Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Title: 
Author(s): 

Journal: 

حرکت

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    پیاپی 24
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1043
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

حرکت

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1384
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    پیاپی 24
  • Pages: 

    129-149
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    1744
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

با توجه به عوامل تشکیل دهنده ساختار کار که لازم است سبک مناسب رهبری مطابق با نیازها و سازگار با آنها انتخاب شود تا منجر به اثربخشی رهبری گردد. نقش نظام اجتماعی (کارکنان)، تعیین کننده تر از نظام فنی در اثربخشی رهبری و تحقق اهداف سازمانی است. از این رو ضرورت دارد مدیران، سبک خود را مطابق با نیازهای نظام فنی و اجتماعی بویژه با نظام اجتماعی (کارکنان) چنان سازگار سازند تا اثربخشی حاصل شود. در نتیجه، شناخت الگوهای رفتاری مرتبط با نظام های فنی – اجتماعی نقش مهمی در اثربخشی رهبری و اداره بهینه امور سازمانی دارد. هدف این تحقیق، تبیین رابطه سبک های رهبری کیفیت زندگی کاری (QWI) کارکنان و اثربخشی مدیران دانشکده ها و گروه های تربیت بدنی کل کشور است. روش تحقیق حاضر، از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی بوده و به شکل میدانی اجرا شده است. جامعه آماری را تمامی مدیران و اعضای هیات علمی دانشکده ها و گروه های تربیت بدنی تشکیل می دهند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات لازم از پرسشنامه های استاندارد تحلیل رفتار رهبر بلانچارد برای تعیین سبک های رهبری انتخابی مدیران و اثربخشی آنان و از پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی کاری مطابق با الگوی والتون برای تعیین کیفیت زندگی کاری کارکنان استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد. بین سبک های رهبری انتخابی مدیران با اثربخشی آنان اختلاف معنی داری وجود دارد، اما بین سبک های رهبری و کیفیت زندگی کاری کارکنان اگر چه اختلاف محسوسی وجود دارد، ولی معنی دار نیست. همچنین بین کیفیت زندگی کاری کارکنان و اثربخشی مدیران رابطه معنی دار وجود دارد.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

حرکت

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1384
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    پیاپی 24
  • Pages: 

    115-127
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1316
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

هدف از پژوهش، مطالعه و تاثیر یک دوره فعالیت ورزشی منظم مانند پیاده روی بر سطح اضطراب زنان باردار سه ماهه دوم و سوم بارداری است. روش پژوهش، نیمه تجربی و به شکل میدانی است. بدین منظور 40 زن باردار سه ماهه دوم و سوم بارداری (بارداری اول و دوم که به طور مساوی در گروه ها قرار داشتند) که bmi قبل بارداریشان 19 تا 25 بود، به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه تجربی و دو گروه گواه تقسیم شدند. نخست آزمودنی ها به پرسشنامه اضطراب کتل پاسخ دادند، سپس بر روی دو گروه تجربی یک برنامه ویژه پیاده روی با شدت 50 تا 65 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه به مدت 8 هفته انجام شد. پس از آن، همه آزمودنی ها به پرسشنامه اضطراب کتل پاسخ دادند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که بین سطح اضطراب گروه تجربی و گواه در سه ماهه دوم و سوم بارداری تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد (P<0.05). در حالی که مقایسه تاثیر ورزش بر سطح اضطراب دو گروه تجربی سه ماهه دوم و سوم بارداری تفاوت معنی داری نشان نداد (P>0.05). از بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج حاصل از فرضیه های اول و دوم پژوهش در مورد سطح اضطراب 4 گروه و مشاهده رابطه معنی دار بین آنها، می توان نتیجه گرفت که پیاده روی در گروه های مورد بررسی بدون در نظر گرفتن سه ماهه های بارداری به طور کلی تاثیر مثبت داشته و فعالیت بدنی موجب کاهش اضطراب در زنان باردار می شود.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

حرکت

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1384
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    پیاپی 24
  • Pages: 

    25-43
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    3
  • Views: 

    2584
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

ورزش و تفریحات سالم به عنوان صنعت پردرآمد، به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در توسعه اقتصادی کشورهای پیشرفته دخالت دارد. به دلیل روشن نبودن وضعیت این صنعت در ایران، محقق بر آن شد با استفاده از «روش مصرف» سهم ورزش از GDP را مشخص سازد. از این رو، هزینه های خانوار و دولت، تشکیل سرمایه های بخش خصوصی و دولتی، صادرات و واردات بخش ورزش بررسی شد. نتایج حاصله بیانگر سهم 0.38 و 0.39 درصدی این صنعت از GDP در سال های 1377 و 1380 است. عدم گرایش خانوار به ورزش و افت سهم هزینه های ورزشی از کل هزینه خانوار (0.22 درصد در 1377 و 0.17 درصد در 1380) و همچنین پایین بودن سهم صادرات ورزشی نسبت به کل صادرات (0.04 درصد در 1377 و 0.06 درصد در 1380) و سرمایه گذاری ورزشی بخش خصوصی نسبت به کل سرمایه گذاری های همین بخش (0.001 درصد در 1377 و 0.005 درصد در 1380) در کاهش سهم ورزش از GDP موثرند.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

حرکت

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1384
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    پیاپی 24
  • Pages: 

    101-113
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    7994
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

تحقیق حاضر تاثیر مصرف ویتامین B1 (تیامین) بر تغییر غلظت های گلوکز و اسید لاکتیک خون را بررسی می کند. بدین منظور 41 مرد غیرورزشکار با دامنه سنی 30-20 سال داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند و در 3 گروه: تجربی 1، تجربی 2، و کنترل (پلاسیو) به صورت تصادفی جای گرفتند. قرص های ویتامین B1 در دوزهای مختلف به صورت تصادفی به هر یک از سه گروه اختصاص داده شد. این پژوهش به شیوه دوسوکور انجام شد. آزمودنی ها دو مرحله برنامه بیشینه استورر دیویس را روی ارگومتر، با میانگین شدت 90 درصد ضربان قلب ذخیره (HRR) اجرا کردند. مرحله اول، قبل از مصرف تیامین و مرحله دوم بعد از 10 روز متوالی مصرف تیامین. افراد روی ارگومتر طوری رکاب می زدند که به واماندگی می رسیدند. هزینه کالری مصرفی روزانه افراد برآورد شد. بلافاصله پس از اجرای پروتکل، 5 سی سی خون از ورید بازویی به صورت ناشتا گرفته می شد. تغییرات غلظت گلوکز به روش آنزیماتیک (GOD-PAP) و اسید لاکتیک خون (به روش تایلور 1996) آنالیز گردید. یافته ها نشان می دهد مصرف روزانه 30 و 450 میلی گرم تیامین در کاهش غلظت گلوکز خون تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (P>0.05). در صورتی که مصرف روزانه 450 میلی گرم تیامین، غلظت اسید لاکتیک را به طور معنی داری کاهش داد (P<0.05). نیمرخ تغییرات کاهنده اسید لاکتیک برای مصرف روزانه 30 میلی گرم تیامین قابل توجه نبوده است. به نظر می رسد مصرف بیشینه 450 میلی گرم مصرف روزانه 30 میلی گرم تیامین قابل توجه نبوده است. به نظر می رسد مصرف بیشینه 450 میلی گرم تیامین درجه خستگی پذیری و آستانه لاکتات را افزایش می دهد و بر میزان تحمل ورزشی فرد می افزاید.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    5-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1057
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

During four last decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to the presupposed relationship between body shape and dimensions, hydrodynamic resistance related to drag in active swimmers and anthropometric variables. The development of a new indirect method to determine active drag (IMAD) warranted a reevaluation of this relationship, which was the aim of present work 20 experienced female swimmers with different body shapes aged between 13 and 19 and in mass between 42 and 68 kg volunteered in this study. They were requested to swim a 10-meter distance as fast as they could and three to five trials with enough rest in between. They were also instructed to glide at the end of the 10-meter swim by whistling until still position. The time of the 10-meter swim and the glide distance were measured with reasonable precision (10-2 Sec. and 10-2 m respectively). The variables were mass, weight, upper limit length, arm length, forearm length, head circumference, arm circumference and biacromial distance. Very high and significant correlations were found between active drag and anthropometric variables. In addition to a high degree of correlation between maximal body cross - section and active drag, significant correlations were also found between several other anthropometric variables and drag. Except for the head circumference and biacromial distance, the other variables had high and significant correlations with drag force. The drag force for swimmers at national team ranged from 26 to 36 N, while for other well experienced swimmers from 16 to 32 N. The results agreed well with the results by other researchers using MAD system.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 1057

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    25-44
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    359
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Sports industry can help significantly the economy in a country as it creates direct and indirect economic development. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impact of sports industry in Iran in 1998 and 2001, to help demonstrate the value of the sports sector in Iran via "expenditure method". In order to identify the relationship between sports and national economy, we collected household and government expenditure on sport, investment and sporting goods exports and imports. Our results indicated that the sport share of GDP is 0.38% in 1998 and 0.39% in 2001. Sport expenditure in Iran was very low, about 0.22% in 1998 and 0.06% in 2001 and sport export was also little, about 0.04$ in 1998 and 0.06% in 2001. However, sport economic development was very low in sports industry of Iran, but GDSP was higher than the growth in the whole economy (GDP). GDSP and GDP showed an increase of about 64.72% and 61.50% respectively.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

MOKHTARI P. | ROSTAMI R.

Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    45-58
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    1242
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This research tried to investigate and compare the effect of electronic music on speed running of runners and non - athletes of Tehran in moderate level. For this reason, among male runners of Tehran who worked in moderate level and exercised in running field under the supervision of teachers for minimum three months, only 41 (X±SE age 16.5±1.31Y) who exercised in Shahid Shiroodi stadium were selected as sample and as subjects of running test. They were classified in three experimental groups and one controlling group. The groups were harmonized according to the records of pretest. Among the male non -athletes of moderate level in Tehran, 54 male students of technical school in district of education (X±SE age17.39±1.01Y) were selected as subjects. In this plan, after 20 minutes of exercise (1 minute walking quickly, 8 minutes running smoothly, 8 minutes performing active and static tension exercise and 3 minutes interval exercise), speed running test of 100 meters was performed as the pre -test for all non-athletes according to the records of pre - test. Subjects were classified in 3 experimental groups and one controlling group. Each independent group (electronic music with fast and with slow rhythm and with desirable music) accidentally was chosen for each experimental group. After 48 hours, each group listened to the mentioned music through walkman and headphones along with performing 20 minutes of exercise. After this period, a post - test (running 100 meters) was performed. But for controlling group after 20 minutes of exercise without music, post-test was performed. This method was performed over runners. Then, T test was performed to analyze statistics in independent groups and to compare the post-test of each experimental group with that of the controlling group. In addition, ANOVA analytical method was performed to harmonize experimental and controlling group, to compare the effect of 3 kinds of music over running of athletes and non - athletes and to compare the difference of post - test and pre - test of running race in non - athletes and runners. The conclusions show that electronic music with slow and fast rhythm and applying desirable music over runners and non - athletes have not a meaningful effect. Besides, the amount of music effect over speed running of runners in comparison with non - athletes has not meaningful difference.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    59-72
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    2166
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Athletes, who participate in activities and athletic competitions, have different motives and possibly different sport orientations. The purpose of this study is to compare the study on sport orientations of athlete students in University of Gilan. For this purpose, 134 athlete students (98 males and 36 females) were selected as subjects. Individual characteristics such as gender, .sport field,(individual or team) and major field (PE or Non - PE) were asked at the beginning. To measure sport orientation, Gill's standard sport orientation questionnaire - 1988 (SOQ) was used in three aspects of competitiveness, winning, and goal orientations. After translation of original questionnaire and consulting 8 PE and social science faculty members, it was used in two pilot studies and the reliability was estimated through method of Cronbakh Alpha Coefficient (R = 0.88). The results indicated the following the priorities of sport orientation of athlete students were :1. Goal; 2. Competitiveness;3. Winning .However, there was no significant difference in priority of sport orientation  among students with regard to gender sport field (team or individual), and major field (PE or Non - PE). For a more careful comparison and further recognition of sport orientation, more investigations among different levels of athletes are required.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    73-86
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1910
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of present study was to examine the effectiveness of diet and exercise accompanied by acupuncture for two months on body mass and spot reduction in adult women. 40 volunteer subjects (BF%≥30) aged between 25 and 50 were selected from the surrounding community through advertisements. They were classified randomly to three classes: 1- exp 1(diet and exercise) 2- exp (diet and exercise accompanied by acupuncture) 3- cont. (control). Data related to the 27 (%BF=35. 7T3) subjects were analyzed using the statistical program of SPSS (Anova-Manova). The rest of subjects were excluded because they didn't take part regularly in the program. Body mass index, body mass and body fat decreased significantly (P≥0.05)in Exp1and Exp2 groups in comparison with Cont. group. Abdominal and thigh skin folds decreased significantly (P≥0.05) in Exp1 and Exp2 groups in comparison with cont. Group. Conclusion : Like other work, we found that fat reduced in center in the body of both experimental groups (1,5,6).

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

BESHARAT M.A.

Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    87-100
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    4
  • Views: 

    3417
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of coping with stress on sport achievement. Forty - eight student athletes (26 boys, 22 girls) from the faculty of physical education and sport sciences, University of Tehran, included this study. All participants were asked to complete the inventory of coping styles in sport (ICSS). The athletes' coaches were asked to rate the sport achievement scale (SAS) in order to measure students' sport achievement. The results revealed that approach coping style was negatively associated with sport achievement. Avoidant coping style was positively associated with sport achievement in male athletes but not female athletes. Approach coping style increases the possibility of sport failure through an engagement with the source of stress, decreasing concentration and attention, and increasing anxiety and distress. A avoidant coping style, on the other hand, increases the possibility of sport achievement through turning away from stressors and  continuing sport activities without anxiety and distress.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 3417

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    101-114
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    247
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This study investigates the effect of vitamin B1 (thiamin) consumption on the variation in blood glucose concentration and lactic acid. In this research 41 male athletes aged between 20-30 voluntarily were selected and randomly placed in 3 groups. Vitamin B1 tablets in different dosages were randomly given to each group (control, experimental 1 and experimental 2) and double - blind method was used. The subjects performed 2 stages of maximal storer davis on ergo meter with mean rate of 90% HRR. In the first stage, before thiamin consumption and in the second stage after a 10-day continuous consumption, subjects cycled until exhaustion and then daily calorie consumption was estimated. Immediately after performance, 5cc blood of hemoral vein was taken. Then variations of glucose concentration (enzymatic method GOD - PAP) and blood lactic acid (Taylor 1996) were analyzed. Results showed that 30 and 450 mg daily consumption had no significant difference (p>0.05) in the reduction of blood glucose concentration and 450 mg daily consumption of thiamin reduced significantly (P<0.05) the concentration of lactic acid. Variation profile of decreased lactic acid in 30 mg daily consumption thiamin was not significant. Findings showed that before performing maximal aerobic exercise, the maximal consumption of 450 mg/d thiamin increased the degree of exhaustion and the threshold of lactic acid and athletic endurance.

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    115-128
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    325
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of present study is to assess the effect of one period of regular walking activity on the level of anxiety in pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Using a semi - experimental field approach, some 40 pregnant, two experimental groups and two control groups in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, were selected. At first, all the subjects answered catel anxiety questionnaire (CAQ), then a walking program for two months was presented and after the program, all subjects answered the CAQ again. The analysis demonstrated the following: there was a significant effect between anxiety levels in experimental and control group in the 2nd and 3rd trimester (P<0.05). Also there wasn't any significant effect in anxiety levels between two groups in the 2nd and 3rd trimester (P<0.05).

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View 325

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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    129-150
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    216
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Given the constituents of work structure which incorporate social and technical systems, it is necessary to select appropriate styles consistent with and adaptable to each of these systems based on their degree of importance so that it will lead to effective leadership. The role of social system (staff) which constitutes the psychological structure and social relations between the performing individuals and groups has a more determining role than the technical system in leadership efficiency and system accomplishments. Therefore, it is necessary that managers / leaders adapt their styles to the demands of social and technical systems especially social systems (staff) in such a way that effectiveness takes place. Consequently, identifying behavioral patterns relevant to social and technical systems plays a key role in leadership effectiveness and efficient administration of organizations. This research investigates the relationship between leadership styles, the quality of work life and effectiveness of deans of faculties and departments of physical education across the country. It is of a descriptive analytic type. The population includes all the deans and heads of the physical education faculties and departments. The instruments are the standardized questionnaire for leadership analysis of Blanchard to determine the leadership styles of managers and their effectiveness, as well as the quality of work life questionnaire according to the Walton pattern to determine the quality of work life of the staff. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between the selected leadership styles of the managers and their effectiveness. Although there is a difference between the quality of work life in the staff and leadership style, it is not statistically significant. Moreover, there is a statistically significant relationship between the quality of work life in the staff and the effectiveness of the managers.

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Author(s): 

TARTIBIAN B. | HEYDARLOU F.

Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2005
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    24
  • Pages: 

    151-170
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1039
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The immune properties of mother's milk are known well. But effects of physical activity on these specifications are still undetermined. So reports on the impact of exercise on IgA concentrations in mother's milk is controversial. Purpose of the present research is the study of the effects of a selected aerobic exercise in maximum intensity of 60-70 % heart rate reserve on IgA concentrations in breast milk as well as body composition. In this research, 28 sedentary women (29±5.7 years; VO2max 36±4 ml/Kg/min) divided into two exercise and control groups through random sampling, took part. The exercise group performed some particular exercises for 10 weeks and the control group did not do so. Milk samples were taken from both groups and measured via ELISA method. Body composition was also measured in different stages of the study. In the rest status, the two groups were identical in 19A concentrations (p=0.549) and body composition (P=0.204). IgA concentrations under exercise load of 60% (p=0.060) and 70% (p=0.001) of HRR respectively showed a significant increase compared to rest status mean values in the two groups. Body composition variable was only significant when comparing the general effects: only in the factors of group (p=0.003) and reciprocal effect of the grouping - the duration of the exercise (p=0.024). Results show that under the effect of the moderate intensity exercise, mother's secretary immune system experiences some changes. So IgA concentrations in the milk increases. Also, a reduction in the fat weight, fat percentage and an increase in the body density. Cause an increase in the level of mother's aerobic fitness which is not in contradiction with their lactation.

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