Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2003 | Volume:58 | Issue:2|Papers Count:26

Objective: Isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis from mare populations of Shahrekord. Design: To take clitorial swab samples and their culture for isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis. Samples: A total of 57 clitorial swab samples from 57 mares in horse populations of Shahrekord were examined. Procedure: The samples were collected from mares reared under conventional housings. For the detection of T. equigenitalis external genitalia were disinfected by chlorhexidine. Swab samples from clitorial fossa and sinuses were to bacteriological laboratory in Ames transport media and transported cultured on chocolate agar + streptomycin followed by 24h incubation in 5-7°/u C02 at 37 degree centigrade. In order to identify T equgenitalis different biochemical tests were performed for suspected colonies. Results: According to this investigation T. equigenitalis was isolated from two mares in one population. Clinical implications: This is the first time isolation of T. equigenitalis in Iran so it can be considered as a causal agent of equine Endometritis.

Objective: Study on the Prevalence and Pathology of Fasciola in camel of Iran. Project: Cross-Sectional study. Animals: Four hundred and study camels slaughtered at industrial abattoir of Mashhad, north west of Iran. Procedure: The liver of490 native camels slaughtered at Mashhad industrial abattoir were examined for Fasciola between April 20002001. Age and sex of animals were recorded. Pieces as big as 5×5 mm were taken from infected livers and fixed in 10% formalin. After processing, sectioning and staining, pathological changes induced by parasite were studied in the section taken. Then the whole of any infected liver was sliced into 1-3 Cm. The pieces were firmely squized in warm water for removing any parasite from the bile ducts into water. The Fasciola were collected and fixed in 10% formalin. According to morphological features of stained worms and the dimension of 20 unstained adults Fasciola and 20 eggs the species of trematode was identified as F hepatica. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test. Results: Our findings revealed that 5.3% of the examined livers harboured Fasciola hepatica. The average number of Fasciola was 10.5 although 75 and 92 Fasciola were collected from two camels. No significant relation was found between age, sex and infection to Fasciola. The main pathological changes induced by liver flukes were: necrosis, fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cholangitis and arteriolosclerosis. Conclusion: This is the first report on the prevalence and pathology of Fasciola of camel in Iran. It was concluded that camel as new host for Fasciola can play a role on the dessimination of liver fluke infection to other herbivoures as well as human beings. Although the mean number of worms per infected animals was low (10.5) but considering the pathogenicity and the pathology of Fasciola and low standard nutrition of local camels, even low infection can be harmfull to the health of animal production.

Objective: This study was carried out in order prevalence of Theileria infection and interrelatinship with clinical sign in sheep. Design: Field study. Animals: Three hundred sheep. Procedure: During summer season (2000) , 300 sheep were examined clinically and para clinically at Ghaemshahr abattior. Before slaughter, body temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate of sheep were taken and inspection of lymph nodes and color of mucouse membrane (eye and vagina) were also assessed. All parts of body surface were inspected for presence of tick and some of them were collected. Smears of peripheral blood were prepared from car. All of +nears were fixed with methanol and stained with Gimsa. Statistical analysis: Results from this study were analyzed with Student t test and Chi-square. Results: Out of 300 sheep the prepared blood smear showed that 39(13%) sheep infected with Theileria. 31(10.3%) sheep infected with tick (30 Hyaloma anatolicum and l Ripycephalus bursa). Clinical examination showed that heart rate, respiratory rate, lymph nodes and color of mucous membrane (eye and vagina) in all of sheep were in normal range and one case suffered from enlargement of right prescapular lymph node. There was no significantly difference between two groups (infected and nonifected sheep). Body temperature was significantly higher in infected group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Since none of infected sheep in this study showed the clinical sings of theileriosis, it seems that these sheep had been probably infected with Theileria ovis or had been infected with Theileria ovis or had were carriers at the time of study.

Object: Determination of vitamin A and Beta carotene status in Holestein cow.Design: Cross sectional study. Animals: A total of 342 blood and 371 liver samples from Holestein cows in both sexes and 5 age groups as <2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5< years. Procedure: Livels of vit. A as well as R carotene were determined in serum and liver by a spectrophotometer at wave length of 325 - and 453nm as follows: Levels of vitamin A in serum and liver =[(0.000017×figure of beta carotene)-(absorption levels at 325nm)]/(0.00182) Levels of β carotene In serum and liver = (absorption levels 453 nm)/ 0.00258 Hexane was used as a blank. Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: In this survey the levels of vitamin A and Beta carotene of serum and liver were 67.2 ± 3.1, 85.5 ± 4.0 µg/dl and 189.3 ± 3.0, 21.1 ± 1 µg/g respectively. Differences of liver vitamin A levels in 4 and 5 age groups and also between these two age groups and others were significant (P<0.001). In the meanwhile levels of liver vitamin A and those of liver and serum β carotene of females were significantly higher than of males. Effects of season alone and both of season and sex, season and age, age and sex combinations were different. Apart from vitamin A and β carotene the relationship among all the other variants of this survey were significant. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this survey effects of nutrition and to some extent female and vitamin A and βcarotene were highly considerable but high Levels of liver vitamin A in winter were not explainable.

Objective: Study the effect of dexamethasone to inhibit induced corpus luteal regression with PGF2α treatment. Design: Clinical trail (Replacement treatment design) Animals: Seventeen Holstein heifers at 15- 17 month of age and 340kg mean body weight. Treatment: 1-Dexamethasone (I5 mg, Im, Colvasone, Nor broke Co. England). 2- PGF2α (25 mg, Im, Lutalyse, Upjohn Co. USA) Procedure: The numbers, of animals showing lutolysis after the injection of PGF2α on day 9 of synchronized estrous cycle (control group) were estimated and then, on the following estrous cycle, the numbers of animals showing lutolysis after the injection of dexamethasone on day 8, and PGF2α on day 9 (test group) were estimated. Blood samples were collected on day 8 and 13 of the cycle to assay serum progesterone levels and demonstrate the activity of CL. Estrous detection and rectal polpation of corpus luteum were established through day 8 to 13 of the cycle. Statistical analysis: Fisher exact (two tailed) test. Results: Corpora lutea of 17 animals of control group (100%) were regressed after the injection of the PGF2α but CLs of 6 animals of test group (35.3%) were not regressed. The injection of dexamethasone, 24h before the induction of luteolysis with PGF2α on day 9 of the estrous cycle significantly inhibited lutolysis (P >0.05). Clinical Implications: it seems that luteolysis effect of PGF2α which is needed in the case of estrous synchronization and/or uterine injection, may be impaired in treated animal with dexamethasone as an anti -anti-inflammatory amatory drug

Objective: Determination of rhodanese and comparing it’s activity in urogenital system of sheep. Design: Rhodanese was assayed by using Sorbo’s method and obtained data were analysed via t student test and one-way ANOVA. Animals: Five male and female urogenital system of sheep. Procedure: Rhodanese activity was determinated via measuring of potassium thiosulfate based on Sorbo’s method. The data were analysed based on the t student test and one way analysis variance. Rhodanese activity of different parts of a system was analysed by t student test and rhodanese activity in each system was compared with other system by one way analysis. Statistical analysis: Student t test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The rhodanese activity was observed in different parts of male and female of sheep urogenital system. Rhodanese activity in kidney cortex was more than other parts of kidney. Rhodanese activity was also observed in all parts of ram genital system, but its activity was very low, except testis and prostate gland. Rhodanese activity in testis and prostate gland was higher than other parts of urogenital system (P≤ 0.05). Rhodanese activity in ewe genital system compared to her kidney cortex and her liver was lower and its activity in cervix mucosa was higher than other parts of this system (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: High rate of rhodanese activity in kidney cortex was indicated that kidney cortex is very important for cyanide detoxification such as liver. High rate of rhodanese activity in prostate gland and testis indicated that they have an important role for supporting and protecting of spermatozoids. have an important role for supporting and protecting of spermatozoids.

Objective: Determination of erythroblastosis in a 5 months old Chienloo dog. Animal: dog. Procedure: Clinical diagnosis of the disease by haematologic tests of blood as: Cell blood count (CBC), differencial count of white blood cells and hematocrit. Result: In the haematological tests, there were evidence of immature erythroid cell series in the blood of this patient as: proerythroblast, basophilic erythrocyte, polychromatophilic erythrocyte and acidophilic erythrocyte. It was revealed 44% neuclatcd red cells (NRBC), total WBC = 24750/ul, and corrected WBC = 1718I/ul. Therefore there was a mild leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Clinical Implication: It is suggested that the recent case seems to be in the first stages of Myeloprolifcrative disorders or erythroblastic leukaemia. More investigation is needed to achieve the final diagnosis of this patient problem.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary vitamins C , E and fat (sunflower oil) on the performance, carcass yield and mortality rate of heat-stressed broiler chick. Design: 2x2X3 factorial trial. Animals: Five hundred seventy six day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 208). Procedure: The experiment was started at one day old of age and lasted to 49 days of age. Statistical analysis: All birds were kept under a consistent temperature of 35.5 to 36.5 from 10:00am to 20:00pm throughout the experimental period. In respect to existence of different levels of dietary vitamins C (0 and 250 ppm), E (0 and 288 ppm) and fat (0, 2.5 and 5% sunflower oil), 9 experimental diets contain same levels of metabolizable energy, protein and other nutrients were formulated and their effects on the performance, feed intake, carcass yield and mortality rate of heat-stressed broiler chicks were compared. All data were subjected to statistically analysis of variance using the General Linear Models procedure of SAS ® software (1990). Significant differences among treatment means were separated by Duncan’s new multiple range test with a 5% level of probability. Results: Neither vitamin C nor vitamin E had significant effects on feed intake, body weight and feed conversion throughout the experimental period, carcass and abdominal fat percentages at the end of the experimental period. However, chicks that were fed diets containing vitamins C, E or fat had a notable lower mortality than controls group. On the other hand, feed intake, body weight, and feed conversion in total experimental period (0 to 49 d of age) were improved accompanied by increasing dietary fat from 0 to 2.5 or 5%, significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E (250 and 288 ppm, respectively) and dietary added fat could be recommended for reducing of total mortality and remarkable increase of chickens performance and livability in heat stress conditions, respectively.

Objective: Anatomical studies of tarsal ligaments of Iranian one humped camel. Design: Anatomical studies of tarsal joint of camel by dissection and cutting different sections. Animals: Fifteen hind limbes of healty one humped camel. Procedure: Ten fresh and 5 frozen tarsal joints of camel were studied. All ligaments were dissected and named by N.A.V. Frozen specimens were cut sagittaly and dorsally and internal ligaments studied properly. Results: Twenty six ligaments in tarsal joints of one-humped camel were studied there were six groups which classified and named by N.A.V. Clinical implications: From these results, 26 ligaments were studied and named. Recognizing ligaments of tarsal joint of one humped camel can help veterinarian for further treatments of injuries in tarsal joint.

Objectives: Study of the frequency rate of leptospiral infection in dogs of Tehran area by serological procedures and detecting leptospiral antibodies in positive cases and identifying the serogroups of leptospiral antibodies by serogrouping them in the studied population of dogs in Tehran and surrounding areas. Design: A research project was designed to determine seroepidemiologic status of canine leptospirosis in order to find out the relationship between natural positive cases and some important factors such as age, sex, and environmental conditions of animals. Animals: Three hundred dogs were selected among the non-vaccinated dogs against canine leptospirosis, referred to Small Animal Clinic of Tehran University within two years. These dogs which were 3 months to I l years old involved the studied population of dogs in Tehran area. Procedure: Serologic survey was conducted by MAT at different dilutions on 300 blood scrum samples, which were collected, from selective dogs. The minimum dilution of each serum sample was 1:100 and the maximum dilution was 1:800. Urine samples from dogs that were serologically positive (93 cases) were collected in aseptic conditions or through cystosynthesis technique and were cultured in specific mediums such as Fletcher, Elinghausen and Razi-Gardner broth mediums (solid and semi-solid). Statistical analysis: Chi square test was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: On the basis of MAT procedure, 93 out of 300 dogs (31.00 o) showed positive reactions in serological examination at 1:100 dilution of scrum titer against to one or more leptospiral serogroups that were used in this research project. The dominant serogroups were Canicola (9.00%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (6.00%) and Grippohtyphosa (3.67%) as individual seroproup, respectively. The seroprevalence rate of canine leptospirosis obtained by MAT at 1:100 dilution titer of scrum samples, in multiserogroups were as follow: 1. Canicola & Grippotvphosa (3.33%). 2. Canicola & Icterohaemorrhagiae (3.00°/6). 3.Grippogphasa & Icterohaemorrhagiae (0.67%). 4. Grippohtyphosa & Icterohaemorrhagiae & Canicola (5.33°). Conclusion: Considering of scroepidemiologic findings in this study, in order to prevention of canine leptospirosis among the companion animals as well as in farmer dogs, the authors suggest and recommend the vaccination of all dogs with polyvalent vaccine of canine leptospirosis against Leptospiral serotypes of Canicola, icterohaemorragiae and grippotyphasa in Tehran area and suburbs. I, Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 58,1: 133-137, 2003.

Objective: Study the effects of strain and feed restriction on circulatory and respiratory systems in male meat type pure lines (A, B, C, D) and commercial hybrids of Arian, and their relation to ascites syndrome. Design: Factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with two factors of feeding regimen and genetic groups with 3 and 1 5 levels respectively using 6 replications. Animals: Total of 432 day old chicks from every genetic group. Procedure: Day old chicks of each genetic groups were randomly assigned to the 90 experimental deep floor pens. Each experimental unit consists of 24 chicks. The three levels of feeding regimens were: Ad lib. ( Control) , 95% of ad lib. and 90% of ad lib. At the end of every weeks of experiment ( Six weeks duration), a bird of every experimental unit was randomly selected, and before cuthanizing were weighted. Samples of heart, lungs, right ventricle and left ventricle was prepared and their weights were determined. Statistical analysis: All measured variables were statistically analyzed using SAS software by GLM procedure. Comparison of means were carried out by Seheffe’s test. Results: The genetic groups had significant differences in weight of right ventricle/ total weight of ventricles (RV/TV), at periods of (0-21) and (22-42) days of age and in total of experiment length (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between genetic groups in heart weight/body weight and lungs weight/body weight ratios. The three regimens of feeding had significantly affects on ratio lungs weight/body weight in period of (22-42) days of age (p<0.05), with the highest ratio in ad lib. Groups. There were no significant interaction between feeding regimens and genetic groups on the studied variables. Conclusion: The line C, had better balance between the growth of whole body and the growth of internal organs (heart and lungs) in comparison with the other genetic groups, in other words, the line C is the most resistant strain against ascites syndrome. In contrast line B is the most susceptible to ascites due to imbalance between growth of whole body and internal organs. There is need to improve line B via genetic programs, in order to increase its resistance against ascites syndrome. Between feeding regimens, the Ad lip. Birds had highest ratio of lungs weight / body weight in (22-42) days of age. These results showed that continuance of feed restriction not only caused imbalance between growth of whole body and internal organs, and also limited growth of these organs.

Objective: Determination of morphology of the pigs car in Iranian Holstein and crossbred cattle. Design: Cross sectional study. Animals: Pigs ear from 72 Iranian Holstein and crossbred cattle. Procedure: In this investigation the pigs car shape and size of 72 cattle (38 male and 34 female) of Holstein and crossbred in Shiraz slaughterhouse were studied. According to their age, cattle were allocated into three groups including: 0-2 years, 2-4 years and older than 4 years. Statical analysis: ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test. Results: Some animals possessed extra appendix and in three of them a small appendix of about one cm length. Statistical analysis revealed that males had heavier pigs ear than females (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatment groups. No significant difference was observed between the two breeds. Dimensions of the pigs ear including length and width were compared in accordance with age, sex and breed, and no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The results reveal that the pigs ear of male cattle is heavier in both breeds and very different in shape.

Objective: Diagnosis of a tumor mass of the ovary of a hen. Design: Case study. Animals: A 52-week-old layer hen from a 60000-Aryan-broiler breeder flock. Procedure: Ten layer lien carcasses necropsied to find out cause of production drop in a broiler breeder flock. A tumor mass was encountered at the site of the ovary in one hen. Macroscopic characteristics of the mass were recorded and fixed in 10°,% neutral buffered formal in; paraffin blocks were made, sectioned at 51.t and stained with Hacmatoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Results: Macroscopically, a solid, rough and relatively spherical mass (5 cm in diameter) observed on the left ovary. The mass was firm, lobulatcd and yellowish-white on the cut surface and was located crantomcdially on the small intestine serosa. The bird showed no signs of virilism. The neoplastic cells were round to polyhedral in shape with hyperchromatic nuclei and well-defined nuclear membranes and prominent nucleoli microscopically. The cells had scanty, finely granular, cosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Fine fibrous septa separated the cells to tubular like structures or cord-like elongated strands, whose appearance was identical to that of testicular scminoma. There were no metastases to other organs. Clinical implications: According to morphologic characteristics, biological behavior and especially histopathologic findings, the mass was diagnosed as dysgerminoma. The macroscopic and microscopic findings were similar to the other reports. Further studies are necessary for dysgerminoma to determine its significance and prevalence in poultry industry in Iran.

Objective: Comparison of the effect of probiotic Bioplus 2B and antibiotic virginiamycin on immune system of broiler chicks. Design: Completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates for each treatment. Animals: Four hundred male Ross chicks. Procedure: Chicks distributed randomly into four groups. First group chicks as control group received a diet without any antibiotic and coccidiostate. Second group received diet with 0.02% virginiamycin antibiotic premix 10% and for feeding the chicks in two other groups, 0.05% and 0.1 % probiotic Bioplus 2B were added to the diets, respectively. The probiotic contained two strains of organisms namely Bacillus subtilis CH 201 and Bacillus licheniformis CH200. Feed and water were provided ad- libitum throughout the experimental period. White blood cells (WBC) count and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L) measured in blood samples on day 42. The chicks were inoculated with antigens Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain lasota and injected with sheep red blood cell, and were tested for antibody production. Statistical analysis: Statistical evaluations were based on analysis of variance, using SPSS program and comparison of means were made using Duncans multiple rang test. Results: The supplementation of diet with antibiotic had no significant effect on WBC count,H/L, anti SRBC antibody and anti Newcastle antibody in comparison with control. The supplemented diet with 0.1% probiotic significantly increases WBC count and decrease H/L in comparison with control (p< 0.05). However, supplemented diet with 0.05% probiotic had no significant effect on WBC count and H/L in comparison with control. Supplementation diet with different levels of probiotic Bioplus 213 had no significant effects on anti SRBC antibody and anti Newcastle antibody compared with control. Conclusion: It seems that supplementation of diet with probiotic has positive effect on hosts immune system.

Objective: To investigate the seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in veterinary students of Shiraz University by IFA technique. Design: Cross- sectional study. Samples: Blood sera from 87 candidate studentsProcedure: Blood sampling of 87 candidate students (18 to 35 years old) including 55 females and 32 males, separation of sera, grouping the sera based on factors including age, sex, year of enterance to university and exposure to cat, testing all samples by IFA and measuring anti - Toxoplasma antibody titer in dilutions 1/16 to 1/256. Statistical analysis: Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: Twenty-four students out of 87 (27.6%) were seropositive (≥1/16). The prevalence rates of infection in males and females were 18.7% and 32.7% respectively. The prevalence rates of infection on≤22 and ≤22 years- old students were 34.9% and 20.4% respectively. Variables of infection rate and exposure to cat were independent. Variables of sex, age and the year of entrance to university were dependent to infection rate. Conclusion: As the results showed, the infection rate was increased by the age probably due to higher exposure to parasite. Variables of infection rate and exposure to cat (definite host) were independent and it revealed that other route of infection such as consuming infected meat and contaminated vegetables are more important.

Objective: Evaluation of efficacy of alcohol test to differentiate Between acceptable and unacceptable bulk milk. Procedure: One hundred fourty bulks. Milk samples from milk collection centers around Shiraz were examined for titrable acidity, 9a aerobic plate count (APC), California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Alcohol test with single and double volumes of 68° ethanol. Statistical analysis: Correlation coefficients between alcohol stability and acidity, microbial quality and mastitic milk were measured and sensitivity and specifity of alcohol test for evaluation of acidity, microbial quality and mastitic milk were calculated. Results: No significant correlation was observed between alcohol test (single and double volumes), CMT and the APC. Correlation coefficient between single volume alcohol test and acidity was 0.18 (p<0.05). No significant correlation was detected between double volume alcohol test and acidity. The sensitivity of single and double volume alcohol tests for differentiation between high acid milk (more than 16° Dornic) and normal milk (less than 16° Dornic) were 45.7% and 55.5%, respectively; and there specificity were 62.7% and 49.2°%. Regarding microbial quality, sensitivity of single and double volume alcohol tests for differentiation between acceptable (APC<106 CFU/ml) and unacceptable milk (APC>106 CFU/ml) were 41.3% and 53.3°,0, and their specificity were 62.5% and 48.5%. The sensitivity of single and double volume alcohol tests for differentiation between normal milk (CMT negative) and mastitic milk (CMT positive) were 52.6%. And 63.2%, and their 31) specificity were 59.5% and 47.0%, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded from the results that alcohol test is not a confidential test to evaluate the quality of bulk cow’s milk. It is JS suggested that this test to be removed from routine evaluation tests in milk collection centers and industrial dairy plants.

Objectives: Is there Leptospiral sero infectious in shepherd of dairy cattle herds? 2- Which Leptospira serovar are the causes of infectious for shepherd of dairy cattle herds? 3- How much is the titer of sero infectious? Design: Prospective study. Animals: twenty-four non-vaccinal shepherds of 18 industrial dairy cattle herds. Methods: A total of 24-shepherd serum sample were collected from 18 dairy came herds. Serum samples were tested for Leptospira interrogans antibody using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) by using 22 alive Leptospira antigens. Statistical analysis: Chi square test. Results: Ten (41/6%) dogs sera showed positive serological reaction against antigens. All of sera reacted to one serovar. The minimum MAT titer was 1:200 and the highest were 1:800. The most common serovar was canicola hondutrech IV (N= 6 60%) and the serovar icterohaemorragiae icterohaemorragia (No= 4, 40%) had infected shepherd, too. Conclusions: It is likely that shepherd of dairy cattle herd be infected with Leptospira and transmit to dairy cattle and the employees. In the present study, 9 male dogs ( 90% of total infected dogs) reveal leptospirosis, which may reflect an increased risk of exposure. The shepherd must be immunized against leptospirosis.

Objective: To assess the correlation between blood profile and reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. Design: Field study. Animals: Seventy two healthy and 72 affected Holestien cows. Procedure: Recording the data of reproductive failures of cows between 2 to 5 calving no. Palpation of uterus and ovaries per rectum were carried out to assess the reproduction system failure. Blood samples from jugular vein to determine metabolic profile. Statistical analysis: ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. Results: Results showed that blood urea in the repeat breeder cows were significantly higher than healthy cows (P<0.05). However, concentration of blood glucose in the healthy cows, persistent corpus luteum cows and repeats breeders were the same but, it decreased in inactive ovaries and persistent follicle cows (P<0.05). The phosphorus concentration in healthy cows was higher than static ovaries, persistent follicle and repeat breeders cows (P<0.05). The blood calcium concentration was constant in all groups. The amount of Progestrone of repeat breeders was lower than the healthycows (p<0.01). Conclusion: These data suggested that it is possible to diagnose reproductive failures in dairy cows by using metabolic profile test to improve pregnancy rates in dairy cttle herds.

Objective: Comparison of the effects of buffalo-originated Echinococcus granulosus egg and onchosphere antigens in preventing the establishment and development of hydatid cysts in buffalo. Design: Clinical trial. Animals: Nine male buffalo calves, 7-8 months of age. Procedure: Collection of E.granulosus from dogs, orally infected with buffalo-originated viable protoscoleces, separation of eggs from the gravid proglottids, culture of eggs and collection of activated onchospheres, sonication the eggs and onchospheres and preparation their homogenized antigens, intramuscularly injection of each of these antigens, mixed with complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) to two groups of 3 buffaloes, first injection of PBS plus CFA to controls, second injection,with the same materials to the cases and controls, after 6 weeks, challenging each case and control with 500 E.granufosus eggs and staughtcrfng afl 6uMafocs after t0 months. Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance, tukey test. Results: The numbers of liver and lung hydatid cysts were significantly smaller than those of controls. Intestinal protection due to egg and onchosphere antigens was 84.5% and 89% respectively. Site protection of liver and lung against hydatid cyst establishment, achieved by the egg and onchospherc antigens were 45.3% and 53.37% respectively. Immunological protection due to egg and onchosphcre antigens was 76.7% and 83.5% respectively, too. Conclusion: Antigens derived from the E. granulosus eggs and onchospherc are able to protect buffaloes against hydatidosis, although the protection potential of activated onchosphere antigen is much higher than the egg antigen.

Objective: Identification of elastase activity of A. fumigatus from infected humans and animals. Specimens: Twenty six A. fumigatus isolates and also I standard strain that were used for this study, were obtained from human and animal cases. Procedure: Gross microscopy and microscopy morphology of A. fumigatus were examined. Then were cultured on solid and broth medium containing elastin. The diameters of the clearing zones surrounding colonies were used to estimate elastase production by the different isolates. The culture broth was filtered and measured spectrophotometrically for the produce of extra cellular elastase. Statistical analysis: Students t test and Chi-square were used for comparison and analysis of groupsResults: The results of fungal cultures on plates with elastin, showed that the fungus isolated from humans hung had the most light halo diameter around colony, whereas 3 isolates from infected humans and animals appeared with small light halo diameter in broth medium. A. fumigatus isolated from bovine mastitis, produced the most amount of the enzyme on the medium. A. fumigatus isolated from avian