Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2007 | Volume:15 | Issue:2|Papers Count:20

Introduction: In Iran, thousands of young individuals become victims of head injury annually. Head injury can damage neuronal cells which may in turn complicate the recovery of the patients. Also, the increase of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following head injury may contribute to the hypoxic-ischemia brain damage by catalyzing the formation of free radicals (Harber-Weiss Rection). The object was to study the correlation between the level of iron in CSF with cerebral tissue damage after experimental head injury in adult male rats.Methods: A total of 27 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of control (n=7), experimemal I (n=9), and experimental II (n=II). Head injury was induced with a 300g weight dropped on the skull from a distance of 1 meter. CSF samples were withdrawn from controls with insertion of a Hamilton needle through atlanto-ocipital (OA) membrane. Also, CSFs were collected from experimental animals I and n at 30 min and 60 min after induction of head injury, respectively. All CSF samples were measured with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Also, biopsy samples from parietal lobe of brain were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hemotoxyl in-Eosin for morphological evaluation.Results: The level of iron in CSF of control group was 2.95±31 ppm. The level of iron in experimetanl groups of I and II increased to 6.14±1.01 (P>0.05) and 14.72±2.94 (P<0.001), respectively. The cerebral tissue of group I consisted of abnormal dark neurons which were scattered among normal neurons. However, the majority of neuronal cells were damaged in experimental group n.Conclusion: The results showed that the level of iron in CSF as well as neuronal cell architecture was time dependent after experimental head injury. This may cause a non-reversible brain injury with release of free radicals in CSF following head injury.

Introduction: Some of the studies have shown that RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) may cause hearing disorders. These disorders can result in problems later in life, so survey of correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and hearing disorders is important.Methods: This was a case-control study which has done from December 2004 to August 2006 at Shaheed Sadoughi hospital in Yazd. In this study, 50 Rheumatoid arthritis patients as case group (100 ears) with 50 persons as control group who were of the same age, sex and job (100 ears) were compared.Results: Patients were 21-67 years old and the mean age was 47.58 years (It was the same as the control group). From 50 cases (controls) 42 were women and 8 were men.Audiometric tests in different frequencies showed that hearing loss in high frequencies; especially in 8000 Hz was significantly different in the two groups. Also, acoustic reflex was absent in case group and this too was significantly different. The evaluation of sensory neural hearing loss showed that this hearing Joss was sensory, not neural.Conclusion: In Rheumatoid arthritis, middle and inner ear disorders have been shown. But some patients aren't aware of their hearing Joss and they have no clinical complains, so frequent evaluation of audiometric tests is recommended. Hearing disorders can be controlled by therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures in these patients.

Introduction: Hospital infections are one of the important reasons of mortality and incurred expenses. Therefore, we must control these infections by identifying contamination sources. The aim of this study was the determination of bacterial pollution of corrugated anesthesia sets in surgical rooms.Methods: This study was an analytic-description one performed in training hospitals of Yazd city. Research sample was 440 cases provided from different parts of corrugate after completing the anesthesia period by wet sterile swabs and transferred to culture media. On Thursday, each week, a sample from different parts of tube after sterilizing with cetrimide solution was obtained. Finally, after 24 hours, culture medias were studied for colony growth.Results: Obtained results indicated that of 440 cases taken samples, 343 cases were without bacterial pollution, 71 cases (19.29%) had bacterial pollution of samples before sterilizing and 26 cases (36.1%) were polluted after tube sterilizing.Conclusion: Sampling and culturing from used equipment and tools in hospital is one of the important actions for identifying and controlling hospital infections. Obtained results from this study indicated that of 440 cases, there were 97 cases of pollution. Therefore, it is suggested that anti bacterial filters should be installed before Y form piece of tubes in anesthesia machines and disposable corrugated tubes should replace traditional tubes. In addition, it seems necessary that wider investigations should be done.

Introduction: The height of the alveolar bone, is normally maintained by equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption, but in periodontal disease more destruction or lack of bone formation will reduce the alveolar bone height. However the radiography is important in diagnosis, treatment plan and detection of quality and quantity of the alveolar bone; although the type of radiography is more important. The purpose of this study is the comparison between panaromic, P.A (Parallel), Bite Wing radiographs in diagnosis of periodontitis.Methods: This study was descriptive cross-Sectional study Periapical (PA), Bitewing (B.W) & Panoramic radiographic images in 32 pertinent 13 male and 19 female with moderate to advanced periodontitis (mean age 38 year) were taken before surgical treatment. Actual hight of defect were measured by a William's probe during surgery, the distance between cemen to enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar crest were measured on radiographs using a digital vernie scale as well as. Actual measurements were compared with values taken from panoramic PA, B.W radiographs. For Data analysis Paired t test was used.Results: A total of 314 linear distances from the panoramic PA, B.W, and CEJ/BL were measured. The mean difference between panoramic and actual Measurements (0.115 and 0.28) P=(0.24-0.07), were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The mean difference between P.A and actual measurements (0.279- .498) P=(0.0001- 0.004) showed a statistically significant difference (p< 0.05). The mean deference between BW and actual Measurements (0.576-0.613) P=(0.24-0.07) were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Although, all forms of radiographic images showed agreement in detection of periodontal one loss, the accuracy of panoramic radiographs was more than PA & BW radiographs'. Specially when the magnification was adjusted in panoramic radiography.

Introduction: In orthodontic therapy, different materials are used and their presence in oral cavity may modify their properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect biocompatibility of three orthodontic composite resins on culture of human oral fibroblasts.Methods: This was an interventional experimental study. The biocompatibility of three orthodontic composite resins including two kinds of self cure composite resins(Unite,3M and Fantastic, Zar Dent)and one kind of fight cure composite resin (Transbond,3M) were studied. After a releasing period of each material in the culture medium for 20 days, the viability of oral cultivated fibroblasts was compared to negative control(Teflon) and together with MTT assay(3-(4,5dimethylthiazolyl-2) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). In order to evaluate the direct biocompatibility, after direct contacting of composite resins with cell culture, the viability of oral cells was evaluated with invert phase contrast microscope.Results: The results of MTT assay showed the biocompatibility of light cure composite (P.V==0.114)In comparison to control group. There were significant deterrence’s between biocompatibility of self cure composite resins and control group (P.V=0.029). On the other hand, significant statistical difference was not seen between biocompatibility of three composites. The results of direct method showed grade 0 for light cure composite, gradel for fantastic and grade 2 for unite (3M).Conclusion: This study suggested that under these experimental conditions, chemically cured(no-mix) composite resins were more cytotoxic than light cured ones in both direct and indirect methods. Further investigations into the int1uenceof the modes of polymerization and biologic effects of primers on cytotoxic effect and animal studies are warranted to verity its clinical implication.

Introduction: Adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ETS on outcome in pregnancy.Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in Hajar hospital in Shahrekord. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was used to record the details of exposure to ETS. Mother and infants outcomes were compared among those who were exposed to ETS vis-a-vis not exposed. We used spss software for analysis of data. Unpaired Student Hest was used for the comparison of continuous variables and fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after including all variables found to have significant differences on univariate analysis.Results: Of the 600 women studied 236 (39.3%) were exposed to ETS. In these mothers there was a significantly higher incidence of pre-term birth (15.2% versus 7.9%, P = 0.001) and small-for-gestation babies (15.4% versus 6.8%, P= 0.0001) as compared to unexposed mothers. The mean birth weight of the babies born to the mothers exposed to ETS was 139 g less than that of babies in the unexposed group (3094.49±402g versus 3233.99±443g respectively, P= 0.001). The incidence of anemia was higher in exposed than unexposed mothers (P= 0.005). The multiple logistic regression analyses showed that ETS exposure during pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of small-for-gestation babies.Conclusion: Exposure to ETS during pregnancy is associated with higher risk of having a small-for-gestation baby.

Introduction: Zinc deficiency decreases appetite, stunts the growth and increases incidence of infection and if zinc deficiency persists it may cause short stature and delay in puberty. The aim of this research is to specify the level of serum zinc in children with growth disorder and weight gaining.Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was done on 460 children under 5 years who were underweight. After doing necessary examinations and recording the information, 5 cc of blood was drawn from children. The samples were sent to the chemistry college of S&B University and serum zinc levels were measured by spectrometry method of atomic absorption. The obtained information was analyzed using SPSS software and Fisher test.Results: In this research on 460 children, 232 (50.43%) were boys and 228 (49.56 %) were girls. The average age was 2.5 years. Zinc deficiency was confirmed in 89.3 % of children who had mild malnutrition and all of children who had moderate or severe malnutrition had zinc deficiency.Conclusion: This research indicated that serum zinc levels in most of children with malnutrition was less than standard and the more severe the malnutrition, the lower the serum zinc levels will be. 100% of the girls and 85.77% of the boys had zinc deficiency.  

Introduction: Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins (8-17kDa) with the main role of immune cells recruitment to injured tissues, IP-10/Mob-1 is a CXC chemokine and different cell systems in response to external stimulation produce this chemokine. Various signaling pathways are used by cell and tissue systems to regulate production of proteins e.g. chemokines. Therefore we have investigated some of these pathways leading to production of IP-10/Mob-1 by primary cultured hepatocytes.Methods: In the present study, hepatocyts were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured on Weymouth medium in presence and absence of different inhibitors such as SB203580, MG132, KN62 and Staurosporine for indicated time points. Supernatant medium of culture was centrifuged and proteins ere isolated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, then membranes were incubated with IP-10/Mob-1 antibody overnight and followed by incubation with secondary antibody and then IP-1 0/ Mob-l was detected by ECL.Results: We showed that the expression of IP-l O/Mob-l has been decreased in presence of Staurosporine (10 and 50mM), SB203580 (50 mM) MG132 (20mM) and KN62 (10 and 20 mM) but did not change in absence or lower concentrations of these inhibitors.Conclusion: Hence, these in vitro data may aid to a better understanding of the pathways in chronic liver injuries and identify clinical studies that may aid in treatment or prevention of these conditions. Furthermore, there may be further potential to prevent changes to hepatocyte phenotype and allow isolation of hepatocytes with a greater physiological phenotype. Therefore it could be concluded that all of these pathways are used by hepatocytes regarding expression of IP-10/Mob-1. 

Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS-I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage diseases, caused by a-L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme deficiency. The clinical manifestations of MPS-I patients are variable ranging from severe to mild, and therefore prediction of disease severity is difficult. From when IOUA gene has been cloned more than 109 distinct mutations have been identified in it and this number is increasing. This mutation analysis has provided some molecular explanations for the range of MPS-I phenotypes. The aim of this study was identification and molecular characterization of IDUA gene mutations in our subset of MPS I patients.Methods: The present study performed on 5 Iranian families, each with a suspected child for MPS-I. Initially by using enzyme activity assay, the Hurler syndrome was verified and then presence of Ll23R mutation was evaluated by PCR-SSCP. Finally by PCR amplification of all 14 axons of the gene, SSCP and sequencing the mutations underlying the disease were identified and characterized.Results: The detected mutations turned to be L123R (in 2 patients), W402X, P533R and G51D mutations in other 3 patients.Discussion: L 123R mutation, which was reported for the first time from our centre, was also present in 2 of the patients of this study but other 3 mutations were not novel. From our results as well others. it can be concluded that the range of mutations in IDUA gene differ in different geographical areas. This should be considered when designing mutation detection strategies for MPS-I.

Introduction: Ureaplasma uriealyticum is one of the most important causes of Non gonococcal and Nonspecific urethritis (NGU & NSU) in men. Mycoplasma hominis too has a causal role in NGU & NSU. This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to detect Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma uriealyticum in first voided urine samples in men suffering from NGU & NSU without complaints of urethral secretions and in women with clinical symptoms despite negative vaginal secretion culture test results.Methods: First voided urine samples were taken from 150 patients (21 women & 129 men) suffering from NGU & NSU who referred to the Division of Bacteriology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2004-2005. Samples were examined by culture method.Results: Cultures were positive for Mycoplasma and Ureoplasma in 49 (32.6 %) of the 150 samples. Of the 21 samples taken from women, 5 samples were positive for Mycoplasma & Ureoplasma (2 samples Mycoplasma, 3 samples Ureaplasma). San1ples from 44 men were positive for Ureoplasma & Mycoplasma (17 samples Mycoplasma, 4 samples Ureaplasma and 23 samples were positive for both). Ureoplasma urealyticum was detected in 30 samples (20%) and Mycoplasma hominis, was detected in 42 samples (28%).Conclusion: The results of this study provides evidence that culture tests can be done using voided urine in order to detect Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum in patients suffering from Nongonococcal urethris; men who do not have urethral secretions and women with clinical symptoms despite negative vaginal secretion culture test results.

Introduction: Aim was to study the influence of serum testosterone and urinary citrate on the formation of urinary stones in men and women, and to apply the findings for preventing urolithiasis.Methods: We studied 200 patients (100 were men and 100 women) who had referred to the urology clinic at Imam Khomeini hospital and Seda Sima ESWL center. In both groups, 50 were stone formers and 50 were control group with no past history of urinary tract stones. The age range was between 17 and 60 years. All the tests were performed at one laboratory and SPSS 10 software was used to evaluate the results.Results: In men with history of urinary stone formation, the mean serum testosterone level was 9.99 ng/ml, with standard deviation of 6.6, and in control group it was 12.53 ng/ml, with the standard deviation of 9.3. In women, the stone formers had mean testosterone value of 1.01 ng/ml with standard deviation of 1.6, whereas in the controls, the mean value of serum testosterone was 1.14 ng/ml, with ST of 0.65. Regarding the 24 hours urinary citrate ,the mean value for men with stone formation was 95.5 mg/24 hrs and standard deviation of 89, while in the non stone formers, the mean level was148.6 mg/24 hrs with standard deviation of 119 the difference was significant, which showed the preventive role of urinary citrate on stone formation. In women too, similar results were observed, with mean levels of 106.2 and 142.1mg/24 hrs in stone formers and control group, respectively.Conclusion: Statistically, no expressive differences were found between the two groups of stone formers and control group regarding serum testosterone levels, but considering urinary citrate, it seems that a direct correlation exists between two groups, both in men and women.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem in some parts of Iran, which exists as zoonotic and anthropologic forms in different foci of the country. Following an epidemic of coetaneous leishmaniasis in Bafgh city, (Yazd province, centeral Iran), this study was carried out to determine the ecology of sandflies, reservoir hosts and human infection in 2005.Methods: This descriptive-crosses section study was done in the year 2005. Sand flies were collected biweekly from fixed sites of human dwellings and rodent burrows using 30 sticky (oiled) paper traps from the beginning to the active season. Rodents were caught in 20 live traps baited with cucumber biweekly. 500 households (2123 persons) in the Bafgh city were randomly selected. All members of the selected households were examined clinically in the end of each season and forms were completed for each households during a house -to -house visit.Results: A total of 1784 sandt1ies (252 from indoors and 1532 from outdoors) were collected. Six species were identified including Phlebotomies papatasi, P.mongolensis, Sergentomyia sintoni. S.theodori, S.dentata, S. baghdadis. The predominant species were P. papatasi in indoors (87.3%) and S.sintoni in rodent burrows (53%) in the studied areas. 39 M. libycus and.3 Ropimus were collected and examined. Both M. libycus and Ropimus were found to be infected with leishmania major. In the population of 2] 23 individuals in the Bafgh city, prevalence of scars and ulcers was 1.8%and 0.9% respectively.Conclusion: Based on this survey, L.major is the principal agent, M. libycus, Ropimus are the reservoir hosts and P.papatasi is the probable vector of ZCL in Bafgh city because about 87.3% of indoor sandt1ies were of these species. Leishmania major was isolated from the caught rodents.

Introduction: Many organizations, especially service oriented ones, relative to their goals and mission, have a special view towards quality phenomena and its management.Methods: This paper analyzes medical service quality in one case; the internal section of Shaheed Rahnemoon Hospital Based on the basis of gap analysis model and Servqual technique. A questionnaire was designed and applied to measure expectations and perceptions of patients and personnel of the hospital.Result: On application of non-parametric statistical tests, we propose certain recommendations. These tests drive on five conceptual dimensions of service quality including intangibility, responsiveness, reliability, assurance and empathy. Results show that patients in this section were satisfied from the service provider's responsiveness, but there are significant differences between expectations and perceptions in other dimensions.Concision: The service quality analysis models are useful for managers of medical centers to distinguish gaps between the two sides of service representation; patients and medical centers personnel. Ultimately, they can reinforce strengths and control weaknesses.

Introduction: Sexuality is a factor that is influenced by and cultural norms and rules, and these rules and norms determine acceptable behaviors in any culture. Variations of cultures existing in the world produce considerable variety in sexual norms and extensive spectrum of values and beliefs in this regards.Methods: This descriptive study was done to determine the attitude of Kermaninan parents toward sex education for adolescents and their opinion about its contents of sex education for adolescents. The sample of study was 275 couples selected by cluster sampling method form 5 city regions. In this study, a research made questionnaire was used for data collection after determining suitable validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by using central and tendency indexes. ANOVA, t.test and Post Hoc tests (Fisher. Tukey).Results: Findings showed that on comparing attitude of both parents, there was a significant difference only in two items (14, 16). Mean 42.571±5/9 in husbands and 43/71±19/56 in wives attitude score. In regard to the contents of sex education, the least important item, according to both men and women, with a slight significant difference attitude approximately 50% of the total score. This finding shows that parents have no positive attitude towards sex education for adolescents. Comparing men and women in regard to their opinions about the contents of sex education, showed no significant difference between them. In regard to the items emphasized by both parents as necessary items to the items emphasized by both parents as necessary items in sex education, the results were similar.Conclusion: Considering the results and importance of sexual health as claimed by WHO, we should remote knowledge and attitude of the community towards sex education.

Colonic lipoma is a benign neoplasm that can lead to colonic obstruction but concomitant intussusceptions is rare in adults. In this case, colocolic intussusceptiondue to a lipoma in the descending colon had occurred. By laparatomy, we diagnosed the problem, but reduction was impossible. So resection of the colon with mass was done and anastomosed. After surgery and 3 years follow up the patient was without any complications. We present this case, and briefly review literature of colonic intussusceptions in adults.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition charachterized by the presence of multiple gases filled cysts in the gastro intestinal tract. In this article we present three cases with different features, Who at the end evaluation PCI was diagnosed. The first patient present with rectorrhagia (submucosal PCI). The second patient present with dyspepsia (subserosal intestinal PCI) and the third patient present with gastric outlet obstruction (subserosal gastric & intestinal PCI).