TEB VA TAZKIEH
Year:2005 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (56)|Papers Count:12

The health care industry is a relatively late starter in This no-finish-line quality race, but fortunately There are advantages to not being in The vanguard: So many precedents have been established that information is readily available from the quality pioneers. In that information, the late starter will find lesson others have learned (some times at considerable expense). The late starter can avoid the pits into which early starter have fallen.It has been observed that the health care industry's interest in quality and principles of total quality management (TQM) parallels the interest evinced by industry itself in the 1980s, and as health care organizations are merging with each other increasingly to form integrated health systems, so the quality - based strategic planning is required.In economic terms, health care is a good, its value realized through the market-place activity of buyers and sellers.The efficiency of health care markets, like that of other markets, depends on three parameters: The numeric balance of participants (the number of buyers versus the number of sellers), externalities (external factors that impede or skew market functioning), and the availability of information to all participants.Because, at the center of any professional activity is a continuing effort to improve performance, so health care organizations as like as any other organizations have done this; in addition philosophy of paying attraction to health care quality is: within health care, problems are being generated faster than we can address them.Patient care is the focus of many clinical disciplines: Medicine, nursing, pharmacy, nutrition, therapies such as respiratory, physical, and occupational, and others. In all disciplines, the quality of clinical decisions depends in part on the quality of information available to the decision-maker. The systems that manage information for patient care are therefore a critical tool.It is recognized that there is an integral relationship between medical decision making, the accumulation of clinical data, health care costs, patient outcomes, and the quality of care.The delivery of quality, cost-effective health care requires efficient decision- support tools based on the medical record system if these end points are to be achieved.Finally, the patient care quality depends on many factors that one of them is health care data quality.However, higher quality means lower costs.

To study the level of mental health among mental health professionals working in psychiatric centers, we selected a sample composed of 120 professionals including nurses (NURs), psychologists (PSYs), social workers (SWs) and occupational therapists (OTs); and were tested by GHQ-28. Results showed that 34/9% of the sample, got a higher score than Iranian population cut of point, for GHQ-28. Rate of mental health problems prevalence in professionals was: 25/7% for PSYs, 35/5% for NURs, 16/7% for OTs and 66/5% for SWs. According to final findings, the highest rate of mental health problems prevalence for SWs, while they had the lowest mean of employment duration (0/9 year for SWs, 2/4 years for PSYs, 2/3 years for NURs, 2/1 years for OTs) led us to this hypothesis that if there is a correlation between mean of employment duration and getting mental problems in mental health professionals. Results also showed that there was no significant correlation between those two variables (r=-0/02 and P<0/80). But the above lower rate of mental problems for SWs, could be attributed to other causes.

Optimal nutrition for women is based on health and influence by variety of factors. Nutrition of women is the health them. Nutritional needs and cancers of women are based on a varity of determinates such as age, stage of growth and development, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. Furthermore, women's need specific have associated with menstruation, pregnancy, lactation and menopause. The appropriate pattern for women supplies adequate amounts of all nutrients essential for life and optimal function. Optimal nutrition is point of health promotion, prevention and treatment of disease. The aim of this study was determine and comparison dietary pattern, calorie and other nutrients intake in menopause women in rural and urban of Ardebil district.120 menopause women of rural and urban (60 of rural and 60 urban) of Ardebil district were select for study. Food frequency and 24 hour recall was use nutritional study. Data analyzed with Fp2, Epi6 ,SPSS and ANOVA.The mean of calorie and protein intake in rural menopause women was more than urban menopause women (p<0.05), also intake of vitamin B3 in rural women was more than urban women (p<0.01). The mean of iron intake in rural women was more than urban women (p<0.001).The mean of vitamin (B2, B6, folacin and A) and minerals (phosphorous, magnesium and selenium) intake in rural women were less than recommended dietary of WHO (p<0.001). Then mean of calorie, vitamin (A, B2, and flacon) and fiber intake in urban women were less than recommended dietary of WHO (p<0.05). Food frequency questionnaire was show cereal, particularly domestic bread (Lavash), potato, egg, milk, yogurt, cheese, garlic and onion, vegetables oil and butter the most of food intake in menopause women in rural and urban, respectively.Dietary pattern in menopause women was similar in rural and urban. There were some nutrients deficiency in food program of menopause women. Therefore, improve of nutritional status effect can promotion of health menopause women in rural and urban.

Since the first part and the last part of the information circle in every therapeutic center is the medical Record Department, and all managerial, educational and research activities are dependent on acquiring the correct information which in its turn is dependent on data collecting, organizing, processing and distributing methods, these objectives are achieved when appropriate systems are run there and the improved and correct implementation of medical Record systems, appropriate management, in time education and presence of efficient personnel will definitely improve the society health level.So we decided to study this essential part in at least all educational hospitals of the Tehran Medical Sciences University, both public and specialized ones. A descriptive research of cross sectional kind in different aspects was done, including the personnel's situation, specialized activities methods and presence of necessary approaches and it was found out that 50 % of the medical Record officials had specialized academic education at BA level and higher and 7.14% were at AD level, 35.7% had diploma and the rest were graduates of unrelated disciplines.In no studied hospital, there is coordinate and standard guide directions regarding the activities of different units of the medical Recorxd Pepartment and almost all jobs are done based on personal definition. For example, the duration of keeping files in different centers has been based on letters sent in different situations by the then officials because there have not been standard forms to be obligatory for them. In no hospital, the officials have done a specific action to update the personnel's' information and clearly there has not been any controlling system to control the incomplete files for doctors and no measure has been taken for evaluation, accompanied by appropriate feedback, aiming improvement.In 25 % of public educational hospitals and 12.5% of specialized educational hospitals, the files are gotten out in ways other than legitimate ones. Fortunately, in 100% of educational hospitals and 62.5 % of specialized educational centers, the officials have announced that the medical Record committee has been established but in most of them there is no appropriate feedback for improvement of activities.

Nursing is clearly a multidisciplinary field. So topics of this field are distributed among a variety of information sources. Nurses can not obtain information needs and they face many difficulties. These difficulties influence the quality of daily activities. This research is important for identifying resources and information retrieval behavior of the nurses. It also helps to find the negative effects on training and research activities of the nurses. Who is the faculty member at the medical universities of Iran, Thehran, Beheshti University. The result showed that all of the nurses considered reference books as the most important source of information. 12.7 percent nurses who held B.S. Degree and 43.5 percent of those who held master's degree were satisfied with education and use of information source in the curriculum. The number of nurses who had knowledge of periodicals depended on the degrees they held. 18.9 percent of master's degree had good learnt about the periodicals to which they were also, the nurses knowledge of periodicals depended on the type of the activities in which they were engaged.

Microbes reach the synovial cavity either directly during bacteraemia or by transport within lymphoid cells or monocots. This may stimulate the immune system excessively, triggering arthritis. Some forms of ReA correspond to slow infectious orthritis due to the persistence of microbes and some to an infection triggered arthritis linked to an extra-articular site of infection.

To identify the internal and external factors affecting activities, arranging executive phases and effective application of resources, a manager should be alert of yearly budget, During the first decade after the revolution, the credit proportion of health and treatment in current value (cost) increased from 3.4% in 1357 to 11% in 1367, but it decreased to 6.1% in 1377. This is confined by constant value (cost) too. This index increased from 0.3981 to 0.3992 during 1367-72. The reason could be the increase of mean rate of inglation during this period.some factors which cause economic limitations in health care are as follows:1- During past years, there has not been appropriate development of physical spaces and treatment equipments.2- Human resources has not been arranged according to need assessment, health care system requirements and employment possibilities.3- About half of the total treatment capacity of hospitals has not been used.4- The role of the governmental, private and cooperative centers providing the health care services has not been clear.5- The per capita insurance costs in Treatment Services Insurance Organization has been higher than other insurance companies. In this case financial resources for insurance, especialy in Treatment Services Insurance Organization, would be affected by costs.

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the unrivaled ability to differentiate into any specialized cell type. Significant attention is currently directed to the biological and therapeutic capabilities of these cells for developing novel treatments for acute and chronic diseases including heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal injuries and cancer. However, these technologies have posed profound ethical issues. Ethical challenges are largely based on concerns for safety, efficacy, resource allocation, and methods of harvesting stem cells. Fundamental points in the issues are the human dignity and human rights, the concept of the moral status of human embryos, concerns about commercialization of stem cells and oocyte donors, and slippery slopes towards reproductive cloning. The use of hES cells for research is currently high on the ethical and political agenda in many countries and international organizations such as UN, UNESCO, and WHO. Many countries allow strictly regulated research on human embryos. The purpose of this paper is to describe the scientific background to the current ethical and legislative debates about the generation and use of human stem cells, and to give an overview of the ethical issues underlying these debates. The successes and limitations of mammalian reproductive cloning are itemized. This review hopes to bring the reader closer to the science and the ethics of this new technology, and what the implications are for the medical practitioner. This review also discusses the legal status of ES cell research in the world with special attention paid to the Islamic perspectives.