Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2000 | Volume:55 | Issue:3|Papers Count:25

Coccidiosis is regarded as one of the most important economic diseases of poultry industries in the world. Chemotherapy is the most important method of its control and prevention. Recently, some attempts have been directed to induce the immunity against avian coccidiosis and some live-attenuated vaccines have been introduced commercially. The present study was carried out to investigate the immunogenecity of sporozoite and merozoite of E. tenella by intra-rectal inoculation. One hundred day-old chickens were divided to five groups which including 20 birds. Four groups of birds were inoculated by low and high dose of sporozoite and merozoite, remainder by 20 pi of sterile Hank's medium as control group. All immunized and nonimmunized chickens were challenged by 10,000 sporulated oocysts of homologous strain at 3-week-old age. The bird faeces were examined daily 8 days after prepatent period and the mean of oocyst per gram (OPG) was calculated in each group. The results showed significant difference between birds immunized by sporozoite and control group. Furthermore, there was significant difference between birds immunized by high dose of merozoite and control group. The results indicated no significant difference between birds immunized by low dose of merozoite and control group. There was higher protection in chickens immunized by sporozoite. The finding revealed that the formation and maturation of first generation schizont of Eimeria tenella has an important role in induction of immune response. Field study was carried out to show long-term protection by low dose of sporozoite, it seems that litter rearing cause continuous ingestion of oocysts which introduce antigen presentation continuously.

In winter 1998, during postmortem inspection of a native cattle slaughtered in Shiraz slaughterhouse, a nematode, white in color and 6.5 cm in length, was found within a bronchus of the right diaphragmatic lobe of the lung. In microscopic examination the parasite was recognized as Dictyocaulus viviparus. This is the first case of this infection from Fars province and the second report in Iran.

Prevalence of clinical and subclinical form of caprine mastitis, determination of different antibiotic resistant patterns along with the lactamase production exhibited by penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cephalexin resistance strains isolated from cases of caprine mastitis were studied. The occurrence of sub clinical and clinical mastitis was 26.8% and 2.4% respectively. A total of 55 isolates comprising coagulase positive Staphylococci (41.8%), coagulate negative Staphylococci (29%), Bacillus cereus (7.3%), E. coli (7.3%), alfahemolytic Streptococcus (3.6%), Micrococcus (3.6%), Neisseria meningococcal (1.8%), Enterobacter (1.8%), Pseudomonas multiphilia (1.8%) and Proteus (1.8%) strains were identified. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that between 0% (alfahemolytic Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Neisseria meningococcal, Proteus) and 100% (E. coli, Pseudomonas multiphilia, Enterobacter) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The capillary method was able to detect lactamase production in 93.1 % of isolates while the acidometric detected only 65.5% of isolates.

A 13 years old, intact female, mixed terrier dog was presented to Tehran University, Small Animal Teaching Hospital of the Facu1ty of Veterinary Medicine for investigation of sever weight loss and decrease of appetite. In clinical examination a large fleshy mass was palpated at the upper portion of the neck. The dog was anesthetized, and a biopsy of the mass was obtained, and submitted for histopatological analysis. The sections composed of nests or packets of cells generally were uniform in size, with indistinct cellular borders and moderate to abundant amounts of light, eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nuclei were round to oval with evenly dispersed chromatin. Macrophages in capsular connective tissue and in trabecules had haemosiderrin stain. The final histological diagnosis was chemodectoma. In view of the poor body condition, large size of the tumor, the animal was euthanatized and submitted for postmortem examination. In macroscopic examination the mass was encapsulated at the bifurcation of the carotid artery with some attachment to it. No evidence of distant metatasis was found in neither macroscopic nor microscopic examinations. Chemoreceptor tumors {chemodectoma} rarely are diagnosed in cats and dogs. Aortic body tumors are identified more commonly in dogs and cats, while carotid body tumors are the most common in humans.

A survey has been done on parasites of 206 Acipenser persicus in three different major locations, where the sturgeons are caught, including fisheries sections of 1, 2 and a hatchery near the Sefid-rud River (Sad-e Sangar) in south-west of caspian Sea (Gillan province - Iran). Six different species of parasites were recovered from internal organs of the fish. Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus had the highest prevalence (84.85% and 51.23% respectively) and also, the intensity of these parasites were higher than others (11.31 and 15.25 respectively) but the other parasites had low prevalence and intensity. The Eustrongylides excisus (L), Anisakis sp. (L) and Amphilina foliacea are reported for the first time from A. persicus. The prevalence and intensity of parasites in fisheries section of 2 and Sad-e Sangar were more than section 1. A direct relation was found between some parasites (especially Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus) and size of the fish. The prevalence and intensity of parasites in females were more than males. It was found that there is a correlation between some parasites (especially Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus) and season. As a whole, there was a closely correlation between the diet of the fish and the type (diversity) of the parasites.

Twenty four new eland White Rabbits, divided into 2 groups comprising 5.5 months and 1.5 years old. Each group consisting of 6 male and 6 female. In each sex group 3 rabbits were used for macroscopic and the other 3 for microscopic studies. Total and regional length of the vertebral column, spinal cord, the termination of the spinal cord within the vertebral canal, allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column, transverse and vertical diameters of the spinal cord, central canal of the spinal cord and the ratio between gray and white matter of the spinal cord were studied the results were statistically analyzed and are appeared in the result section.

Study was carried out on experimental acute ammonia toxicity in common carp (Cyprinids carpio) using static water method. Carps with average weight 570 grams were exposed to five different water ammonia levels ranging from 60-150 mg/liter total ammonia nitrogen (22.2 to 75.5 molecular ammonia nitrogen). A group of 15 fish were also used as control groups. LC50 serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH), urea and cholesterol levels were measured after 24 hours. Under optimal environmental conditions (20-22°C, pH: 7-7.2 and 6-7 mg/L dissolved oxygen) LC50 averaged 123 mg/L total ammonia (45.5 mg/L molecular ammonia) after 24 hour. In comparison with control group, the ALP level in the serum of all group were significantly higher than control group. LDH level of group with 150 mg/L total ammonia and Urea level of group with 130 and group with 150 mg/L total ammonia was also significantly higher than control group. There was no significant difference in other enzymes and cholesterol level between experimental groups and control group.

IVF is one of the important techniques for the production of the animals with high genetic values. In this study, the oocytes were recovered from the buffalo ovaries which were slaughtered at Urmia abattoir, and based on the cumulus cell characteristics, they were classified into four. Groups of oocyts with good and fair qualities, were cultured in Ham's F10 culture medium supplemented with 10% BES, and incubated in 39°C temperature and 5% CO2 in air. Following 20hr of IVM, the oocyts were fertilized by capacitated sperms. The fertilized oocytes were further cultured up to four days. The result of this study revealed that 79.6% of oocytes matured and 37.7% of the fertilized oocytes were reached to early cleavage stage.

To evaluate correlation between liver fat and levels of AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total bilirubin and BUN; Liver and blood samples were taken from 163 dairy cows at Mashhad abattoir. Fat of livers were measured by soxhelt method and blood parameters with use of commercial kits and auto analyzer. Statistical analysis of results were revealed significant differences between group 1-4 for liver fat, AST, ALT, LDH, triglyceride and cholesterol (P<0.05). Between groups and b there were significant differences for AST, LDH and total bilirubin (P<0.05). Significant correlation's were seen between liver fat and levels of AST, ALT, LDH, triglyceride, total bilirubin and BUN (P<0.05).

Blood transfusion is known as a route of therapeutic in anemic animals, but little desire has been shown due to lack of the basic information. The aims of this study were to investigate the undesirable reactions of blood transfusion, amount of injection and the level of condolence in anemic cows. Twenty two anemic cows with PCV 16.8 were selected. In each animals the mean 5.36 blood units with average 42 days stored in 4°C was transfused. Blood samples for biochemical, hematological and enzymes activity were collected before infusion, after injection, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Respiratory rates (RR), heart rates (HR), ruminal movements (RM) and body temperature m were also recorded. The results of Hest showed that the mean PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, K, AST, RR, HR in anemic cows increased (P<0.05). It is concluded that RBC, Hb and PCV are the main blood parameters in blood transfusion which directly effects RR, HR, T and facilitate curity in cows. Biochemical components and enzymes activity are less important. Secondly, infusion of one blood unite increases approximately one -mite in PCV, Thus the level of PCV is more important in amount of blood transfusion. All animals cured after treatment.

Many freshwater mollusks act as host snails for parasitic trematodes of medical and/or veterinary importance. For this reason, most freshwater bodies of Baluchestan and Sistan Surveyed for potential intermediate host snails. Fourteen taxa, including 12 at species level versus 2 genera found during 2 records for Iran mollusc searches in 1990. Indoplanorvis exustus and Lymnaea refastens contributed as new records for Iran.

This study was carried out to indicate the fungal flora of cyprinids and their aquatic environments at Sepid Rod Fish Farmed Center in northern Iran. For the determination of superficial fungal flora of three fish species (Common carp, Grass carp and Silver carp) samples were obtained from skin, gills and their ponds water.Thirty one species of fungi were isolated with the dominant species of Yeasts (30.4%) and the lowest number of Fusarium group (5.8%) being identified. Saprolegnia, Allescheria boydii, Nocardia, Pescilomyces and a group of unknown species that also been isolated having 1% of total frequency. All the isolates belonged to the following groups: Mucor, Aspergillus, Dematiaceous fungi, Penicillium, Yeasts, Fusarium and Miscellaneous. There was a significant correlation between the level of contamination of skin and gill among fingerlig being studied (P<0.05). However, no significant correlation was obtained between the level of Yeast contamination respect two organs. In brood stock, there was only a significant correlation between the rate of contamination with Penicillium and Fusarium (P<0.05). It is the first report of isolation Saprolegnia parasitica and Fusarium solani from Iranian Farmed fish.

Milk is one of the most important animal food products which has special nutritional value different factors could affect the raw milk quality and the quality of dairy products. The industry has more emphasis in economical value of the components of milk such as fat and evaluates this parameter as the base of the payment of raw milk to the farmers. Since the hygienic quality and the content of protein and casein in raw milk are also important specially in fermented dairy products, it would be more effective to examine and measure these parameters in raw milk in factory. In this study 48 samples of raw milk in Iran Milk Industry Factory in winter were collected and examined microbiologically and chemically. The results were as follows: Acidity 14.34(CI=14.15-14.52), Dencity 30.66 (CI=30.50-30.82), Fat 3.58(CI=3.49-3.66), pH 6.75 (CI= 6.71-6.80), Temperature 6.87(CI=6.37-7.37), Freezing point- 0.537(CI=-0.535-0.540), Protein 3. 12(CI=3.08), Casein 2.42(CI=2.37-2.48), Total Bacterial Count 1.76x106(1.02x106- 2.49x 106). The positive results of Alcohol 62 test were 4.2% and for Alcohol 72 test were 29.2% of the samples. The clotting time was after 2.5 hours and the appearance of the clot was mildly firm. According to the result the control of hygienic condition in milk production chain is essential.

A hepatic tumour was observed in a 5-years-old female native goat at necropsy. Grossly, the tumor was a large umbilicated pale solitary mass approximately 11 cm in diameter with irregular margins. Histopathological study revealed ductules and glandlike structures, surrounded by a prominent connective tissue stroma. The presence of mucin-producing cell and intrasinusoidal permeation indicated that the tumor arose from a biliary origin.

Enzootic recumbency of cattle is a disease with unknown etiology that occurs in grazing cows on mountainous rangelands during drought seasons in Urmia region. In present study blood parameters including calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus and potassium were estimated in affected animals. Results showed that only the concentration of serum inorganic phosphorus in diseased cows were significantly (p<0.01) lower than healthy ones (1.85±0.182 versus 5.34±0.279). Hypophosphatemia with impairment of metabolism of carbohydrate and creatine phosphate in skeletal muscles could be a reason for recumbency.Another explanation might be that hypophesphatemia indirectly could be a predisposing factor for other diseases causing recumbency.

Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus is an important pathogen of humans and animals. In man it causes systemic infections, enteritis in the immunocompromised and abortion, and it causes abortion in cattle, sheep and goat In order to identify the incidence rate of C. fetus infections, 402 vaginal swab samples of sheep from different area of Tehran and 9 herds with contagious abortion from Isfahan province were survived. The results indicated that in sheep with no abortion or infertility, the most important infectious cause is E. coli. Corynebacterium ovis is the second commonly cause of infection. C. fetues fetus was not isolated from normal herds. The incidence rate of C. fetus fetus in different herds with contagious abortion was 0.6%-13.3%.

Iran is currently dealing with an outbreak of non-highly pathogenic avian influenza due to H9N2 sub-serotype in commercial layer flocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate some ethiological reasons about egg drops observed in naturally infected flocks following the first outbreak in July 1998. This study was carried out in a large multi aged egg layer farm possessing 40 flocks in Qazvin province. The serological antibody responses against avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS76) virus were measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test between July 1998-1999. Comparison of HI antibodies titer of AIV, NDV and EDS76 was restricted to 10 flocks belonging to blocs A and B of farm. Both blocs were infected with AI at 12 weeks olds. Whereas bloc B was also involved with infectious laryngotracheaitis (ILT) after vaccination. The mortality in bloc B was 9.03% more than bloc A as compared at 26 weeks old, indicating that AI and ILT confection may increase AI mortality. An average of 9.64% egg drop was recorded only in bloc A flocks at 30 weeks old. There was a good correlation between decrease in HI antibody titer against AIV and decrease in egg production. Overall, it is suggested that decrease in egg production in naturally infected layer farms may be due to reemergence of field AIV isolates.

Analysis of 8 biochemical parameters were carried out on fasting serum obtained from 38 Kurd horses of both sexes. The mean, standard deviation and 2.5 to 97.5 percentile values were calculated for each analyte. The established reference ranges for 8 biochemical parameters were: glucose (69.25-89.75 mg/dL), triglyceride (15.38-60.63 mg/dL), Cholestrol (63.38-111.25 mg/dL), Creatinine (0.8-1.5 mg/dL), BUN (7.75-25 mg/dL), Uric acid (0.39-0.94 mg/dL), total bilirubin (0.5-2.06 mg/dL) and direct bilirubin (0.1-0.61 mg/dL). With the exception of creatinine all other biochemical values were similar to those reported for other horse races.

Five Bakhtiari rams, one year old, were used in this study- These rams were looked after for two weeks to confirm their health. Blood and bone marrow samples were collected as blanks from jugular vein and sternum, respectively. For induction of sub acute poisoning, each sheep received 3.5 mg/kg B.W. copper sulphate daily for 10 days. Blood samples were taken from-jugular vein four hours after givening copper sulphate solution. After the last blood sampling, bone marrow sample were also taken from each ram. Hematological parameters (PCV, Hb, RBC count, WBC count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte) were measured in blood samples and MIE ratio was measured in bone marrow samples. Clinical parameters (respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature and ruminal contraction) were noted each day. The results indicated that hematocrit, RBC count, lymphocyte and eosinophil decreased significantly but WBC count and neutrophil increased (P<0.05). Heart rate and respiratory rate also increased significantly after poisoning (P<0.05). Variation in MIE ratio was not significant (P>0.05).

133 Blood units (each untie included 450 ml) were prepared from cow in Urmia slaughterhouse and stored in 4°C for 46 days. During 46 days. During 46 days haematological (Hematocrite “PCV ", hemoglubin “Hb”, free hemoglubin “FHb” red blood cells" RBC” white blood cells" WBC”), biochemical (sodium “Na ", potassium “K”, calcium “Ca” urea, blood pH, total plasma protein “TPP” glucose) and enzymatic examinations (AST, LDH) carried out weekly up to 46 days. All samples were also cultured at first day and 10 days later for bacteriological test and also studied for serological test (card test). Except in 4 cases, batteries did not growth in culture, and serological results were all negative. The results of t-test showed no differences in PCV, RBC and WBC during the 40 days of blood collections, while Hb, FHb, pH, Na, K, Ca, Urea, LDH, AST, TPP and glucose changed significantly (P<0.05) during the 46 days investigation. It is concluded that the stability of the main blood components such as PCV, RBC and WBC were the positive points of this study but changes in blood pH, Na, K and others could probably causes reactions following infusion in sick animals and, therefore, need to infuse these bloods and determine probable effects.