DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2003 | Volume:10 | Issue:42|Papers Count:12

Productivity increasingly became an important topic in organizations. Many factors draw attentions to productivity including complexity and dynamics of economical and social environments, increasing population and consumption. However, productivity is affected by many other factors. These factors are neither similar nor have the same weight in different organizations. The question is which factors and to what extent they should be stressed if the productivity is going to improve. This paper elaborates a methodology to answer this question in the context of an Iranian bank of Refah-e-Karegaran. A multi-attribute decision model is developed and then the main factors are identified and classified. Using statistical methods we used for primary filteration and then the selected factors are prioritized using ELECTER, AHP and TOPSIS. Finally, using Fridman and Kruskal- Wallis tests deviations are analyzed and AHP is selected as the best solution.

Most of managerial problems, as financial and specially financing problems, naturally consist of multiple-conflicting objectives and goal programming (GP) regard as an efficient and powerful technique for this kind of problems. In this paper, first a simple single period single objective model of external financing is provided. In order to assist financial decision maker (DM)"s in making optimal financing decisions, a multiperiod-multiobjective mixed integer GP model is introduced. This model allows DM to consider several and even conflicting objectives over time and the solution of the proposed model answers to the most important financing questions such as when, how much, and from which financing source(s) should a firm finance its required funds? Since financing planning without considering future investment opportunities is just oversimplifying the reality, the paper also explains how these opportunities can be entered and evaluated in the model and how they may effect on the optimal financing strategy.

The purpose of this research is to study the organizational climate as a variable which influences the relationship between organizational dimensions (both structural and contextual) and employee participation. The obtained results show the organizational climate as an intervening variable which influences the relationship between the structural dimensions and employee participation on one hand and the relationship between contextual dimensions and employee participation on the other hand. Although the correlation between structural dimensions (formalization, complexity and centralization) and contextual dimensions (strategy, technology and environment) with employee participation were proved, but no certain evidence (s) regarding a significant relationship between organizational complexity (of structural variables), innovative strategy (of contextual variables) and environmental hostility (of environmental components) with employee participation were observed.

Cultural planning in Iran is divided into four distinct periods:1. Since the beginning of planning activities in the countly in 1948 in which period the cultural sector had no clear or independent status;2. From 1968 to 1986 in which period the cultural sector found a distinct and independent identity, and development as well ascurrent credits were regularly allocated to annually out of the government general budget;3. Since the Islamic Revolution up to the year 1989-in this period, the Islamic Republic lacked a formulated cultural planandpolicy and cultural activities got their legitimacy mainly from the views of the late Imam Khomeini (peace beuponhim), the countrys Constitution and the views of the countrys senior offtcialv. During this period, fields such av film-making, music, and theatre were in depression and the booming activity of a few of the cultural fields likebook-publishing and the press way mainly spontaneouv and stemmed from the special conditiom prevailing at the time; and the government had no effective role on it.4. The fourth period starts from 1989 up to the present in which the government hay played an organized role in the cultural sphere and in the course of two development plans since 1989 onwards, the cultural sector has had both quantiative and qualitative objectives.In reviewing and analysing the performance of the cultural sector, we see that although the quantitative objectives have been almost fully achieved and in some cases even exceeded the plan projections yet the qualitative objectives have not been fulfilled; and there hay been bavically no creiteria fmseen to measure the extent of qualitative objectives achieved.This article argues that due to mainly methodological reason, even if quantitative objectives had been fulfilled 10 times in excess of what had been projected, the qualitative objectives would not have necessarily been achieved.

The management literature is full of theories, concepts and techniques which are related to the formal planning process and manpower efficiency.Although there are few researches in the field of relationship between these two subjects or at least such researches haven't been done in Iran yet.This research intends to analyze the effect of formal planning development in companies level, also including manpower planning with manpower efficiency.This research shows the following items:There's no meaning full relationship between the development of formal planning process with the manpower efficiency of active companies in Tehran bourse. (with 5 percent error)The lie's no strong relationship between the development of formal planning process parts and manpower efficiency.Therese no relationship between manpower planning and manpower efficiency.

Job satisfaction is an important part of professional life and has a great effect on life satisfaction. In new management it is one of the essential effect in evaluation of employees job satisfaction, and removing the obstacles and promoting the encouraging factors, because according to the theories and surveys, there has been emphasize on the role of job satisfaction on the employees efficiency. In this work, job satisfaction among the journalists and the effective factors on it are meamred.On the basis of the previous surveys, these factors are been examined in the following five dimensions: Individual characteristic, Job status, Economic situation, Organizational factors, Social factors And their effect on job satisfaction.I used the field research and the casual descriptive one, in which the statistical society is board of the writers of the morning and afternoon newspapers in Tehran.The sampling method is casual that is in the course of research, I7 out of 32 newspapers are selected casually, and the samples were 167 among which 41 were woman and 126 were men.The examination of the responses to 80 questions in the questionnaires resulted the following points:- The relation of individual variables such as: age, marital status, education with job satisfaction were meaningless, and the only variable indicating the higher rate of job satisfaction among women journalist was 91 percent.- The relation of job status, majoring in journalism, employment status, the position in the organization with job satisfaction was not proved.- The relation between the position in the board of writel~5with job satisfaction at the level of 94 percent was meaning full. - The relation of variables of the economic status ,including welfare benefits of the organization and the employment status with job satisfaction was not proved. And the wage had positive and meaning full conflation with job satisfaction. - Relation of all organizational variables including satisfaction with manager and relations among colleagues with job satisfaction of the journalist are verified.Social variables such as: job security, working freedom, cooperation in decision - making had 100 percent meaningful relation.On the basis of outcome of the multiple regression, all the above - mentioned are just 38 percent of the variables that measures job satisfaction.

The present work examines the effect of pre and post marital training on a group of couples under the Commitment of Imam Khomeinis Emdad Committee in Thehran.The experimental design was adopted and a short form of Enrich questionnaire including 47 questions tapping in to the various aspects of marital life was used. The questionnaire was scored using Likert method of scoring. The sample under study included 80 couples randomly assigned an experimental and a control group for each 40 couples.The results of study point to a positive effect of such training on amount of marital satisfaction (correlation significant at α=0.1 and T test significant at p<0.01 also a positive correlation was observed between the length of marriage and the amount of marital satisfaction. However no meaningful relationship was found between the Sex; age, level of education and occupation.Thus it seems necessary for different institutes and administrators in the field to consider the importance of such training in the related programs and utilize it as an important means in preventing the marital maladjusment and divorce.

The present research has examined the last year high school students view on the effects of parental expectancies on students career and educational anxiety. Two hundreds and fourteen boys and girly from six single high schools have participated in the study. The main questions were: 1) Is there any significant relationship between parental expectancies with students career and educational anxiety? 2) Are there significant relationships between parental expectancies and the parents educational levels? and 3) Are there significant differences between both sexes on parental expectancies. Participants were asked to/ fil in two questionnaires including the Educational and Career Anxiety and Questionnaire (ECAQ) and the Parental Self-esteem and Expectancy Questionnaire (PSEQ) as well as the Personnel Information Form. Results revealed significant relationships between illogical parental expectancies and students career and educational anxiety. Moreover, relationships between mothers educational levels and illogical expectancies were significant, while this was not met for the fathers . Furthermore, findings demonstrated that the mean scores of mothers illogical expectancies were lower than the mean scores of fathers illogical expectancies: In addition, female students views revealed that they have significantly received lower illogical expectancies from their parents than male students

There hay been a prominent shift within the field of language learning and teaching over the past twenty years with greater emphasis being put on learners and learning strategies. The survey studies the effect of learner's styles on the choice of learning strategies. The author has selected a sample of 250 boys and girls majoring in Medicine, Basic Sciences and Art and Humanities from Shahed University.These students have taken a language proficiency test to make sure that they are homogeneous. According to their English marks in the Entrance Exam (above 50%) and General English course (above 12), 80 subjects were randomly selected for the final study. These students answered to different Questionnaires such as Eysenk (EPQ, 1973) and Eysenk (IVE, 1991), GEFT and SILL during different sessions, and the data have been analysed by "SPSS". Using descriptive statistics, T-test and correlation coefficient, the reseacher obtained the following results:There is a relationship between extroversion and social strategy, whereas there is a relationship between introver. vionand affective, cognitive and met cognitive strategies (P<=0.05). Field dependence and independence have no significant effect on the choice of strategies; except for the field dependent students who use memory strategies more than other students. More proficient students use more cognitive, met cognitive and social strategies. Furthermore, sex plays no role on the choice of strategies. Also, there is a relationship between reflectivity and choice of met cognitive, social and affective strategies. Thus, reflective students are more successful language learners than the impulsive ones.

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) model is a production management system which is successfully implemented in many factories. This paper extends this model for a special kind of production and service systems in which the decision making parameters regarding the operations are stochastic. Vehicle overhaul plants, locomotive rebuilding factories and maintenance centers are some cases in which material requirements to fulfill the opeations are subjected to part situations. This paper considers the part situations in three categories: Operational (does not need any repair operation), Repairable (need to get some correction actions) and Replaceable (need to be replaced by a new part). Modifying the classic MRP, we enhanced it to plan the material requirements under these categories. The proposed MRP model benefits from all simplex features already exist in classic MRP.

Till now, many researches have been made about the measurement of countries development level and the factors which have an effective role in development, but no definition or unique result has been concluded.For specifying such factors and determining the role and the weight of everyone in development, there are various approaches in social, economical and political sciences. It is obvious that approximately all of these approaches need the analytical techniques and the statistical data. In this article, it is tried to use statistical method of cluster analy and to determine the development indexes and which of them has a strong relation with each others and those which have a contradiction and a weak relation with each others.It is clear that in case of reaching such a result, the policy making for obtaining the development targets is facilitated. So, in this article, by considering relevant data to 62 world countries 24 development indexes will be ranked and analysed.