Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:24 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Expanding of research activities and results of these articles in scientific journals as well as the growing trend of researces by students will show the role of journals and especially referees of these journals.Although an article has written carelessly and superficially, it can be printed in journal with detailed comments of a consultant, therefore a referee like a supervisor can be helpful and have an important role in supporting young researchers who are in the initial step of this path.

Introduction: Decreased anabolic to catabolic ratio during menopause, can lead to a reduction in muscle size and strength. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance exercise on adaptive responses of cortisol and androgens in postmenopausal women.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 16 healthy postmenopausal women with the age range of 48 to 62 years and a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 were selected (via purposeful and convenience sampling), who participated in an eight-week program of circular shape resistance training (8 stations, 3 sets with 12 repeatation with intensity of 65-40% of one repetition maximum). Serum levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. The study data were analyzed by pairedstudent’s t-test at a significance level of P<0.05.Results: The study results following resistance training, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels (58%, P=0.000), testosterone (71%, P=0.017), testosterone to cortisol ratio (125%, P=0.016) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to cortisol ratio (61%, P=0.002) significantly increased. Although the amount of post-test cortisol levels was decreased, this change was not held to be significant (P=0.459).Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in levels of androgens as well as androgens to cortisol ratio. Therefore, resistance training by increasing the ratio of anabolic to catabolic hormones can prevent muscle size and strength, and aids to wellbeing and health of postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Infraorbital ethmoid air cells are such anatomical variations may result sinusitis. CT scan is commonly used for imaging infraorbital ethmoid cells but panoramic radiographs often show infraorbital ethmoid cells. This study aim to determaine the prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid cells on panoramic radiographs in cases older than 4 years referred to Dental School of Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch.Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, 416 panoramic radiographs (235 wemen and 181 men) were examinded for infraobital ethmoid cells and were recorded hallers cell and characteristics of cell in questionnaire form. Data analysis were done by Chi-square test.Results: Prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid (hallers) cells on panoramic radiographs in the patients older than 4 years referred to Dental School of Islamic Azad University Khorasgan was 17.8% (14.4% for men and 20.4% for wemen). There was satisically significant differences between men and wemen. The most frequency related to the patients who were between 20-29 years old (28.3%) and the least frequent age was between 40-49 years old (13.5%), but there was no satistically significant differences in several ages. There was no relationship between taller’s cells and cell shape.11 patients (14.9%) with hallers cell had history or symptoms of sinusitis and 4 patients (5.4%) with hallers cell had sinus disorder (retention cyst) in panoramic radiographs.Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of infraorbite ethmoid cells on panoramic radiographs was efficient for first diagnosis. Identification of hallers cells on panoramic radiographs can help dental professional to make differential diagnosis of orofcial pain of sinus origin.

Introduction: Chronic drug use has been associated with a wide range of neuropsychological deficits.Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the neuropsychological functions among three groups of opioids abusers, treated with methadone and non-user individuals.Methods: The causal-comparative research method was used in this study. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling method.90 participants were divided into three groups, opioids abusers (n=30), treated with methadone (n=30) and non-user participants groups (n=30). All subjects were completed the Wisconsin card sorting test and self-reported mental effort scale, and their performance on these tasks was measured and evaluated by both processing efficiency and performance effectiveness. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test and SPSS software (Ver 23).Results: The results showed that in treated with methadon and opioids abusers groups, in two dimensions of performance effectiveness and efficiency of processing were meaker than the non-user group (p<0.01). In addition, the performance effectiveness in the group of treated with methadone were better than opioids abusers (fewer preservation error) (p<0.01).Conclusion: This result that the treated with methadone participants had better performance effectiveness rather than opioids abusers group could have important implications in pathology and treatment of substance abuse. From this perspective, recognizing the underlying mechanisms that have helped to methadone users for having more effective functions, can be effective in developing of cognitive rehabilitation programs in these patients.

Introduction: Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder affecting many people in the society. Glycyrriza glabra is a herbal medicine, which carries a lot of traditional effects, this plant contains antioxidants and phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens are plant sterols that are similar to estrogen in structure and function. The purpose of this study was to dinvestigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrriza glabra root on anxiety in gonadectomized male rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats with an average weight of 230-250g were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. These groups included: healthy treatment group with saline , gonadectomized group with no treatment, gonadectomized group with treatment of saline or solvent extract (0.5 cc) and gonadectomized group with treatment doses of 2, 5 & 15 mg/kg Glycyrriza glabra root extract intraperitoneally (n=8). In a surgery, the testicles were removed.30 minutes after injection. The Data were analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS(p<0.05).Results: Anxiety was significantly increased in gonadectomy rats (P<0.001) when compared with the normal ones. At doses of 5 and 15 mg/kg/bw of hydro-alcholic extract of Glycyrriza glabra root, the time spent in open arms of maze were significantly increased and the time spent in maze close arms were decreased in compared to controls (P<0.05). None of the doses showed any significant effect on locomotor activites.Conclusion: Hydro-alcholic extract of Glycyrriza glabra root in rats not gonadectomized and Gonadectomy serve to reduce anxiety.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder caused by abnormal insulin secretion and is diagnosed by the presence of hyperglycemia. Insulin is one of the drugs used by diabetics patients.This drug also like other drugs has side effects, but in this way using herbal medicine is more effective. This study is to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Lactuca serriola on blood glucose in Streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic male rats.Methods: In study of 30 rats with an average weight of 200-230 g were divided into 5 groups consisted of 6 rats in each group comprised control, diabetic control and 3 groups treated orally with extract of Lactuca serriola. Diabetes was induced by STZ injection (IP) at a dose of 50mg/kg. The doses of 250, 350 and 450 mg/kg of extract were injected intraperitoneally during 6 weeks (40 days). The data were analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS Version 17 (p<0.05).Results: This research showed that the dosage of 250 mg/kg of extract of Lactuca serriola had less effect on blood sugar, and the dosage of 450 mg/kg of Lactuca serriola had a greater influence on blood sugar levels at different days, but dosage of 350 mg/kg and dose of 450 mg/kg only could more significantly decrease the level of blood sugar.Conclusion: According the results of the study, the hydroalcolic extract of Lactuca serriola had the hypoglycemic effects on diabetic male rats and it can be helpful for drug production in the control of Lactuca serriola. This drug consists of natural and synthetic substances: flavonoid, Alkaloid and Gamma-Amino butyric Acid.

Introduction: Postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis is one of the main complication of rhinoplasty. This complication is mostly due to lateral osteotomy. During performing the endonasal lateral osteotomy, with the goal of reducing injury to surrounding tissues and reducing the postoperative edema and ecchymosis. The aim of this study goal was to determine whether creating a subperiosteal tunnel before lateral osteotomy had an effect on postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis.Methods: 102 patients were included in the study. They were underwent rhinoplasty. In each patients lateral osteotomies were carried out bilaterally, after creating a subperiosteal tunnel with periosteum elevator on a randomly chosen side and without creating a subperiosteal tunnel on the other side. The rest of the procedure was similar bilaterally. The patients were examined on the 2nd and 7th days after surgery. The levels of edema and periorbital ecchymosis were score by a different surgery who was unaware of the side with the periosteal tunnel, and the results were compared together.Results: According to the data analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the severity of periorbital edema at the side with subperiosteal tunnel and the side without it on the 2nd and 7th days after surgery (P value=0.096 and Pvalue=0.252, respectively). There was not found any statistical significant between periorbital ecchymosis at the side with subperiosteal tunnel and the side without it on the 2nd and 7th days after surgery (P value=0.783 and Pvalue=0.094, respectively).Conclusions: Creating a subperiostal tunnel before lateral osteotomy in rhinoplasty does not influence on the severity of postoperative edema and ecchymosis.

Introductions: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common disease and suitable treatment has been unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was evaluating oral wound healing process following use of Oralmedic.Methods: In this animal study, mucosal ulcers with the same size were made in the lower lip of 12 mice with the same weight, gender and race. The mice were selected randomly divided into two groups of six mice each, oralmedic and distilled groups. The Oralmedic has been used on the wound in the first group and distilled water was applied on the wound in the second group twice a day for 5 days. On the fifteenth day, biopsy was obtained from wound healing areas and they were investigated through microscopic examination.Results: The epithelium in the restored areas in both two groups was almost normal (p>0.05). In the studied groups, oral medic created different inflammatory effects in the connective tissues. In terms of medicine, formation of the granulation tissue showed a significant difference between two groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. The amount of collagen in the connective tissues were different.Histologic observations showed that after using Oralmedic, some changes such as inflammation, scar formation, and fibrosis were observed in the surface of epithelium of the mucosa and connective tissues.Conclusion: The important point in use of oral medications, in addition to changes in the surface epithelium of the mucosa, is deeper changes that can lead to important and sometimes problematic consequences.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis has created enormous global health problems. Side effects, drug resistance and the lack of effective vaccines had led to the new effective compounds effective of plants. The aim of this study was to introduce a traditional medicinal plant called Black alfalfa (Medicago Lupulina) that can be used as a valuable resource against cutaneous leishmaniasis.Methods: In this experimental study, alcoholic extract was prepared by maceration and essential oil by distillation water method. Leishmania major promastigotes were cultured at 25 ± 2oC in N.N.N culturemedium, then in Schneider and next were cultured in RPMI- 1640. afterward, using MTT (Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium), the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentrations 50%) for extracts, essence and Glucantime were determined. The results using Tukey and t-test were analyzed and were presented by software SPSS16. MTT assay were repeated.3 times for each sample.Results: IC50 for alfalfa leaf extract and essential oil of black alfalfa and Glucantime against L. major promastigotes was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours, 240, 130 and 69 micrograms per ml, and 801, 340 and 190 micrograms per ml, also 26, 19 and 11 micrograms per ml, respectively. There was a significant differences between the IC50 plant extract and essential oil and Glucantime after 24, 48 and 72 hours.Conclusion: Alcoholic extracts and essential oil the plant had significant anti leishmaniasis effects in vitro.In this way, it can be considered as an anti-leishmaniasis among the herbs.

In the last decades, Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases (ESBLs) in gram negative bacilli have appeared as a significant mechanism of resistance to antibiotics. Although resistance to carbapenems is increasing among bacteria, they are still the treatment of choice for serious infections caused by ESBL producers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of b-lactam- b-lactamase inhibitor combination against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.This is a review study. The PubMed and google scholar databases were searched using the following keywords: b -lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors, Extended-Spectrum- b-Lactamases, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and beta-lactamase genes in the time interval from 2008 to 2015. Overall, Ninety one papers were found and included in this study. The results of the study revealed that the use of beta-lactamase inhibitors in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics is currently the most successful strategy for infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers.