability and proper use of safety shields and Radiation warning signs, technician knowledge and practice of self and patient protection. Our investigations showed that these canters had neither standard dark room nor proper warning signs. There was no record or any type of proper archive related to radiation protection of staff in 89% of these centers. About 82% of X-ray rooms and 77% of preventive covers had some faulty sections and 37% of them had radiation leakage. . this investigation has shown that a great number of X-ray departments throughout the country practice without proper supervision. On the basis of these findings regular monitoring of x-ray- departments and implementing radiation protection regulation are .recommended.

The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women, "referring to Shaheed Doctor Mofateh Hospital in Varamin for delivery.The study included 253 subjects who were 15-45 years old. Afghani women" were excluded from study. The collected data were anthropometric factors, type of delivery, number of pregnancy, education, Socioeconomic status, height and weight The results, showed that on the basis of body mass index (BMI), 2.8% of them were thin and 47.8% obese. The thin women were mostly among those who had abortion and the largest number. of obese women were those who, had Cesarean section The proportion of high risk deliveries, abortion and Cesarean section were 24.6%, 10% and 14.6% ,respectively. Based on the age, 26.6% of the pregnant women were in the high risk group (11.9% under 19 years old, and 14.7% over 35). About ,28% of the pregnant women had more than 5 pregnancies. In 38.5% ,of them, the interval between pregnancies was less than 2 years The mean age of the women who had undergone a Cesarean section was significantly higher than the normal delivery cases (p<0.0003). The mean weight of women with the Caesarean,section was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (p<0.001). Also the mean weight of women with normal delivery was significantly higher than that of ones who had abortion (p < 0. 02). The mean height of the women who had abortion was significantly lower than that of the women with a normal delivery (p<0.02).The stepwise regression analysis showed that income, mother"s age, and type of delivery (Caesarean section) were (in an ascending order) the most effective factors on the BMI.

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of fluoxetine and clomipramine in the treatment of OCD in children and adolescents. Twenty one boys and 9 girls ranging in age 7-17 years (mean 12.19 years) included in this study from psychiatric clinic of Roozbeh Hospital. The subjects were diagnosed by the psychiatrist in accordance to DSM-W diagnostic criteria. The clients were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group (10 boys and 5girls) received fluoxetine and the second group (11 boys and 4 girls) received clomipramine for 8 weeks. Patients received non-fixed dose of fluoxetine (20-60 mg/day) and clomipramine (25-100 mg/day) in a double-blind trial. The severity of OCD was measured at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 8 by using Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (YBOCS) and Maudseley obsessive-compulsive inventory (MOCI)Paired t-test, and Wilcoxn test utilized for " statistical analysis. Results showed that in the fluoxetine group total score of YBOCS and MOCI significantly decreased after 8 weeks by 8.3 (p=0.000l) and 4.8 (p=0.0001) respectively compared with baseline score. In the clomipramine group at this interval total score of YBOCS and MOCI decreased by 9.6 (p=0.0001) and 6.3 (p=0.0001) respectively This study noted similar efficacy between fluoxetine and clomipramine in the treatment of children, and adolescents with OCD, but fluoxetine had the significant effects on boys.

This study was conducted to detennine optimal temperature and humidity that protecting and, kepping scorpions for obtaining much toxins. The effect of four different ranges of temperature 25-29°C,30-34°C, 35-39°C& 40-44°C and two ranges of humidity 50-60% & 60-70% were examined on survival of three species of scorpions. (H. leprurus,M eupeus and A. crassicauda) under laboratory conditions.Scorpions of each ,species were randomly divided to eight groups. The number of each group was 18 for H. lepturus, and 16 for M. eupeus & A,. crassicauda respectivey. The scorpions of each group were kept in single suitable cell then delivered to their cages (cages were equipped with controling system for moisture, temperature and length of day). During the study, except for humidity and temperatur other conditions such as length of day, kind of food and it"s frequency for all scorpions were corresponded. The results of the study showed an increase in the mortality rate of scorpions at same range of moisture with increasingof temperatureor at same range of temperature with decreasingof humidity.The least to mortality rate of H. lepturus in 25-29°C temperature and 60-70% of humidity and other species in 25-29°C and 30-34°C temperature ranges (and in two humidity ranges) were appeared. It seems that above temperature and humidity conditions (in comparison with other conditions under consideration of this study) is suitable for preservation of these scorpions, for biological studies, sensitive testes, reproduction, preparation of scorpions" toxin and etc in laboratory.

The main objective of this descriptive and analytical nutritional study was to evaluate the impact of a 4-year nutrition education program of the mothers on the nutritional status of 6-48 month old children living in the outskirts of city of Kerman . Out of 2 regions chosen for this purpose, one was randomly assigned to the study (SA) and the other to the control (CA) area. Data were collected at the beginning and at the end of the intervention using questionnaires, physical examination and anthropometric measurements., The nutrition education program was based on the baseline data and was bnplementea for 2.5 years in the SA. The progress evaluation of the program was made after 2 years of mother"s nutrition education through a rapid nutrition survey of 24-35 month-old children. Analys of the qaseline data showed that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) .was a major, nutritional problem of the 6-48 month-old children in both regions. Nutritional knowlfdge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the mothers were low and related to their sodo-economic status. The progress evaluation of the program.revealed a significantly decrease in percent of stunted 24-35 month-old children tompared to that of the baseline data (P<0.03). There were improvements in the household per capita income (p<0.0001), spacing with the previous child (p<0.025), lenght of exclusive breast-feeding (p<0.01), age of starting weaning food, (P<0.025) and proper order of introduction of supplementary foods (P<0.01) Regression analys,is showed a positive correlation between (a) height for age f}nd mother"s literacy and nutrition. education (p<0.01), Also education (p<0.05) and (b) weight for height and mother"s literacy (p<0.05) ,and children"s birthweight (p<0.05). Final analysis of the data demonstrated significant improvemen( in the mother"s nutritional knowledge, type of the first supplementary food, and weaning age (p<0.0001). .Therefore, it can be concluded (hat nutrition education increased mother"s nutritio!z knowledge and improved to some extent the nutritional status of the childr.en.

In vitro effect of different concentrations(6.35, 12.07, 25.4, 31.76, 38.11, 44.46, 50.81, 57.16 and 63,51 mg/ml distilled water) of hydroalcoholic extract of Descurainia sophia and Niclosamide (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/ml distilled water) effected mature Hymenolepis nana prepared from mice intestine and mean sacrificing time of Hymenolepis nana in each concentration was measured.In conirol mice nonnal saline was used. Time to kill parasites in the concentration of 50.81 mg/ml of extract was 3.55 minutes, close to the mean time of using 40 mg/ml.Niclosamide (3.61 minutes). The worms used as control remained alive after 24 hours. For in vivo the concentrations of extract (50.8 mg/ml) and niclosamide (40 mg/ml) were given oridly as a single dose (0.3 ml) daily for seven days to white mice infected with Hymenolepis nana (30 micefor treatment with extract, 30 mice for niclosamide). The control mice were given nonnal saline. At the end of treatment, the mice were sacrified and assessed for any infection. The extract and Niclosamide were 63.7% and 90% effective in treating parasitized mice respectively. In the case of repeating the course of treatment with extract and Niclosamide(totally 14 days) the effectiveness raised to 76.6% and 96.6%, respectively, indicated that the extract was less effective in treatment trial. By increasing the concentration of the extract to 63.51 mg/ml, the tHerapeutic effects affter 7 and 14 days was increased to 86.6% and 90% respectively. We conclude that administration of hydroalcoholicextract of Descurainid sophia with the concentration of 63.51 mg/ml daily as a single dose for 7 days can cure infected mice with Hymenolepis nana.

In steady state exercises, the level of lactic acid remains unchanged while it is increased during incremental exercises.The point at which the lactic acid begins to increase, is called the anaerobic threshold (AT). This study was conducted to deteCt anaerobic threshold during exercise. In this study 15 Volunteer male athletes aged 23-26 years were selected to exercise with cycle ergometer. At the end ,of each 3-minute interval; their blood samples were obtained and work rate increased 25 watt. Spirometric indices were measured by ergometer. The results showed that during the exercise, the increase in O2 Consumption was proportional to CO2 production but above the minute 9, the volume of CO2 was increased more than O2. The distance of two curves began to increase during the minutes 9 to 12 which was the anaerobic threshokf. That has obtained using gas exchange method and the change in slope of VCO2 and VO2 regression lines.

Chylous ascites in neonates is a rare clinical condition and it"s cause is not realy know yet. We report a boy who was born at 36th week of intrauterine age with abdominal distention. His mother had a history of polyhydraminos. The history, physical exame, laboratory and radiologic evaluations were not diagnostic except for the obvious ascites and bilateral hydrocele. Paracentesis was performed and ascitic fluid was obtained which revealed milky ascitic fluid with high triglyceride level. So, the diagnosis was directed to the chylous accites after excluding any obstractions. The infant was then put on pregestimil, the medium-chain triglyceride formula, on second week of age. Since then the infant"s abdominal gilth did not increased and he continued ta grow and develop normally at one year follow up. The prognosis of this disease to medical treatment is good almost in all cases in infantile period.