Koomesh
Year:2003 | Volume:4 | Issue:1-2|Papers Count:16

Introduction: Longitudinal studies, especially with ordinal responses, has a special setting in medical sciences. In this studies, there is a correlation between observations of every subject. Therefore, the statistical method must be entered this correlation in the model.Materials and Methods: Initially, we entered the correlation of every observation of each subject in model via variance - covariance matrix and in application example, with selection priors distribution for evey parameter, We analyzed data using Bayesiam approach. for comparison, also we analyzed data by weighted least squares (wLS).Results: The result shows that estimate of parameters by Bayesian and WLS approaches have ignorable differences.Conclusion: Because of many advantages of bayesian approach; We recommended use of this method, even if we don't have informative priors for parameters.

Introduction: The cuneiforms nucleus (CnF) is one of the reticular formation entities which rests in midbrain region. This nucleus controls pain indirectly through its binding wither astral ventromedial medulla (RVM). From previous researches, its been proved that thisnucleus has ultra structural similarities and bidirectional connections with periaqueductal gray(PAG) matter. In present study, in according to these similarities and connections, we tried toknow the antinociceptive response of morphine microinjected into the nucleus cuneiformis and effect of inactivation of this area on pain modulation.Materials and Methods. Rats were placed in stereotaxic instrument, with a hole being drilled over cerebellum on skull and a guide cannula was forced down just 1 mm above the CnF.Following surgery and recovery period, various doses of morphine (10, 20 and 40 َg/0.5 َlsaline) and lidocaine 5% (0.5 َl) were microinjected into the CnF. Tail Flick Latency (TFL) and Maximal Possible Effect (%MPE) were measured 30 min in 5-min intervals, before and after any injection as an index for nociceptive responses. Naloxone was injected intravenously to exactly pinpoint morphine action as a non-selective antagonist.Results. Morphine increased TFL in a dose dependent manner. Also inactivation of CnF by lidocaine increased TFL. Simultaneously microinjection of morphine and lidocaine increased TFL which was less than morphine effect (%MPE) alone. While injecting morphine intravenously with lidocaine microinjection increased significantly TFL but these effects were reversed by naloxone administration.Conclusion. It is clear that CnF has opioid receptors, specially µreceptor, that follow in a dose dependent manner. On the other hand, we suggest that CnF inactivation with lidocaineinhibits an inhibitory output that projects to RVM specially off-cells in this area and thisdisinhibition causes pain modulation.

Introduction: It has been shown that the electrical stimulation has improved the skin blood circulation and wound healing in animals. The present study was conducted to determine standard model of minimum current and period of electrical stimulation that will influence wound healing. Materials and methods: For this propose 35mm incisions (35mm length) were made at the back of Dutch rabbits. Due to the propose previous studies the five groups animals were stimulated by the electrical impulses(80Hz and 500 ms) as followed: Group one was stimulated: four times daily, 4 days, 10 min. Group two: four times daily, 4 days, 30min. Group three: onetime daily, 4days, 120min. Group four: two times daily, 7days, 30min. Group five: four times daily, 7days, 30min. Group six: Received no electrical stimulation as control group .the wounds length, area and period of healing were recorded as well as the tensile strength.Results: The results of this study indicated that the duration of wounds healing in all experimental groups was significantly less than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Regard to effects of electrical currents on the skin blood flow and the least of electrical stimulation in group one and significantly reduced healing period in this group in comparison with control group and other indices as well, we suppose suppose that increasing frequency of electrical stimulation while shortening time duration, improve the skin blood circulation and wound healing period while decreasing the side effects

Introduction: Dendrite cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells in the immune system. They are strongly involved in initiation of primary immune response, autoimmune disease, graft rejection, HIV infection and anti tumor response. However the capability of DCs to activate tumor specific T cells in chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) has been reported, direct demonstration of soluble antigens of tumor lysate uptake had not been shown. In this study we have shown uptake of antigen molecules by immature DCs using Flowcytometric techniques.Material and Methods: DCs of two CLL patients and two healthy donors have been evaluated in this study. Peripheral blood monocytes have been purified using mouse anti-CD14coated magnetic beads and then undergone culture process in the presence of rhGM-CSF andrhIL-4. Generated DCs have been assessed for their ability of uptake FITC-labeled proteins of tumoural B cells lysate by flow cytometry. Results: Fluorescence intensity in DCs pulsed with FITC-labeled tumor lysate, after using surface fluorescence quencher (try pan blue), were clearly more than unpulsed controls. This was true for both CLL patients DCs and healthy donors DCs.Conclusion: Immature DCs are capable to uptake soluble protein molecules of tumor lysate prepared from B cells of CLL patients.

Introduction: Caffeine is a nature occurred alkaloid compound which its as usual present in coffee, tea and cola containing beverages, which is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex in the liver. Since of high, consumption caffeine in pregnant women maybe induced side effects on the fetal soin this study we compared the effects of the route of caffeine administration in pregnancy C57BL/6Jmice with and without induction of maternal metabolism by phenobarbital. Materials and Methods: In this study 60 pregnant mice C57BL/6J randomly selected in two divided groups: Oral caffeine (oral control, phenobarbital - oral caffeine treated and oral caffeine treated groups) and other one interperitoneal (IP) caffeine (IP control, phenobarbital- IP caffeine treated and IP caffeine treated groups). Phenobarbital were administered IP to control and phenobarbital groups, and added Distilled Water (D.W) to caffeine groups at 80mg/kg on day 9 gestation. Caffeine at 200 mg/kg were administered IP to phenobarbital -caffeine and caffeine group 11 th and 12 th day of gestation, and D.W was injected IP tocontrol groups 11th and 12 day of gestation, all dams were sacrificed on day 17 gestation, and fetuses were removed , weighed and examined for external hematoma. The results weights are expressed as mean × SD and for external hematoma were used test k2. p<0/05 were significant.Results: Results showed no significant difference between oral control and phenobarbital - oral caffeine groups , IP control caffeine and phenobarbital - IP caffeine groups , phenobarbital- oral caffeine and phenobarbital - IP caffeine groups , but on ther hand revealed significant different between phenobarbital - oral caffeine and oral caffeine groups , phenobarbital – IP caffeine and IP caffeine groups and also between oral caffeine and IP caffeine groups (P<0/05) ,also Result test k2 for comparison external hematoma indicated significant between oral control and phenobarbital - oral caffeine groups, IP control and phenobarbital -IP caffeine groups and also between IP caffeine and oral caffeine groups (P<0/05).Conclusion: Phenobarbital at least dosage of 80 mg/kg caused decrease toxic effects of caffeine on fetuses weights, but not produced restriction increased number of hematoma fetuses in route groups consumption

Intra- abdominal demoplastic small-round cell tumor is rare Malignancy with a predilectionfor peritoneum of young males. Severe ascitis and retroperitoneum involvment areuncommonclinical manifastaion of this tumor. The main manifestation of this tumor include abrupt abdominal distention, severe ascitis,dissemination of tumor in retroperitoneum and various peritoneum involvment

Introduction: Glycoconjugates, particularly their sugar side chains, play important roles in development. This investigation was undertaken to examine the chemical nature of components in the zona pellucid possibly related to follicular development. Methods and Matherials.To this end, lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxides were used as specific histochemical probes to characterize the structure of zona pellucidaglycoconjugates and changes in their composition during ovarian cycle.Results.Three lectins for N-acetylation of galactose and glucose intensely stained the zona pellucid.Conclusion: These observations suggest that the N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc) and N-Acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc)-containing glycoconjugates in zona pellucid may be of functional important in follicular development. We can use this data for causing femaleinfertility and to make special cotraceptives

Introduction: The benefit effects of fish oil has been reported on wound healing in acute diabetic rats. The fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical application of fish oil on wound healing in chronic diabetic rats, and this effect compared to corn oil effects. Material and Methods: This experimental study was performed on four groups of normal rats, Groups I (normal) consisted of normal rats, Group II (control), III(fish oil) and IV (cornoil) consisted of rats, which were became diabetic by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, S.C). Groups III, and IV received fish oil and corn oil respectively on all postoperative days. All animals were wounded by a vertical 4 cm incision in the midline of there dorsum. All rats in the diabetes groups (II, III, IV) are wounded 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. Wound surface area was measured at days 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, and 20 postoperative period. Time require red for full healing also was measured.Results: The results showed that surface area of the wound in group I was lesser than groupII (P<0.001), in all of the postoperative days. Surface area of the wound healing in group IVwas lesser than group II on 15th postoperative day. Percentage of the wound healing in group Iwas more than group II (P<0.001). Percentage of wound healing in group III was the same as group I, on 15, 20 days. Surface area of wound healing in group IV more than group II on 7 day(P<0.001) and percentage of wound healing of this group lesser than group II (P<0.001).Comparison of the effect of fish oil and corn oil on percentage of the wound healing showed, that this parameter in group III was more than group IV on 11 day to end of the study. Time required for healing in group IV was more than other groups. The microscopic studies showed that the number of vesceles in the fish oil group was more than the corn oil group in eleventh and fifteenth days. Also in fifteenth day both the epiderm thickness and emergence of collagen bundles in fish oil group were more than the corn oil group.Conclusion: These data suggest that fish oil (rich in w-3 fatty acid)s, may accelerate wound healing, while corn oil (rich in w-6 fatty acids) have an inhibitory effect on wound healing.

Introduction: vasopressin as a neurotransmitter can improve the memory disorders due toECS, brain trauma, diabetes insipidus, Alzheimers disease and senile dementia. In the presentexperiment the effects of desmopressin were studied on amnesia due To ECS in rats.Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar - Albino rats, aged3-4 months with 190 - 260 gr body weight were studied in complex T maze or Moris water maze (MWM). After a primary introduction to T maze (four day), Twenty rats with a 16 hr period of thirsty introduced to the maze, which they have to find a bottle of water to drink. In MWM twenty rats were treated forten days in training trials, spatial exploration and working memory trials, they have to swim inwater to find the hidden platform where can rest. Then each rat in test group recived 10µg/kgB.W of desmopressin and each rat in control group recived the same volume of 0.9% salin by ipinjection Ten min perior to ECS. Ten min after injection each rat was treated with ECS and 10min after rat was put in T - maze and / or water maze.Results: For both test and control groups the average time to reach the goal in T and water maze and the number of errors in T maze was not statistically different on the day before experiment. On the other hand, on the day of experiment by T maze the average of the time to find the goal for test group was 9±‏4.78 sec and for control group was 15.25±‏5.67 sec and the difference are statistically significant (P=0.032). With water maze the difference between the time to find the platform in the day befor and on the day of experiment in test group was -0.489sec and in control was + 5.07 sec which is statistically significant ( p=0.047). Conclusion: It may be concluded that desmopressin can facilitate retrieval and consolidation of spatial memory and improve the retrograde and anterograde amnesia due to ECS.

Small cell carcinoma of lung is a common cancer but in other organs, this tumor is reportedrarely. in this paper, we report a 51 years old women with sphenoid sinus tumor. clinical , H & Estaining and Immunohistochemical findings confirmed primary small cell carcinoma. In 6 monthfollow-up with local radiotherapy, there arent evidences of tumor in the lung. H & E stainingshows an undifferentiated tumor including small cells. This tumor is diffusly positive forsynaptophysin, focally positive for chromogronin, characteristic para nuclear punctuate staining forcytokeratin and negative for S100, desman and TTF-1.

Introduction: Acute pyelonephritis is one of the bacterial infections which is treated through injection drugs. As, using IV antibiotics has a lot of expense, thus this study was performed to compare the treatment efficacy of two regimens. IV and oral regimen and alternating oral instead of IV treatment. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was carried out on 54 patients \vith acute pyelonephritis without any complication in Fatemieh hospital from Aug.2002. Randomly each patient was prescribed one of the two regimes: oral ciprofloxacin (Regimen I) and IV Ceftriaxon (Regimen II). Seven patients from Regimes I, due to the incomplete treatment with the given medicine were set aside. And the rest of the cases, 24 , 48 and 72 hours after beginning the treatment were checked for disappearing or continuing the fever and clinical symptoms. Chisqure and t tests were used in the meaningful level of 5% to analyse the data.Results: Age mean and standard deviation for regimen. one were 50.40 ± 18.7 and for II 33.2± 22.4, showing no meaningful difference statistically. Both regimens were homogeneous from gender distribution. Response to treatment was 95% and 100%; respectively and showing no meaningful difference statistically. But the duration response mean (standard divination) to treatment in both regimen were 2.67 ± 0.49 days and 1.6 ± 0.63 ; respectively. And having meaningful difference statistically (P=0.000).Conclusion: This study showing that oral ciprot1oxacin is as effective as IV ceftriaxon, however, the response speed to treatment has been less.

Introduction:The biochemical studies in men with spinal cord injured is shown increasing of Antis perm-Antibody titrate. It causes to decrease of fertility by the way to decrease of sperm penetrability into ovum and to pass the sperm from mucosal cervix. The purpose of it study is to survey of the numbers and activity of the prostate gland mast cells on spinal cord injured . Materials and Methods: 42 male sprague-dawley rats (3-4 months of age) were divided to two groups(Experimental=EXP and Control=CON groups). In EXP groups, spinal cord was cutoff by Bilateral laminectomy at the level T9 and in CON groups just the surgical without spinal cord transaction. After killing the animals at 7th,14th and 21th days from operation, specimens was extruded of animals body. Then to accomplish usual histological techniques and serially sectioned at 4 micron. The sections were stained with the Toluidin blue %1 and Trichromemasson and H&E methods and by light microscope equipped with a degree Eye piece and Camera lucid were counted different kinds of mast cells and analyzed through Student T-test and ANOVA .Results: The results shown in EXP groups (7 and 14 days) number of total mast cells (specially grade 2,3) were increased (P<0.001). In 21day EXP group the mast cells grade 1 were increased but grade 2 and 3 decreased and it not significant ( P<0.05 ). The number of mast cells in 21 day EXP group with regard to groups (7 and 14 days) were decreased , and it is significant (P<0.01). Also in 7 and 14 days EXP groups (specially 14 day) the number of Mucosalmast cells with respected to Connective mast cells increased .Conclusion: After spinal cord transaction the number of Mucosal mast cells prostate gland (specialy at granulation phase) very increased. Since this type of mast cells contain high intracellular IgE, probably to can cause increase the Antisperm-Antibody titrate in semen and it to causes infertility in men .