Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:25 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two interventions, concluding cognitive-behavioral therapy and nonviolent communication on externalizing problem of children 5 to 8 years.Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of the study, quasi-experimental one was assigned. The study population consisted of the children 5 to 8 years in Tehran, referring to the Comprehensive Psychiatric Center Group Atiyeh. The sample group consisted of 30 children with externalizing symptoms were selected through the targeted method.. Sample group was assigned to two experimental and control groups, including cognitivebehavioral therapy and non-violent communication. The experimental groups participated in their therapy sessions, while the control groups received no treatment. For collecting data Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) by participants before, after and at follow-up treatment was completed.Results: Findings showed that there were significant differences between grades of children's externalizing symptoms related to 2 experimental groups compared with before and after the intervention. There was no significant difference between the grades of children in the control group who had not received the intervention. Also, we have founded that the behavioral methodology was most effective and useful on reducing internalized children's symptoms compared with the other 2 interventions methods.Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of those psychological treatments on reducing the children' s internalized syndrome, it seems that their methods will be suitable for prevention and treatment of children' s behavioral problems.

Introduction: Depth-dose distribution curve of protons in the matter has a maximum is called Bragg peak.Bragg peak of a monoenergetic proton beam is too narrow. The spread out Bragg peak should be created for full coverage of the tumor. The spread out Bragg peak is obtained in the depth of the tumor with superposition of the several Bragg peaks. The aim of this study was coverage of an eye tumor in the proton therapy while healthy eye tissue absorbs less radiation.Methods: In this analytical study, the simulations were performed using MCNPX code. A tumor in the eye phantom was considered. The eye phantom has been irradiated with different proton beam energy. A Polystyrene modulator wheel was used for creating the spread out Bragg peak in the tumor region.Results: Bragg peaks were created in different depths of the tumor, by varying the proton beam energies from 20 MeV to 38 MeV. Bragg peak of the 32.85 MeV proton beam energy was precisely placed at the end of the tumor. Different pristine Bragg peaks were produced using a Polystyrene modulator wheel with different thicknesses and 32.85 MeV proton beam energy. The spread out Bragg peak was created in the tumor region by modulation of the pristine Bragg peaks. Neutrons and photons are produced by the inelastic nuclear interactions of protons with the nuclei of different tissues of eyes. The flux and absorbed dose of secondary neutrons and photons were considerably small compared to the depth-dose distribution of protons and the total absorbed dose in the tumor was more than other tissues of eyes.Conclusion: Using a modulator wheel the tumor can be treated, so that the minimal damage reaches the surrounding tissues. The results show that more than 92% of the total dose of secondary particles and protons is absorbed in the tumor.

Introduction: Elastin like protein or ELP is a synthetic biopolymer consisting the pentapeptide repeats of VPGXG (X can be any amino acid except Pro). This protein is the thermal responsive polypeptide that undergoes a reversible phase transition. At a temperature below the transition temperature (Tt), ELP molecules assume an extended conformation and thus are soluble in aqueous solution; but upon the temperature shift higher than the Tt, however, ELPs become insoluble and form the segregated phase prone to aggrigate’ form. The aim of thisstudy was cloning, expression and activity of ELP60 according to Tt.Methods: Firstly, ELP10 (150 bp) was synthesized and cloned into pBluescript. Then, Elp60 (900 bp) was produced using recursive directional ligation (RDL). Finally, ELP60 was subcloned into modified pET25 and ELP60 expression was confirmed using SDS-PAGE method. Also, ELP60 were purified according to Tt and performance of inverse transition cycle (ITC), which confirmed its activity.Results: The results were shown that the pET-ELP60 constructed and ELP60 expressed; it was successfully purified (about 90%) in one step and non-chromatographic method.Conclusion: From produced recombinant protein can be used for simple and easy purification of the recombinant protein as pharmaceutical drug, smart drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Introduction: Office bleaching is one of the conservative and common treatments for teeth discoloration. Because of increasing shelf life, most of the whitening gels contain a pH near 2 and that is below the critical level, which caused the enamel demineralization. The aim of this research was investigating the clinical study of changing the bleaching agent's pH for improving the color of discolored teeth.Methods: This clinical study was performed on 36 volunteer patients for bleaching. Patients were divided randomly into three groups. Patients received an office bleaching treatment sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide at pH 8 and 10 and in the control group pH was 6.4. For changing the pH of bleaching agent, it was used 2.5 molar NaOH solutions. Color evaluation was performed in 2 maxillary central of patients with Easy Shade device (vita, Germany) before, immediately and one week after bleaching. Then, DE for each tooth according to the criteria a, b and l was calculated. Data were studied by Bundle SPSS20 and ANOVA Two-way statistical tests and multiple comparison of Tukey. Meanwhile, the 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Changing of color before and after bleaching in each group was significantly different (p-value<0.05), but pH between the groups has no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: Due to the limitations of this study, it seems that there is a similar effect in improving the color of teeth in three groups, soit is better to prevent the destruction of tooth enamel it is used the pH above the critical level of demineralization.

Introduction: Nickel (Ni) and nickel compounds are widely used in industry, radiotherapy and nanomedicine. However, the toxicity of NiO nanoparticles is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of NiO and NiO nanoparticles (NiONPs) using basic medical diagnostic tools, such as biochemical tests and histopathological changes of liver in rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 49 male rats were divided randomly into seven groups (n=7), including one control group and six experimental groups (three experimental groups received NiONPs and three experimental groups received NiO intraperitoneally) with doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg for 8 days.After 8 days, blood samples were collected from heart and liver enzyme activity assay was performed on serum sample. Livert issue for histopathological evaluation were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test with SPSS21 software at significant level of P<0.05.Results: The results showed that enzyme activity of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in different doses NiO NPs and NiO increased in compared to control group (p<0.05). Histopathological study of liver following intraperitoneal (IP) administration of NiONPs and NiO showed pathological changes, including congestion, Cirrhosis and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to control group.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that exposure to different doses of NiONPs and NiO can induce different degrees of damage in a dose dependent manner. Thus, increasing level of liver enzymes and histopathological changes confirmed NiONPs and NiO toxicity.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial disorder that has defined by hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention deficits. Various neurotransmitters such as dopamine can play a role in its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to examine the association of two common single nucleotid polymorphisms in DRD4 gene, a 48 bp VNTR polymorphism, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder risk among Iranian-Azeri population.Materials and methods: case–control study was performed on 50 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 50 healthy ones. Peripheral blood samples were used for Genomic DNA extraction by proteinase K method. The collected data were analyzed through chi-square test (x2), with a significance level of 0.05.Results: considering the obtained results, there was a significant increase in 4.8 genotype frequency between two groups (p<0.05). Although, there was no significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies in other genotypes between cases and controls (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our data confirmed the relationship between polymorphism of DRD4 and ADHD. Further studies with larger population of other groups will be required to explain the relationship between DRD4 polymorphism and the risk of ADHD.

Introduction: Learning and memory is characteristically human to survive; reducing sexual hormones in aging and the side effects of chemical drugs are factors that can cause memory and learning disruption. In this study the effect of hydroalchoholic extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression passive avoidance learning in gonadectomized male rats was studied.Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult Wistar rats with a weight of 230±20 were put in four groups (8 rats per group), including: received healthy solvent extract Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gonadectomized received of DMSO and doses of 25 and 50 mg/ kg extract sumac. Firstly,, rats injected intraperitoneally with ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) anesthesia, gonads removed after 15 days recovery period, extensive testing. Passive avoidance test by the Shuttle box device after treatment by the same conditions was performed for all groups. All treatment was performed intraperitoneally and a half hours before the test on the second day (check expression).The data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05).Results: Results showed that in the gonadectomized group received solvent extract (DMSO) (3.0 cc) a significant reduced was found in latency to enter the dark room compared to DMSO control groups (P<0.001). The groups The groups receiving the extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) at a doses of 50 and 25 mg / kg showed a significant increase in latency in the dark room compared with the group receiving the gonadectomy receiving DMSO (P<0.05).Conclusion: Results show that the gonadectomy reduces the incidence of avoidance learning and In gonadectomized rats, hydroalcoholic extract of sumac increases the incidence of passive avoidance learning.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) - an important factor in cellular energy homeostasis regulation - in skeletal muscle of male Wistar rats after four weeks of endurance training and to determine its role with fat metabolism indexes.Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats (eight weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=7), control+XCT790 (n=8), endurance training (n=8), and endurance training+XCT790 (n=7). ERRα was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of XCT790 (0.48 mg/kg.day) on daily bases. Four weeks of endurance training (five times per week) started at 15 m/min for 20 min and reached to 27 m/min for 50 min was performed by the animals from trained groups. Expression of ERRα, Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) and Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1 (CPT-1b) mRNA was measured by Real-Time PCR and quantified by 2 -DDCT method. One-way analyses of variance were used for cross-group comparison.Results: The expression of ERRα (P˂0.037), MCAD (P˂0.001), and CPT1b (P˂0.001) mRNA in endurance training group was significantly higher than the control group. The expression of MCAD (P˂0.001) and CPT1b mRNA (P˂0.001) in the endurance training+XCT790 group was significantly lower compared to those values of the endurance training group.Conclusion: In sum, expression of ERRa is a trainable factor and its changes are parallel with the increase in expression of lipid metabolism indexes; so, it could have a direct role in endurance training-induced adaptation in fat metabolism.