Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2011 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 (79)|Papers Count:19

Introduction: Physical attraction has a significant effect on all aspects of personal life, and in this category facial appearance is the most important part of the body in prediction of attractiveness. In the face, mouth and specially shape and size of anterior teeth is important to gain dental and facial esthetic. The aim of this study is evaluation of golden proportion from orthodontic view in maxillary anterior teeth in both sexes.Methods: Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were selected, and photographs of their frontal social smile were taken by a standard method from 30cm distance. Then visible part of central, lateral and canine teeth was measured by Photoshop software (Adobe Photoshop ver8) with 0.1mm precision. Data was evaluated by descriptive statistical analysis and sample T-test using SPSS.Results: According to descriptive statistical analysis and sample T- test, mean ratio of central to lateral teeth in the left side in men and women was 1.209±0.199 and 1.157±0.156 and in the right side in men and women was 1.179±0.27 and 1.158 ± 0.145, respectively. The ratio of lateral to canine teeth in the left side in men and women was 1.522±0.146 and 1.494±0.127 and in the right side in men and women was 1.55±0.164 and 1.51±0.114, respectively. Golden proportion was seen between central and lateral teeth in 16% in the right side and 3.4% in the left side only in men.Conclusion: Golden proportion was seen between central and lateral in the left side and right side in men, but due to large canine in men, this proportion was not seen between lateral and canine teeth and so due to small lateral in women, it was not seen between anterior teeth.

Introduction: Herbs are used in many domains, including medicine, nutrition, and flavorings. Many species have been recognized to have pharmaceutical properties, e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects. Recently, there has been an increased interest in identifying natural antioxidant compounds for use in pharmaceutical and food industries, mainly due to increased unintentional side-effects of synthetic antioxidants. Polyphenols are the major plant compounds with antioxidant activity. They are ubiquitous in all plant organs and are, therefore, an integral part of the human diet.Methods: Four extracts (methanol, chloroform, polyphenol, aqueous) were prepared from aerial parts of A. morinus.The antioxidant activity was measured by two methods: DPPH and TEAC assays. Theresults of DPPH and TEAC assays were showed by IC50 and TEAC value at definite time point, respectively.Results: The IC50 of methanolic, chloroformic, polyphenolic and aqueous extracts in DPPH assay were 0.336, 0.804, 0.212, 0.836 mg/ml, respectively. The TEAC values of the extracts at 6 min reaction were 29.38, 14.55, 21.29, 24.22 µmol Trolox equivalents/100 g DW, respectively.Conclusion: All extracts showed antioxidant activity in both methods and the polyphenolic and aqueous extracts were found to have maximum and minimum activity in DPPH and TEAC assays, respectively. The results showed that polyphenolic extract has better activity in antioxidant assays.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in the general population. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent symptom in patients with OSA. Obstructive sleep apnea and its resultant EDS lead to an increased risk of deadly motor vehicle accidents. In this study the relationship between EDS and different polysomnographic variables in patients sufferinf from OSAS is evaluated.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 126 consecutive patients with OSA who underwent sleep polysomnography.Subjective sleepiness was assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Absence of EDS was defined as ESS score of<10. Polysomnographic recordings were compared in patients with and without excessive daytime sleepiness.Results: 71 patients with EDS and 55 patients without EDS were studied. Patients with EDS had lower oxygen saturation, longer total sleep time, shorter sleep latency, more total Respiratory Disturbance Index, and more total limb movement than patients without EDS (P<0.05). EDS and non-EDS patients did not differ in the sleep efficiency, sleep stage distribution and number of awakenings (P>0.05).Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is a relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and respiratory sleep variables in polysomnography and oxygen desaturation at night. Patients with more severe daytime sleepiness are characterized by more severe nocturnal hypoxemia. Nocturnal hypoxemia may be a major determinant of EDS in OSA patients.

Introduction: Sleep is an organized behavior which is repeated every day as a vital necessity, and based on biological rhythm. Sleep disorders are common problems in pregnancy that it seems to have emotional and psychological consequences in pregnant women. This study investigated the relationship between sleep disorders and depression during pregnancy among primigravidae.Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on 70 primigravidae with gestational age between 36 and 40 weeks, singleton without known disease. Subjects were selected by multi-stage sampling method in Health– Treatment centers of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences. After filling demographic, Winefield & Tiggemann multidimensional support scale, ENRICH marital satisfaction scale and ISI questionnaires, subjects were classified into two groups: with and without sleep disorders. Then they were evaluated for depression by Beck questionnaire.Using SPSS (ver.17), data was analyzed by T-test for quantitative variables, and chi square and Fisher test for qualitative variables, and Mann-Whitney test for ordinal variables.Results: Findings showed that the severity of sleep disorders is related to depression in pregnancy (p=0.01). There was a statistically significant relationship between difficulty falling asleep, sleep continuation, early awakening, and disruption of daily activities with depression during pregnancy (p=0.03, 0.008, 0.03, and 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: With regard to the results, education about healthy sleep and suitable consultation during pregnancy is recommended in order to prevent mental complications and to achieve a safe pregnancy.

Introduction: Decrease in the rate of the growth and development embryos and their arrest in a certain developmental step e.g. two- Celll block, could be the reason of infertility in some couples reffering to fertility and infertility center. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of strontium on growth and development of two-Celll arrested NMRI mouse embryos.Methods: Following superovulation, female mice were coupled with males and mice with positive vaginal plaque were killed 48 hours after HCG injection by cervical dislocation. Subsequently, two-Celll embryos were collected in RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) and were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group (control) were washed and incubated without any exposure in order to be cultured in M16 medium. The 2nd and 3rd groups were exposed to 4 ° C temperature for 24 hours. The 2nd group was incubated immediately, while the 3rd group was exposed to 10 mM strontium for 5 minutes before incubation.Results: The data analysis by one-way Anova showed that exposure to 4 ° C temperature caused a significant increase in degenerated embryos and a significant difference between groups (P=0.006).Our results showed that the mean percent of blastocyst formation (33.4%) and cleavage rate (45.2%) was decreased in 2nd group in comparison to 1st group (%77.7 versus 90.9%). Use of strontium in 3rd group didn’t have any effect on the cleavage rate (45.2% versus 45.5% in 3rd and 2nd groups, respectively), while the blastocyst formation rate was significantly increased in 3rd group (61%) comparing 2nd group (P=0.019).Conclusion: Developmental rate of arrested two-Celll mice embryos was significantly increased by strontium.

Introduction: Iran is one of the greatest and the most divergent resources of medicinal plants. Cuminum cyminum is one of the important and valuable medicinal plants of our country with such medical effects as anti-seizure, anti- epilepsy, stomach-strengthening, diuretic, anti-flatulence and maldigestion. The aim of this research is to assess the chemical components and antioxidant effects of the seed essence of this plant.Methods: The seed essence from southwest mountains of Behabad, Yazd was extracted by Clevenger apparatus, then segregation and recognition of components was performed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. The DPPH test was used for estimating antioxidant effects and Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating the quantity of phenol compounds. This study was an applied research.Results: Components identification revealed that propanal (26.19%), 1-phenyl-1-butanol (16.49%),  g-Terpinene (13.04%) and benzene methanol (25.4%) had the highest percentage in the essence. The antioxidant test showed a high antioxidant effect with IC50 of 1.49 mg/mg and a high phenolic component percentage of about 162.62 mg/g.Conclusion: The propanal, the main component of seed essence, has a wide range of applications in industries and pharmacy.The result of this research showed a much higher antioxidant activity for native Cuminum Cyminum of Yazd province comparing the previous similar studies about this plant in other areas.

Introduction: Ecstasy or 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychotropic and addictive substance that young people tend to use it to reduce their psychological and social tensions. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of ecstasy consumption on the fetus of pregnant mice during the second and third weeks of pregnancy.Methods: 20 adult female mice were randomly selected (5 for control group and 15 for experimental group). Two intraperitoneal injections of ecstasy (5mg/Kg) was used in the experimental group, on 7th and 14th days of pregnancy, while, in the control group, only distilled water was injected intraperitoneally. On 18th day of pregnancy, mice were placed in separate cages. The condition of palate, skull, external ear, eye, fingers and toes and sindactily, weight, and fertility potentials of newborn mice were studied using stereo microscope.Results: From 163 newborn mice in two groups, no abnormalities were observed in the skull and the external ear. There wasn’t any significant difference between male and female sex ratio between two groups (p=.08). Hypoplasia of the fingers was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). The frequency of sindactily was not significantly different between two groups (p=0.11). Female fertility potential was significantly different between two groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Adminstration of ecstasy during pregnancy may affect the organogenesis and fertility potential of newborn mice. Therefore, more studies are needed in this regard.

Introduction: Nowadays, many researches are being conducted in order to evaluate the analgesic effects of different plants which have been used as sedative in traditional medicine.Solanum Melongena is a plant with different theories about its analgesic effects. In this experimental trial research, the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of hydro-alcoholic extract of Solanum Melongena were assessed and compared with different doses of morphine and distilled water in Syrian mice.Methods: The effects of different doses of Solanum Melongena (1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/Kg), different doses of morphine sulfate (1, 2, and 4 mg/Kg) and distilled water on acute pain was assessed in Syrian mice. Tail flick latency after IP injection was measured for 75 minutes as the index of pain tolerance, using a tail flick apparatus which projects a condensed light stimulus on the animal's tail.Results: Our findings showed that different doses of Solanum increased analgesia index. This effect was more prominent in 45-60 minutes after IP injections which was significantly greater than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Solanum Melongena produces analgesic effect in a dose- related manner.

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease of central nervous system. Disease is more common in young adults and females and causes neurologic symptoms and signs. Cytokine IL-7 is a 25- kDa glycoprotein that has an important role in Lymphopoiesis. Interleukin VII receptor gene has been identified to be associated with multiple sclerosis, so its assessment is important.Methods: We investigated 60 Iranian patients with clinically definite MS and 60 normal healthy controls with negative family history for MS. After blood sampling, DNA was extracted from the whole blood, then we used 2 sets of primers for promoter and exon 4 of IL-VII gene. These fragments were amplified by PCR technique and early screening was performed by SSCP technic in the presence of control samples.Then different patterns with control samples were sent for DNA sequencing.Results: We observed one SNP in promoter. Most of the alleles of the patients were homozygote. There were two 2 SNPs and two sequence variations in exon 4 as P.H165H and P.V138I, which has been submitted in European Bioinformatics Institute under the access number of FR863587.Conclusion: Further studies on control group will be required to reveal the effects of these SNPs on the ILVII-R a protein and they can probably be useed as a biomarker for early diagnosis of MS.

Introduction: Despite the discovery of insulin and current improvement in diabetics care, congenital malformations in diabetics are still more frequent than in the general population. The aim of this study was to identify congenital heart dieases (CHD) in the newborns of diabetic mothers (IDMS).Methods: In our prospective study, color doppler echocardiography was performed in 75 consecutive full-term newborns of diabetic mothers by GE Vivid3 echocardiographic device.Newborns were classified into two subgroups according to the type of the mothers’ diabetes: pre-gestational and gestational. They were also those were classified into three subgroups according to their birth weight: appropriate, large and small for gestational age. Data analysis was made by Fisher exact test and Chi-Square test.Results: Forty nine (65%) and thirty six (35%) of subjects were infants of gestational (IGDM) and pre-gestational diabetic mothers (IPDM), respectively. Fifty five Newborns (73%) were apropriate, fourteen (19%) were large and six (8%) were small for gestational age. The most common echocardiographic findings included: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA: 54.7%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP: 24%), ventricular septal defect (VSD: 4%), atrial septal defect (ASD: 2.7%), transposition of great arteries (TGA: 1.3%) and coarctation of the Aorta (COA: 1.3%). Overall incidence of congenital heart diseases was 9.3 after exclusion of PDA and HCMP cases. The incidence of congenital heart diseases was higher in macrosomic than nonmacrosomic infants of diabetic mothers (P<0.001).Congenital heart diseases were more common in infants of pre-gestational than gestational diabetic mothers (P=0.004).Conclusion: Our results showed that diabetic mothers are at increased risk of giving birth to a newborn with congenital heart disease, and transthoracic echocardiography is recommended for all infants of diabetic mothers.

Introduction: Stroke is a clinical diagnosis which brings up cerebrovascular diseases. Stroke includes any cerebrovascular accident which leads to local neural defect and lasts more than 24 hours. Stroke has severe and irreversible complications and high rates of recurrence after first episode, therefore we decided to study clinical and paraclinical findings of this disease for better diagnosis and prevention of it.Methods: We prepared a case series study to review medical files of the patients admitted to pediatric medical center with the diagnosis of CVA between 1993 and 2003.19 patients were assessed in this study.Results: Their mean age was 5.72 (SD=3.801). Among clinical signs hemiparesis was the most common finding (89.5%). Vital signs were normal except for two patients with low-grade fever or hypertension. Such cardiac diseases as cardiomyopathy, valvular disorder, d-TGA, and congestive heart failure were common predisposing factors. According to CT scan reports, 6 patients (31.6%) suffered from deep ischemic stroke, and 5 (21.3%), and 2 patients (10.5%) suffered from superficial ischemic stroke and and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively.2 patients manifested signs of both superficial and deep ischemic stroke. One of them suffered from Moyamoys syndrome and the other was a known case of MELAS (mitochondrial encepholomyopaty lactic acidosis syndrome). CBC was the most important abnormal test.Conclusion: According to this study, congenital heart diseases are the most common cause of stroke in children. Stroke in children is not frequently associated with vital signs change, and deep ischemic stroke is the most common type of the stroke in children.

Introduction: Food-borne pathogens are causes of poisoning and gastrointestinal infections. In recent years, it is recommended to use natural materials like plant extracts and essences instead of chemical preservatives in food industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the phenolic compounds of ethanolic walnut kernel and its antimicrobial effect on some food-borne pathogens.Methods: In this experimental study, after collection of walnut kernel, its ethanolic extract was prepared. Then its antimicrobial activity on salmonella typhimurium, shigella disentriae, listeria monocytogenes was examined as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using microdilution method.Chloramphenicol (30mg) was used as the reference antimicrobial agent. Total phenols, flavonoids and flavonols were also determined by colorimetric method.Results: The results showed that MIC was between 0.625 and 1.25 mg/ml and MBC was between 1.25 and 2.5mg/ml for ethanolic extract. Total phenols were 365 ± 14.71mg/g gallic acid equivalent, and total flavonoids and flavonols were 285±12.25 and 132 ± 1.63mg/g rutin equivalent, respectively.Conclusion: These findings showed that walnut kernel has antibacterial effects on three aforementioned bacteria and can substitute for chemical preservatives. More studies, such as examinations in food models are needed to unravel the antimicrobial effects of this plant.

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of interaperitoneal injection of baclofen (GABA-B agonist) and CGP35348 (GABA-B antagonist) on serum testosterone concentration in aggressive rats exposed to electromagnetic field.Methods: Fifty five mature male rats weighing 200±20 grams were studied. Animals were divided into 2 main groups and four subgroups. Main groups composed of rats with and without exposure to electromagnetic field. Animals in the former group were exposed to electromagnetic field with 500 m T intensity and 50Hz frequency for 8 hours a day for 30 days. Aggression was induced by applying 2mA current every 3 seconds for 5 minutes. Then serum testosterone concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay method.Results: Data showed that baclofen injection at 3mg/kg and CGP35348 at 100mg/kg significantly increased serum testosterone concentration in aggressive rats exposed to electromagnetic field.Conclusion: According to the simillar effect of baclofen and CGP35348 on testosterone secretion, it seems that GABA-B receptors in testes are two types, so it has caused similar effects. Also, electromagnetic exposure leads to increase in testosterone secretion.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum level of aminoterminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and prognosis in patients with respiratory distress in emergency ward of Rasoul Akram Hospital (Tehran, Iran).Methods: In this cohort study which was conducted in the emergency ward of Rasoul Akram hospital, after considering inclusion ad exclusion criteria, 62 subjects with respiratory distress entered the study. Blood samples of these patients were used for assessment of NT-Pro-BNP levels; Finally, the survival of the patients was defined after 15 days and the levels of NT-Pro-BNP was compared between alive and dead patients. Data was analyzed by SPSS (Ver.16).Results: Mean NT-Pro-BNP level was 8141.41 (SD=10403.95).10 patients (16.1%) died (8 females and 2 males) and 52 patients (83.9%) survived after 15 days. Mean NT-Pro-BNP level was 4674.34 (SD=6680.23) and 26170.20 (SD=7073.80) among survived and died patients, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Serum NT-Pro-BNP level can predict the prognosis of patients with respiratory distress due to such diseases as pulmonary edema, COPD exacerbation and CHF.

Introduction: Excessive salt consumption is associated with the severity of arterial hypertension and various related complications such as ventricular hypertrophy. Regarding the importance of awareness of salt intake in women, this study was conducted with purpose of the estimation of salt intake.Methods: This descriptive– analytic cross-sectional study was conducted with participation of 247 women referred to Yazd medical health centers. Sampling was done by multistage method. Daily salt intake was evaluated by measurement of urine salt and Kawasaki formula. Data was analyzed by SPSS and Student t- test, Chi –square and one way ANOVA.Results: Participants with mean age of 29/91 ± 6.75 years, consumed on the average 10/09 ± 2.97g salt per day. Daily salt intake of 4.1% (10 persons) of participants was less than 5g. Results did not show any significant association between salt intake and demographic variables including job (p=0.451), educational level (p=0.162) and husband job (p=0.178).Conclusion: Considering high salt intake among participants, it is suggested designing and performing suitable educational programs based on theories and models of health education in order to reduce salt intake.