KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2006 | Volume:10 | Issue:4|Papers Count:11

Objective: To study different carrier's effect on antibody production against T-2 toxin. Materials and Methods: Three carrier BSA, KLH and poly lysine were utilized, after been succinated and then each was conjugated to the hydroxyl group of T-2 toxin. Ten Balb/c mice were initially injected with 20 micrograms of conjugate containing CFA (Complete Frunds Adjuvant). The mice received booster injections of 20 micrograms of conjugate containing IFA (Incomplete Frunds Adjuvant) every 3 weeks during and after which bleeding was done. The serum was removed and indirect ELISA was carried out. Results: The mice were immunized by BSA-T-2, but their serum recognized the BSA (carrier) much better than the T-2 (haptan). Conversely regarding KLH-T-2, T-2 (haptan) was recognized better than KLH, BSA and polylysine, by mice sera. Conclusion: This investigation indicates that KLH carrier is better than BSA for conjugation because it an adjuvant for immune system and has very sites for conjugation than BSA. Furthermore, KLH-T-2 conjugate elicits immune system response better and antibody titer was higher than BSA-T-2 conjugate.      

Objectives: To compare aflatoxine B1 effect as a carcinogen by activation and development of liver metabolite enzymes and amount of binding of aflatoxine B1 with DNA in infant rats. Materials and Methods: In this research, enzyme activation and variation after burning are exposed. Infant rat liver capability for exchanging AFB1 to Epo-Oxide activator form and amount of binding of [3H] AFB1 Epo-Oxide to DNA in "Inviter form" in the presence of variable aged liver microsoems were measured. Results: This study shows that the acieration of AFB) metabolite enzymes before adult ages is lower and a description difference is observed. Additionally, [3H] AFB1 binding to DNA in infant rats are less than adult rats. Conclusion: Results of this study show that in fant rat liver has less capacity for exotoxic and exocarcinogen metabolism such as aflatoxine B1 and result in deposition and exhaustion of mentioned material in their bodies which may eventually expose them to cancer.      

Objective: The aim of this study is to survey the presence of candida among the clinical isolates and the evaluating the phenotypic diagnostic methods to distinguish candida dubliniensis from candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated 520 clinical isolates through five phenotypic methods of differential diagnosis. The methods were performed in two stages of probable diagnosis and absolute diagnosis (supplementary test). In the first stage, colony colour in CHRO Magar candida medium, and chlamydocanidia in casein agar grown at 45°C were assessed. The isolates that demonstrated the characteristic of candida dubliniensis at this stage were tested in the second stage in terms of assimilation of terehalose and xylose and intercellular β-D-glucosidase activity. Results: 13 out of the 520 isolates suspected to candida dubliniensis were diagnosed to in the first stage. In the second stage, five were identified as candida dubliniensis using supplemental tests, which contained 4 isolates from the vagina and one from urine. Conclusion: The present study determined the incidence of candida dubliniensis in vagina, urine and total of the clinical isolates to be 1.33%, 0.74% and 0.96%, respectively. According to the findings of this study, among the phenotypic methods of differential diagnosis, use of CHROM agar candida medium with intercellular β-Dglucosidase activity for fresh isolates obtained from clinical specimens is suggested, whereas, for the isolates obtained from subcultures, phenotypic methods are not recommended.      

Objective: In this study, effects of different doses of olanzapine as a dopamine receptor antagoninst on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in male N-MARI mice (20-30 g) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Sensitization was induced by single injection of morphine (5 mg/kg) in three consecutive days followed by five days resting. On the 9thday of the experiments, the sensitization was assessed in animals by a single injection of very low dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Olanzapine was administered during or after induction of morphine sensitization. Then, the sensitization were tested in the animals. In order to evaluate the effects of the drugs on locomotor activity, morphine and olanzapine were administered to the animal in a pilot study. Results: Administration of morphine (10 and 20 mg/kg), induced a significant activity in the animals. On the other hand, administration of olanzapine (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) produced a significant hypoactivity in the animals. Injection of the same olanzapine (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) 20 min before the morphine (5 mg/kg) administration in the traning days, caused a significant decrease in locomotor activity in animals, i.e. reduced the acquisition of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Injection of olanzapine (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) in the test day, 20 min before morphine (1 mg/kg) administration also reduced the locomotor activity in the animals in a dose-independent manner, i.e. reduced the expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization. Conclusion: It can be concluded that olanzapine may inhibit locomotor activity in mice and also acquisition and expression of morphine induced behavioral sensitization in male mice as well.      

Objective: Cultivation of Pneumocystis carinii on Vero andMRC-5cell lines and use of RBK Cell in Iran Materials and Methods: Six Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from Razi Vaccine Institute were immunosuppressed using methylprednisolone 40 mg/kg subcutaneously, weekly, for 8 weeks. The animals were maintained under near-sterile conditions to prevent secondary bacterial and fungal infection. After sacrifice, the lungs were removed and homogenate was prepared. Then relative purification of trophozoite occurred. The tissue culture flasks were inoculated with trophozoite. Results: Five days after incubation 3, 3 and 3.75 fold respectively, increased in Vero, MRC-5 and PBK. Conclusion: This study can be a starting point for developing an extraction, cultivation and purification method of Pneumocystis carinii in Iran.      

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to determine the coronary risk factors profile and socioeconomic status among patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Material and Methods: The study investigated 118 coronary patients (27 females and 91 males) aged 53.83±8.01 years old. Out come variables included socioeconomic and coronary risk factors parameters were collected. Some specific questionnaires were used. Using descriptive statistic performed data analysis. Results: 43% of patient had hypertension (BP2≥140/90 mmHg), 17.5% had Diabetes Mellitus, and 15% had BMI≥30.80.7% of patients had total cholesterol≥200, 35.1 % had triglyceride ≥200, and 78.1% of them had total cholesterol to HDL ratio≥4. All of patients had a spectrum of mild to very severe anxiety, but type A personality in 57.4%, and anger in 31.3 % of patients were determined. The average of patients' income was 1556000 Rails per month. Conclusion: coronary risk factors such as inappropriate clinical and psychological status, and undesirable lipid profile seriously poor socioeconomic status treated the healthy population and CAD patients, therefore more control and preventive strategies should be considered, especially after the major coronary events as coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasty or acute myocardial infarction.      

Objective: Evaluation of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in the diagnosis and primary treatment of surgical complications of kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods: We performed 1402 living donor heterotopic kidney transplants. 93.1% of donors were unrelated, mean age was 38.53 years. Male/females ratio was 1.72/1. We reviewed patients who had hydronephrosis, uremia or urinary leakage in the follow-up period and needed PCN, we treated 21 patients with PCN (11 lymphoceles, 2 Uretero Neo Cystostomy (UNC) obstructions, 8 obstructive stones) and in all patients obstruction was relieved and creatinine levels dropped to preobstruction level without infection or other complications. Results: Average follow up period was 34.2 months. In this period mortality was 40 (2.9%). Graft loss was 135 (9.6%) and average creatinine level in patients with active graft was 1.43:t0.71 mg%. Lymphoceles in all patients were treated by cutaneous drainage alone for 21 to 70 days. In late UNC obstruction, PCN relieved obstruction and stabilized creatinine. We performed antegrade dilatation of UNC and stenting of ureter for 3 months. We performed Extro Corporol Shock Wove Lithothripsy (ESWL) after PCN in 8 patients with obstructive stones. In 6 patients the stones passed and in 2 patients we used nephroscopy and Per Cutaneous Nephro Lishotomy (PCNL). Conclusion: PCN is the modality of choice for all obstructive complications of kidney transplants. It has important role in diagnosis of etiology of obstruction and is excellent option for treatment of etiologic factors of obstruction without significant complications. We recommend PCN as a less invasive method for diagnosis and temporary treatment of obstructive complications of kidney transplantion without significant complications.      

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate iron supplementation on serum zinc level in pregnant women with hemoglobin levels higher than 13.2 gr/dL. Material and Methods: This research was performed using an experimental study based on unilateral blind random clinical testing. 64 pregnant women in first trimester with Hb>13.2 gr/dL,  ferritin>14.3 µg/L and normal zinc (77-165 µg/dL) that had similar conditions in background variables, were selected to participate in this study. The participants were divided into 33 cases and 31 controls. From the 20thweek till the end of pregnancy, cases received a daily ferrous sulfate pills (a 150 mg pill containing 50 mg elemental iron) and the controls received a placebo daily in the 24-28 and 32-36 weeks of pregnancy. The level of serum zinc in all cases and controls and hemoglobin in controls were measured. Furthermore, the level of serum ferritin was measured in the 32-36 pregnancy weeks in both groups. Results: This study showed that the average level of zinc in the second trimester in controls (91.23±2.15 µg/dL) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of cases (80.35±1.68 µg/dL). Moreover, the average level of zinc in the third trimester of controls (87.33±2.1 µg/dL) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than cases (67±1.98 µg/dL). The percentage of decrease from the first trimester to the third trimester in cases (32.7%) was considerably higher than the control (11.37%). The average ferritin level in the third trimester in controls (13.08±0.57 µg/L) was significantly (P<0.001) less than that of the cases (15.88±0.42). Conclusion: Using iron supplements by women with hemoglobin higher than 13.2 gr/dL causes a considerable decline in serum zinc and increases the possibility of adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Moreover, avoiding the use of iron supplements in these women does not cause a considerable decrease in hemoglobin and serum ferritin level, and does not trigger iron deficiency anemia.      

Objective: Evaluation of memory changes after surgery. Materials and Methods: We designed a clinical anesthesia trial to evaluate the effect of general or spinal anesthesia on remote and recent memory. Patients which were under operation of lower extremity or lower abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either general (32 Patients) or spinal anesthesia (32 Patients). Mean age of patients was 22 ±2 and ASA Class was I or II. Using revised Wechsler memory scales, the patients were evaluated before surgery and again 24 hours and 3 months later. The regimen of general anesthesia was oral Diazepam (10 mg) at night before operation and midazolam (1 mg) plus fentanyl (2 µg/kg) as premedication and nesdonal (5 mg/kg) plus Atracurium (0.5 mg/kg) for induction of anesthesia. N2O 50% and Halothane were used for maintenance of anesthesia. Regimen of spinal anesthesia was oral Diazepam 10 mg at night before surgery and Midazolam (1 mg) as premedication. Spinal anesthesia was done with either Lidocain 100 mg or Bupivacain 12 mg. The patients that had high spinal level anesthesia, severe hemodynamic instability or other events which affect on memory were excluded. Results: Analysis of data revealed significant decreases in memory quotient (p<0.001), recent memory quotient (p<0.001),verbal index(p<0.001)and attention / concentration index (p<0.001)in general anesthesia group at first 24h after operation .but no decrease was detected in spinal anesthesia group and no changes was detected in two groups 3 months later and p value in quotient memory, recent quotient memory, verbal index and attention/concentration index was p=0.094 , p=0.171, p=0.20, p=0.067 respectively. Remote memory in both groups was intact 24h and 3 month later. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in patients receiving GA, at least 24 hours should rest after operation before working or driving.      

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione s-transferase and protein concentration in serum and tear samples of patients and to compare the findings with normal samples. Material and Methods: We analyzed specific activity of catalase in tear and serum samples, specific activity of glutathione s-transferase in serum and protein concentration in tear and serum samples and compared the results in normal and patient groups. Results: There was statistically significant increase in protein concentration (P<0.001) and specific activity of catalase (P<0.05) in patient's serum samples as compared with normal serum samples. Conclusion: The role of hydrogen peroxide in ocular disease especially in cornea, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant systems in serum, tear and ocular tissues is very important. More electrophoresis studies are necessary to determine the specific protein type that leads to total protein increase.