AQUATIC PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

This research was carried out to determine the effect of glucose and corn starch on hematological and serum biochemical indices of Siberian sturgeons. A total of 120 Siberian sturgeons weighing 25.64±2.80g were treated with diets containing glucose 15%, glucose 30%, corn starch 15% or corn starch 30% (four treatments in three replicates) for 8 weeks. Results showed that fish fed corn starch 15% had the highest amount of hematocrit, hemoglobin and number of red and white blood cells, that revealed the significant difference with corn starch 30% treatment (P<0.05). The highest number of lymphocytes belonged to the fish fed glucose 15% and 30% that showed significant difference with corn starch 15% treatment (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, globulin and albumin between experimental treatments (P>0.05). Fish fed glucose 30% showed the highest contents of liver enzymes (P>0.05). No significant difference was found ina-Amylase enzyme among trial treatments. Nevertheless, glucose 30% treatment had the lowest level ofa-Amylase enzyme. According to results, corn starch at the level of 15% could improve and reinforce some hematological and biochemical parameters in Siberian sturgeon

Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of natural and bioactive compounds.Saponin is the most important and abundant secondary metabolite in sea cucumbers which has a wide range of pharmaceutical and biological activities.The objective of this study was to extract the saponin from the Persian Gulf sea cucumber Stichopus hermanni and to survey it qualitatively. The purified saponin was extracted from the body wall of sea cucumbers during the heating procedure. Foam formation ability, thin layer chromatography, and high performance thin layer chromatography confirmed the presence of saponin in the sea cucumber. In determining the foam formation index, the foam height increased in the periods of 15 and 60 min with the increase of extract volume and in the case of the highest extract volume, the highest amount of foam was formed. Thin layer chromatography showed that during the heating procedure, the other terpenoids were removed and what was remained was the pure saponin with Rf 0.84 that is ester saponin.

The mantle of bivalves has an important role in the forming of the shell and the pearl. The purpose of the present study is comprehension of the histological structure of the mantle edge and comparison of this tissue in a pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata and an edible oyster, Saccostrea cucullata. This study is the first research regarding the comparative histology of mantle edge in pearlproducing and non pearl-producing bivalves of the Persian Gulf. The anterior, posterior and ventral segments of each valve’s mantle edge were removed and the samples were stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin method. The results showed that the mantle edge in each species has three folds with different and specific shapes. The cells of two species’ mantle edges such asmucus cells, brown granules, hemocyte and muscle fibers were similar to each other, but their distribution in each fold was different. It concludes that there are various color and morphological structure in the mantle edge of each species.

In this study, at first, the effects of the acute toxicity of agricultural pesticide, diazinon, on adult males of gold fish were determined. After analyzing the results using Probit software, the amount of LC50 was distinguished during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The amount of LC50 was 11.4 in 96 hours and the fish were assorted according to 0.1 and 0.01 percent of LC50 in 96 hours and were put there for about 7 months. Then, the level of total protein, serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) was studied. The results showed that fish were affected by high concentration of diazinon, had the lowest ALP (P<0.05) but ALT, AST, glucose and total protein increased significantly (P<0.05).

Cytochrome CYP1A is one of the main involved enzymes in the metabolism ofthe xenobiotic. Identifying the cytochrome P450 (CYP1A), responsible for themajor metabolic pathways, can lead to understanding the metabolism pathwayof organic materials and PAHs adaptation of sea fish. Results from cloning andidentifying CYP1A gene in Periophthalmus waltoni showed CYP1A contained1035 nucleotide from open reading frame sequenced. CYP1A basal geneexpression was varied from 23, 22, 19, 17, 11, 11% for gill, kidney, heart, intestine, brain respectively. According to the results, liver organ showed the highest response of CYP1A gene expression like other fish species. But, the basic gene expression of CYP1A in other organs in comparison with liver organ was higher. Although basal expression pattern of genes depending on the species, high basal expression of gene CYP1A due to P. waltoni was exposure to PAH in natural conditions. Different CYP1A gene expression pattern indifferent organs showed eco physiological condition of mudskipper.So, P. waltoni has the potential to be used as an exact biomarker for evaluation of organic pollutant of ecosystems especially PAHs.

Enhancing the survival of the aquatic products is one of the most important concerns during processing industry. So the aim of present study was evaluating the antibacterial effects of rosemary essence and nisin on silver carp’s fillet. The treatments had composed of rosemary (1.5%), nisin (0.5g/Kg), both nisin and rosemary and control group without any additive. In order to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of rosemary and nisin, the Salmonella typhimurium (as an index pathogenic bacteria, 5 log CFU/g) was inoculated on silver carp’s fillet and the growth of the bacteria was measured every three days (0, 3, 6, 9). The results revealed that the significant positive effect has been observed in all treatments in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The independent usage of nisin and rosemary had better effects than the combined treatment.According to the results, we can use nisin and rosemary separately as a selected treatment for inhibiting the growth of bacteria on silver carp’s fillets during the preservation.

Effect of different level of Allium sativum on growth performances and some immune system indices of juvenile Acipenser baerii were investigated.150 Acipenser baerii juveniles by the average weight of 30.45±0.40g with outsignificant difference were stocked in fifteen fiberglass tanks and fed by fivediets with different level of added garlic powder (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%), including AS0, AS0.5, AS1, AS1.5, AS2 for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, highestof final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, the specific growth rate was dueto fish fed by AS0.5 and AS1 which had a significant difference with fish fed by control (AS0) diet (P<0.05). The best food conversion ratio was recorded in fishfed by AS1 diet (P<0.05). Fish fed AS1 had highest protein efficiency ratiocompared other treatments (P<0.05). A significant increasing amount of plasmalysozyme were found in fish fed AS1 and AS1.5 compared control (P<0.05).However, the highest of the value of IgM were recorded in AS1.5 (P<0.05).Complement (C4) was not affected on different levels of garlic. Results of thisstudy indicated that Allium sativum (1 and 1.5%) had a positive effect ongrowth rate and some of the immune system (lysozyme and IgM)of Acipenser baerii.