DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2010 | Volume:18 | Issue:89|Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide that inflammatory processes stimulate its production. It is produced by different cells like smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, cardiac myocytes and oncogenic cells. In this study, we tried to evaluate the urinary AM level in children with acute pyelonephritis in comparison with healthy ones. Materials and Methods: In our case-control based study, we measured AM in 31 patients and 30 matched control by HPLC. The patients had definite pyelonephritis diagnosis based on clinical manifestations, lab data and imaging and the controls had no sign of infection and disease in their history, physical exam and lab data. For eliminating the effect of urine concentration, we compared the urinary AM to creatinine (Cr) ratio between two groups. Results: Urinary AM to creatinine (Cr) ratio in case group was 61.3 ± 119.4 and 4.26 ± 11.4 in the control group (p=0.012). After treatment, this ratio decreased significantly to 13.1±21.9 in patients. The correlation coefficient between AM and blood WBC was 0.252 (p=0.171) that is not significant and the correlation coefficient between AM and CRP was significantly positive, as patients with CRP+4 had a urinary AM level as 1896 ± 1748, in contrast to the patients with CRP – with a level of 391±477. This difference was significant (p=0.008).Conclusion: Urinary AM increased in pyelonephritis and it was in correlation to other inflammatory markers. It seems that urinary AM can be used as a diagnostic tool in pyelonephritis.

Background and Objective: Excitatory transmission through glutamate receptors is critical for cognition such as learning and anxiety. In the present study, the involvement of dorsal hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptor on anxiety-like behavior induced by inhibition of NMDA receptors was investigated.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 105 adult male rats weighing 200–250 g were used. The animals were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic device. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in elevated plus maze task. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test.Results: Our finding indicated that intra-CA1 administration of MK801 (2 mg/rat) and scopolamine (4 mg/rat) by itself increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries but did not alter locomotion. On the other hand, intra- CA1 co-administration of ineffective doses of scopolamine with ineffective dose of MK801 (1 mg/rat) did not alter locomotion activity but increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries.Conclusion: These results show that both NMDA receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors not only play a part in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of rats but also demonstrate a complex interaction as well.

Background and Objective: Anal fistula is the most common cause of severe anal pain during rectal surgery. Patients experience pain and discomfort during the immediate post-operative period and some specialties e.g., physiotherapy could be taken into account for mitigating pain and improving the scar healing. Although no researches have performed concerning the post rectal surgery physiotherapy, it leads to surgeons uncaring to this apparently important point. Therefore, the current study aimed to prepare a new physiotherapy protocol after rectal surgery and to investigate its effectiveness in one patient. Materials and Methods: This study carried out on a 45 year-old male. He was suffering from pain and bleeding in the rectal area and on medical examination and colonoscopy, he was diagnosed with external hemorrhoid and anal fistula. After hemorroidectomy and fistulectomy, physiotherapy protocol was performed in five phases.Results: The results showed that the pain medication needed just for 4 days and the patient returned to work within 3 days. In addition, the intensity of pain, difficulty in bowel movement, difficulty in mobility, and stress from bowel movement (measured by VAS) removed within 5th days. This result in comparison with previous studies showed the faster improvement of the pain and scar healing and complete recovery took about 4 weeks.Conclusion: The beneficial effects of physiotherapy protocol were demonstrated, especially in aged patients with background diseases.

Background and Objective: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder, characterized by reduction of bone mass, deterioration of bone structure, increasing bone fragility and fracture risk. Prevention of osteoporosis is one of the most important issues in World Health Organization programs. By now, there has not been no researshs on preventive strategies for osteoprosis in pregnant women,therefore, this study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of HBM model in osteoprosis prevention among pregnant mothers referred to Arak health centers.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, one hundred and fifty pregnant women participated.The subjects divided into two groups, i.e., experimental and control (each group contained 60 women). Data collected with a questionnaire based on HBM and checklist about pervention of osteoprosis in order to evaluate the effectiveness of education program.Before intervention, questionnaires were completed. Then the educational intervention was performed. Educational intervention in the form of four training sessions using lectures, group discussions, dialogue, and training packages (posters, pamphlets and pictures). After one month, data were gathered again and then analized. Results: The mean age of case and control groups were 26.7 ± 4.7 and 23.4 ±4.4 years respectively and mean duration of gestation was 23.2 ± 11 and 23.4 ± 10 weeks respectively and there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Research findings showed that knowledge and self-efficasy health behavior action for osteoprosis pervention were in low stage. After intervention, perceived barriers decreased in case group and pregnant mothers and health behavior action for osteoprosis pervention increased.Conclusion: With knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity and benefits and self-efficacy increased, perceived barriers decreased and health behavior action for osteoprosis pervention increased. So, this model is suggested for other health centers.

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus accompanies increased malondialdehyde as a marker of oxidative stress and increased serum level of aspartate and alanine aminotranferase due to tissue damage. Due to antidiabetic effect of hesperetin, this study was done to evaluate its effect on level of these factors in diabetes.Materials and Methods: Male rats (n = 32) were divided into control, treated control, diabetic, and treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg (i.p) was injected. Hesperetin was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks one week post-experiment. Serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotranferase were measured before the study and at the end of the study. In addition, level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in liver and heart tissues.Results: A significant increase in serum level of aspartate and alanine aminotranferase (p<0.05-0.01) was observed in diabetic rats and hesperetin treatment significantly reduced only serum level of alanine aminotransferase (p<0.05). In addition, diabetes was followed by increased level of MDA in liver and heart tissues (p<0.01) and hesperetin treatment significantly reduced MDA level in these tissues (p<0.05).Conclusion: Treatment with hesperetin could attenuate serum level of alanine aminotranferase and oxidative stress in hepatic and cardiac tissues, as indicated by a lower tissue level of MDA.

Background and Objective: Menopause is one of the stages in women’s life with a lot of problems and osteoporosis as the most common of its complications. This study was designed to assess the comparative effects of tibolone and HRT on osteoporosis in postmenopausal healthy women. Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic properties. Materials and Methods: A total of 107 women aged 45-64 years were randomly assigned to two groups: 52 women received 2.5 mg tibolone plus Ca- D daily; 55 received 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg of medroxy progesterone acetate (CEE/MPA) plus Ca-D. At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, we measured bone turnover markers. Bone mineral density was measured in the spine and neck of femur by dual energy X- ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and after 9 months of treatment. Results: ALP serum and Ca/Cr urinary decrease significantly in those taking tibolone and in those taking HRT. T score, Z score and BMD increased significantly in the spine and femur in those taking tibolone. In those treated with conjugated equine estrogen and medroxy progesterone acetate T score, Z score and BMD in the spine and femur also increased significantly. No significant difference was observed between tibolone and CEE/MPA groups.Conclusion: Tibolone had beneficial effects on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers. It may be a good alternative to HRT in postmenopausal women who would not accept a vaginal bleeding and breast tenderness.

Background and Objective: Appetite control affects food intake and obesity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of moderate and heavy resistance exercise on appetite, food intake and energy expenditure in healthy men.Materials and Methods: A cross-over research design was used and the study was performed on a population of 13 male volunteers from employees of Sabzevar University in 3 group containing control, moderate resistance exercise (70-75% of one repetition maximum) and heavy resistance exercise (80-85% of one repetition maximum) groups within 90 minutes and including 8 types of movement with 3 sets and 10 repetition. The food given to men before and on the day of the exercises was similar. The appetite was recorded by appetite questionnaire and norm (VAS) before, immediately after exercise, and 3 and 9 hours after the exercise protocol. Food intake and energy expenditure was recorded by food intake and energy expenditure questionnaire before and on the day of the exercises. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA with a significant level of p<0.05.Results: Having the results collected, there were no significant changes in appetite and in the effects of moderate and heavy resistance exercise. Calorie intake showed an increase on protocol day rather than the previous day of protocol and immediately after protocol day returned to level of previous day of protocol. Energy expenditure showed an increase on protocol day rather than the previous day of protocol and immediately after protocol day in resistance exercise groups.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that one session moderate and heavy resistance exercise had no significant effects on appetite due to imbalance in significant negative energy and due increase energy expenditure on protocol day rather than the previous day of protocol.

Background and Objective: Developmental anomalies of the oral mucosa are a group of lesions that are normal condition rather than having virtual disease characteristic. The prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities differs between individuals that could be associated to genetic and/or environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of these lesions as well as to determine their relation to gender in a population of students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: A total of 162 students from the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2009 were examined to determine the prevalence of mucosal anomalies. All students were examined using dental unit light and dental mirrors. A questionnaire was completed for each subject. In this questionnaire, it was asked about demographic data and about their general health and diseases. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. To compare the differences between male and female subjects, Fisher exact test was performed. A p value less than 0.05 considered significant.Results: Out of 162 cases examined, 63.6% demonstrated at least a mucosal anomaly. The most common developmental mucosal anomaly was commissural lip pit (22.8%), fissured tongue (21.6%), and palatal torus (10.5%). The prevalence of other mucosal anomalies was only less than 10%. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of dental and mucosal abnormalites was high in this population, requiring its teaching to medical and dental students.

Background and Objective: Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic peptide and found to be secreted from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and has important role in appetite and food intake. It has been shown that AGRP has an important role in weight control and plasma levels of this peptide increases in fatness and starvation. The aim of this study was to study the effect of 8-weeks circuit training on lymphocyte AGRP gene expression in well-trained wrestlers. Materials and Methods: Ten well-trained wrestlers volunteered to this research and conducted 8-weeks wrestling-based circuit training according to researchers recommended protocol. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the first and after the last sessions of training. After lymphocyte separation, lymphocyte AGRP gene expression was evaluated with semi quantitative RT-PCR method.Results: Circuit training significantly increased AGRP mRNA lymphocyte expression (P, 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that increase in lymphocyte AGRP expression is accordant with increase in its expression in hypothalamus in response to negative energy balance induced by training to increase appetite and compensation of body energy sources.