SPORT PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:17 |Papers Count:11

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of selected background colors on dart throwing performance in girls before and after puberty. In this Quasi-Experimental study, 240 participants were randomly selected and after the pre-test were divided into six groups of background color. A week later the post-test was taken similar to the pre-test. Results showed that in the age group 7-9 years, the favorite color group performed better. In the age group 15-17 years, the blue background color had positive effect and red background color had negative effect. Selected colors significantly had different effect, in the two age groups. So, it seems that color can be regarded as an environmental factor involved in improvement or reduction of dart throwing performance.

The aim of this study was answering to this question whether changing visuospatial attention by manipulating the cue-target compatibility would affect the attention mechanisms that limit central processing in multiple-task situations. In this experiment, a modified psychological refractory period paradigm was incorporated in which the second task was either a detection or discrimination, and a valid or invalid cue was presented before the first stimulus. In both tasks with different time intervals, result showed that the response time to the target presented at an attended location was faster than the response time to the target at an unattended location. In the same time interval, the least reaction times was referred to the detection group and the greatest reaction time was referred to the discrimination group. Therefore, finding revealed that visuospatial attention is related to the central attentional limitation, but controlling spatial attention without central resources is possible.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative learning on adherence to handball exercise with emphasis on mediating role of sport self-efficacy and enjoyment. A number of 42 middle school students registered in one of the two handball training classes without awareness of group differences (cooperative learning: 20 individuals, conventional learning: 22 individuals). Sport self-efficacy and enjoyment were measured by sport self-efficacy questionnaire and physical activity enjoyment scale after and before the exercising interventions. Also, adherence of students to the exercise was measured based on the obtained results of the student attendance. Results showed that sport self-efficacy was significantly increased after interventions in the cooperative learning group, while sport enjoyment did not change significantly in any group. The results of studying the intra-group differences of sport self-efficacy and enjoyment showed that there was a significant difference in these two variables in conventional learning group, but not in the cooperative learning group. Although the adherence of cooperative learning group to exercise was more than the conventional learning group, this difference was not statistically significant due to the small sample of research. It seems that the cooperative learning prevents from creating a passive learning environment - which is usual in the conventional learning – by homogeneously increasing the exercise self-efficacy and preventing from intra-group sport enjoyment differences which in turn lead to the increase in adherence to the handball exercise.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the causal relationships among controlling coach behaviors, psychological needs thwarting, and in turn, sport devaluation and Intention to continue sport participation in adolescent athletes.350 Adolescent athletes of Tabriz city (185 male and 165 female) with age range from 15-18 years old were selected by random cluster sampling and completed the questionnaires. The path analysis results showed that controlling coach behaviors indirectly and through the psychological needs thwarting predicts positively sport devaluation. However, controlling coach behaviors is not related to intention to continue sport participation. Also psychological needs thwarting positively predicts sport devaluation and negatively predicts intention to continue sport participation. Overall, these findings indicate the important role of controlling coach behaviors and psychological factors in sport participation related factors of Adolescent Athletes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the frequency of instructional and motivational self-talk on motor performance in dart throwing skill.38 non-athlete male students of Islamic Azad University with Average Age of 23.3 participate in the study voluntarily and were assigned into instructional and motivational self-talk groups with one and three repetitions based on pre-test scores in dart throwing. Results showed that instructional and motivational self-talk with one repetition caused a significant improve on dart throwing performance. However, instructional and motivational self-talk with three repetitions significantly deteriorated dart throwing. In other word, repetitions of self-talk had a negative effect on dart throwing performance that could be probably due to the paralysis of analysis and apparent use of the rules.

The purpose of this research is prediction level of resiliency based on Stage of Exercise Behavior Change and self-efficacy in students. Therefore, the number of 292 male and female students in Shahid Beheshti University were selected. They completed resiliency questionnaires, Stages of Exercise Behavior Change (SEBC) and self-efficacy. Results showed significant difference between SEBC in level of resiliency and self-efficacy. Higher SEBC grades (action and maintenance) was related to higher resiliency and self-efficacy. And also we find significant positive correlation between resiliency with SEBC and self-efficacy. Finally, SEBC and self-efficacy were significant predictors the level of resiliency. Therefore, physical activity and regular exercise can be considered as reinforcing resilient environment and makes some resiliency features.

The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between mental toughness and sport success in male and female martial arts. For this purpose, 180 athletes of two sexes were chosen through purposive sampling. The instruments of this research were mental toughness questioner (MTQ-48) and sport success scale (SSS). Results of regression analysis showed that challenge and confidence factors can significantly predict the success of men in martial arts, while predictive factor for women athletes were challenge, control and commitment. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that athletes using mental skills such as mental toughness can increase their chance of success in sports competitions. It seems that the difference between predictive factors for success in men and women are due to physiological, psychological and social learning.

Bipolar disorder is a complicated chronic disease that causes pain and suffering and reduces quality of life in the patient and their family. Rhythmic physical activity is one of the ways of mental health care, in which its effectiveness, except for these patients, is frequently measured. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercises with music, on the symptoms, social relationships, and personal hygiene of Bipolar patients. A total of 17 patients (9 women and 8 men) with Bipolar mental disorder, from 160 patients living in nursing homes, were selected randomly. To measure the patients’ symptoms Frakav Bipolar disorder is used and to measure the personal hygiene and social relations, the researcher made questionnaire was used. Participants had physical activity sessions associated with music for 3 one-hour sessions a week, for 8 weeks. Results showed improvement in symptoms of Bipolar disorder patients, personal hygiene and social relations that is consistent with existing theories.

The aim of this study was to compare the expertise acquisition process in the national and international wrestling medalists. A number of 40 national and international medalists were selected through convenient sampling. The retrospective interview was used to record age of starting and the amount of wrestling exercises, physical fitness exercises, and psychological preparations. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age of starting wrestling. There was no difference between the amount of deliberate practice at the sampling phase (6-12 years) and the specializing phase (13-15 years), the difference in the amount of deliberate practice only occurred at the investment phase (above16 years). None of the wrestlers practiced psychological skills before age of 16 and only 20 percent of these wrestlers practiced psychological skills after the age of 16. The findings of this study can be informative and fruitful for sports planners, coaches and parents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of football players’ psychological capital with regard to the role of spiritual leadership and social capital in the Asia Vision League in Fars province. The population of the study consisted of all football players involved in Asia Vision League in Fars province. Considering the statistical population size (N=180), the sample size was equal to the statistical population, and it was used the whole population sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire was used. The results showed that the psychological capital of players in the league was found to be moderate, the results also showed that the spiritual leadership could influence the player's psychological capital both directly and indirectly through the social capital. According to the results, it is suggested that coaches who have spiritual leadership style can improve the status of the psychological capital and exhibit a better performance of the team.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of aerobic and Pilates training on body image and eating disorders among female students. After completing the of body image and eating disorders questionnaires by students, 60 participants were selected and divided into four homogeneous groups. Then, the experimental groups performed the aerobics and Pilates training programs for eight weeks with moderate intensity for 45 minutes three times a week The results showed that aerobic and Pilates training had a significant effect on the reduction risk of eating disorder and favorite body image, however, there was no significant difference between the effects of Pilates and aerobics training methods on body image and eating disorders. Using these two methods of training can create favorite mental image of the body and reduce the risk of eating disorders among female students.