DEPICTION OF HEALTH
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: Because of the nature of the disease, many patients with cancer are at higher risk of malnutrition. This may result in a remarkable reduction in the quality of life and poor prognosis. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a standard tool for assessment of the nutritional status of cancer patients in both research and clinical settings which enables screening and assessing nutritional status of cancer patients. The aim of this study was cross culturally adaption and validation of PG-SGA in Persian for using in Iranian patients. Material and Methods: The guidelines of International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) was used for the cross cultural adaption of PG-SGA. The measures for content, face and construct validity using exploratory factor analysis were investigated. Tool relevancy for data analysis was calculated by intra class correlation coefficient and internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Results: The accessibility rate of PG-SGA was 100%, and content validity in terms of its ease of understanding, difficulty, and relevancy were found 0. 94, 0. 84 and 0. 92, respectively. The face validity was 100%. The reliability of the tool using test-retest was calculated 0. 84. An internal consistency of 0. 60 was obtained using Cronbach's Alpha, and a value of more than 0. 60 for structural validity was achieved (p<0. 001). Conclusion: The Persian version of PG-SGA is an easy to understand tool. It may be used to assess nutritional problems in cancer patients in Iran.

Background and Objectives: Maternal health program is one of main domains of the primary health care worldwide. Considering the identified problems in evaluation system of the Iranian maternal health program, this study was conducted to develop improvement solutions for evaluation system of this program. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study which was performed by the participation of 14 experts in maternal health program. The inclusion criteria included having at least five managerial experiences or 10 years of operative experiences in maternal health program. The study participants were selected using purposive sampling. The researchers conducted three non-structured grouped interviews and two individual interviews to obtain experts’ solutions for resolving identified problems. The content analysis was used to analyze the obtained data. Results: The present study identified improvement solutions for evaluation system of maternal health programs in the form of four main themes. The identified solutions were reported in four main themes including “ the evaluation process of the maternal health program” , “ the evaluation program tools” , “ the clinical information system” , and “ the required manpower to execute the program” . The themes related to the “ evaluation process of the program” and “ the required human resources for the program” had the most and least of the findings, respectively. Conclusion: The identified shortcomings and solutions in this study revealed the reasons for the failure of the maternal health program to achieve its desired outcomes. Undoubtedly, the implementation of the proposed procedures will lead to the quality and performance improvement in this program.

Background and Objectives: Mega-trends are fundamental changes in the societies, technologies and political conditions, and create long-term changes in the community. The aim of this study was to formulate Human Resource strategies for the health system based on the mega-trends. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical study. The research community was the high-level documents and experts. Sampling for documents was conducted by census method and non-probabilistic sampling was applied for experts. The method of collecting data was mixed method in a single study. The high-level documentation of the health system was investigated by using Delphi technique. The strategic positioning of human resource in the health system was determined by the method of Snow & Miles. Then, the mega-trends of health domain in the new millennium were identified through library and internet resources, and analyzed using Trend Analysis, macro to micro scanning, expert opinion, and aging human resource strategies were written. Results: Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the high-level documents of the health system by the experts and the use of the Snow & Miles method, the strategic position of the health system was "prospectors. " Based on the principle of alignment and innovation in strategic human resource management, thirteen aggressive, defensive, conservative, and competitive strategies of HR for aging services were written for the maximum use of cross-sectional capacity of the health system and the provision of desirable old-age services in regard to the experts’ opinion. Conclusion: The aging HR strategies should be consistent with the needs of the elderly, high-level documents, strategic health status, and the mega-trends.

Background and Objectives: The heavy costs of patient care in intensive care units are very significant; as approximately 20% of hospital costs are allocated to these sections. The purpose of this study was to compare the costs of hospitalized patients in surgical and internal medicine wards in the pediatric intensive care unit. Material and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, 120 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Imam Hossein Hospital of Isfahan based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied. Patients' information was collected from their records; and the hospitalization costs of patients in internal medicine and surgical wards were compared. The statistical analyzes in the descriptive section included mean and standard deviation; and in the analytical section, Chi-square test and for comparing quantitative data, independent t-test were applied using SPSS 22 software. Results: The length of stay for patients in internal medicine ward was significantly higher than surgical patients (23. 76± 18. 07 vs. 9. 5± 13. 03 days) (P<0. 001). In total, the costs of patients in internal medicine ward were higher than surgical patients, because of their longer stay in PICU (P<0. 05), but the costs of procedures especially in the first 10 days of admission were higher in surgical patients. Conclusion: Achieving an optimum hospital cost for patients in internal medicine and surgical wards requires different management in different fields.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a chronic disease which may lead to development of serious complications. These complications increase the burden of disease and decrease the quality of life in affected patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the eight dimensions of quality of life and general health in women with type 2 diabetes in Tabriz. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the study population consisted of all female patients with type 2 diabetes. Sample size included 300 participants who were selected based on cluster sampling method. The study tool was General Health Questionnaire and Health Survey of Weir and Sherburne SF-36. Non-parametric binomial test was used to analyze the data. Results: Based on the results, 58% of women with type 2 diabetes had mental disorders. The results also showed that 6% of women with type 2 diabetes had severe physical symptoms, 9% anxiety, 2% social dysfunction and 1% depression. The mean of quality of life components for physical function was 57. 30, physical role 57. 89, emotional role 57. 54, vitality 56. 08, mental health 60. 29, social function 63. 97, physical pain 56. 91 and 53. 16 for general health. Conclusion: Diabetes is a chronic disease which affects the patients’ mental health. Therefore, their mental health status should be evaluated in the diabetes treatment programs by practitioners.

Background and Objectives: The number of elderlies is increasing in Iran and the world dramatically. Noncommunicable diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among elderly people. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia among elderlies of Sahlan area of Tabriz, Iran. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 elderlies who were 60 years of age or older (126 females, 119 males). The questionnaire of Ministry of Health on older people was formulated for them. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and chi-square test. Results: The results showed that 26. 9% of the participants were in the normal range of weight, 31. 02% were overweight and 42. 04% had obesity. In total, the prevalence of hypertension was 42. 44% which was 53. 96% among women and 30. 25% among men (P-value=0. 04). The prevalence of diabetes was 20. 81% which was 26. 98% among women and 14. 28% among men. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 50. 6%, which was 56. 34% among women and 44. 53% among men. Conclusion: Assessing the screening of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia among elderlies of Sahlan area showed that the prevalence of overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia was high. Therefore, the management of these problems needs education, follow-up and thoughtful planning.

Background and Objectives: Nursing is a non-stop job 24 hours a day, because patient caring is a full time task. The purpose of this study was to compare work-family conflict and burnout in nurses with and without rotating shifts. Material and Methods: This was a causal-comparative study. The population of this study consisted of nurses in Tabriz hospitals in 2017 and the sample size for this study included 160 individuals selected randomly based on multi-stage cluster for each group. To collect data, Terez Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2010) and Maslach (1988) job burnout were applied. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that nurses with constant work shift reported less work-family conflict, family-work conflict, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal failure and burnout than nurses with rotating shift work, and these differences were significant at P<0. 01 level. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that rotating nursing system causes problems in the family and nursing performance. This could have significant impact in policy-making for nursers’ health.

Background and Objectives: Clinical education is an integral part of nursing education. One of the ways to ensure the ability of nursing students is to provide clinical education. For this purpose, awareness about the needs of nurses is essential to achieve this goal. The purpose of this study was a narrative review on the importance of collaborative clinical education models to meet the caring health needs of the community and learning needs of students. Material and Methods: In this narrative review study, a comprehensive overview was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and SID between 2005 and 2017, and only Persian and English articles were included. They English keywords included: clinical education, nursing education, education, significance collaborative. Also, Persian keywords included: clinical education, nursing education, and the importance of participation. Results: A total number of 526 records were evaluated in four selected databases of which 10 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study. There is no model that fully implements nursing program requirements. In this study, a variety of participatory models of clinical education containing the traditional model and guide model were included, which educational-participatory model was the most effective. Conclusion: The dimensions of clinical education and its philosophy require the provision of facilities, review of tools and clinical evaluation processes. Improving the performance of clinical educators and attracting professional human resources based on the proposed model may be helpful in improving clinical education.