JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2009 | Volume:18 | Issue:71|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from various sources are capable of differentiating into different cell lineages under proper culture condition. Recently, human placenta appeared on the stage in the search for MSCs. Human derived chorionic villi stem cells, are cells with high proliferation and multipotential and will be differentiate other cells.Objective: Differentiation of Human Placenta-derived Chorionic Stem Cells into Osteoblasts.Materials and Methods: Chorionic derived Villi Stem Cells isolated from the human term placenta. Cells collected and cultured at DMEM/F12 medium. Osteogenic differentiation was induced with DMEM/F12 media (10%FBS) with 0.1mM dexamethasone and 50mM Ascorbic Acid 3-Phosphate. Mineralized matrix was evaluated by von kossa staining. Results: The chorionic stem cells when plated, exhibited a population of fibroblast–like cells morphologically. This cells in osteogenic media containing Dexamethasone and Ascorbat Phosphate exhibited morphologic changes in cell structure after 7 days in culture. Cells changed from an elongated fibroblastic appearance to a rounded more cuboidal shape. The cells cultured with osteogenic factors were stained positively for mineralized nodular structures, as confirmed by von kossa staining. Secretion of calcified extracellular matrix was observed as black nodules. Secretion of cacified extracellular matrix was not observed in control group containing only chorionic stem cells without osteogenic media.Conclusion: we have reported osteogenic differentiation with using placenta derived chorionic stem cells. The results of these in vitro studies suggested that placenta derived chorionic stem cells one of the possible allogeneic sources for tissue engineering in the bone diseases

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that associates with structural and functional changes in central and peripheral nervous system and progressive decline in cognitive abilities. Recent experimental and clinical data suggested that C-peptide replacement during type 1 diabetes exerts beneficial effects on diabetic rats.Objective: Determine the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of c-peptide on cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetic rats.  Materials and Methods: 24 male Sprague dawly rats (230-300 gr) used for this project divided into 3 groups: 1. control group, 2. type 1 diabetic group and 3. Diabetic group that receive C-peptide (25 nmol/kg/daily for 28 day/IP). Diabetes induced with IV injection of Streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Twenty one days after onset of diabet, behavioral tests conducted for seven days. Results: In reference memory assessment, the latency of finding platform during four days decline significantly in all groups (P<0.05). Mean escape time in diabetic group was significantly longer in comparison to other groups (P<0.05) but in comparison to diabetic group with C-peptide group, memory impairement decline significantly (P< 0.05).During three days of working memory test, the latency required for finding platform decreased significantly (P<0.05) but this time was longer in diabetic group (P<0.05). C-peptide could improve memory in diabetic group. Conclusion: C-peptide had significant role in control and inhibition of memory disorder progression.

Introduction: Although significant advantages has been made in treatment of esophageal cancer, but this malignant tumor present as locally advanced disease with poor prognosis.Objective: Comparison of effect of Chemoradiation (CRT) with Surgery and Chemoradiation (CRTS) in Esophageal Cancer outcome.Materials and Methods: An analytical-descriptive study was done on 71 patients respectively from 2004 to 2006. Adequate data was achieved positive results of biopsy through the time of last visit or death. The patients divided to two groups, first, chemoradiation (CRT) group and second, postoperative chemoradiation (CRT-S) group. The results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank tests.Results: From 71 patients, 42 (60%) patients were male and 29 (40%) were female. The median age was 66±10 years. 48 (68%) patients were treated with CRT treatment and 23 (32%) patients had CRT-S treatment. The patients with <65 years old (14 months) had better survival from >65 years old (11 months). Survival in female and male was 13 and 11 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between the overall survival of CRT group (11.5 months) and CRT-S group (13 months) (p>0.05). The median time of survival was 12 months. Conclusion: Despite many reports that shows CRT-S have better outcome than CRT alone, but in our report there was no significant difference between two groups. We conclude that esophageal surgeon must be familiarly with CRT which is a useful protocol for treatment of esophageal carcinoma.

Introduction: Women are vulnerable to mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. According to the current epidemiologic studies, prevalence of prenatal depression varies widely. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of depression during the third trimester of pregnancy in women who referred to alzahra hospital in rasht-winter 2007. Materials and Methods: We studied 415 randomly-selected individuals out of 900 obstetrical women in their third trimester of pregnancy, at the prenatal clinic of Alzahra hospital in Winter2007.A Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a pre-determined form containing some demographic variables were applied to measure the variables of this study.Results: 15 subjects (due to incomplete responses) were excluded from our study. Among 400 obstetrical women participated in this study, 100 women (25%) were suffered from different degrees of depression. There were significant statistical differences between depression and education (p=0.018), occupation (p=0.039) and gravidity (p=0.033). There were no significant statistical differences between depression and socioeconomic level and age of participants.Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of depression was similar to some of the other studies, also our findings about the association of depression and education, occupation and gravidity were similar to the other studies but our findings about the association of depression and socioeconomic level and age of the participants were different from the other studies. Use of structural psychiatric interview and analytical methods for determination of the prevalence of prenatal depressive disorder and its relationship with studied variables were recommended.

Introduction: A regular menstrual cycle is the result of regular feedback systems, involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries. Some factors including age, smoking, weight, exercise, race, psychotic condition, work-time hours, work stress, life satisfaction, menarche age, education, marital status and diet may affect menstrua1 function.Objective: Association of menstrual function with working factors among nurses.    Materials and Methods: This is a cross-section survey among nurses of Poursina, Razi, Heshmat Hospitals. 330 questionnaires were given them. It was include of menstrual function (such as: menstrual cycle length, bleeding days, regularity of menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea) and some working factors (such as: work hours, shift work, working place). Questionnaires were collected in two consequentive months, and then the data were analyzed by SPSS 14; ANNOVA and Chi-square test.Results: 307 questionnaires filled, 259 nurses had dysmenorrheal (86.04%), 51 abnormal bleeding days (17%).59abnormal cycle length (19.6%) and 60 irregular cycle (19.9%) in our study work –time hours was associated with dysmenorrhea (p=0.004), working place and shift work with bleeding day (p=0.001), and other factors were not associated.Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea and bleeding days were influenced by some factors such as work hours, work place and shift work.   

Introduction: Despite of many benefits of exercise behavior and active lifestyle, lack of physical activity is a health problem in the community. A key issue in exercise behavior research is identifying psychological variables influencing exercise behavior based on health education models. In light of the complex and dynamic nature of physical activity behavior change, it seems unlikely that a single theoretical approach can truly capture its. In our country, especially among college students, this kind of research has been seriously neglected as a research topic. Objective: Prediction of psychological constructs influence on exercise behavior among college students based on transtheoretical model and self-determination theory using path analysis.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study in which 418 first year students of Guilan University of medical sciences completed the valid transtheoretical model, self-determination theory and exercise behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and LISREL 8.80 using correlation tests and path analysis.Results: All constructs of transtheoretical model and self-determination theory (except external regulation) have significant relationship with exercise behavior. Processes of change (behavioral strategy), self-efficacy in exercise were 0.49 and 0.20 had path coefficient respectively with stage of change as a mediator .Autonomy and processes of change were 0.28 and 0.26 had path coefficient respectively with relative autonomy index. Stage of change as a mediator accounted for 61% of the variance and relative automy index accounted for 48% of the variance in current exercise behavior. The model accounted for 60% of the variance in current exercise behavior.Conclusion: Our findings support the application of combine transtheoretical model with self-determination theory in exercise behavior changes in students.

Introduction: Stress can disturb the physiological homeostasis and the ability to cope with such stressful insults is crucial determinant factor in people health. Today with advances in technology social stresses are increasing. Pain threshold as one of the important physiological systems is affected by stress. Stress induced analgesia is well documented, however, in some situations stress causes hyperalgesia. Type of stress, duration and intensity of stress are major factor in determining hyperalgesia or analgesia. Present study was design to investigate the role of sex and age on pain threshold changes after social conflict stress in rats.Objective: Survey the Effect of Age and Gender on Hypreralgesia Induced by Social Conflict Stress in Rats Materials and Methods: In this study 60 wistar rats including young (3 months) and old (28 months) were selected for studding the role of stress on pain threshold. Ten young rats were overectomized and 10 rats went under sham operation .Pain latencies were measured using Tail-Flick apparatus before and after stress. The time lapsed that rats moved their tail from photo cells was recorded as tail-flick latencies.Stress was induced by making 4 holes on each side of rats cage and fixing rats tail to the outside of the cage after passing and fixing their tail through the holes. Rats were stressed for ten days, each time for 2 hours.Results: Before stress there was no difference in pain latencies among male and female rats (p>0.05). On the other hand old rats showed higher pain latencies than young rats (p<0.001). Overectomized rats showed significant reduction in pain latencies compared to sham operated group (p<0.05). After stress in all groups old, young, female and overectomized tail flick latency significantly decreased (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Reaction to stress in both sexes was comparable, while reduction in tail flick latency was more in overectomized rats compared to sham operated group (p<0.01). Old rats showed more reduction in tail flick latency compared to young rats (p<0.01).Conclusion: Social conflict stress cause hyperalgesia in rats. It seems old rats and overectomized are sensitive to social conflict stress and showed more hyperalgesia.

Introduction: Hospitals as important sectors of health care system has special location in Health economic science. Increasing of the operational costs in hospital and limitation in financing cause that hospital as an economic firm use economic analysis and prepare effective using of resource and boost productivity.Objective: To analyze economic efficiency and resource allocation situation of teaching hospitals of Qazvin university of medical sciences (1999-2007).Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2008. Need data (human and capital resource information) was collected from data center of research deputy of university and teaching hospitals and registered at information sheets and then was analyzed by DEAP2 software and data evolvement analyze method. Results: Average technical, pure and scale efficiency of centers during the period of study was appointed respectively 0.90, 0.96 and 0.93.  50 percent of centers were efficient for using of resource [Total Technical Efficiency (TTE)=1]. Another 50 percent of centers had no efficient situation (TTE=1). Efficiency rate of studied centers was variable during the time of study and had not uniform trend. Human and capital resources were made 67 and 33 percent of total operational cast of centers respectively. The average of annual cost estimated per labor 30.1×106 and for capital resource 19.9×106 Rails. Conclusion: Labor and capital resources have more costs for hospital industry, therefore policy and decision makers must determine need for resource by using economic analysis and correct planning methods and then employ them, appoint optimal capacity for centers to service delivery, enhance positive efficiency indexes and distinguish the ways that is more effective in boosting of resource performance.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that were emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms role of playing in prognosis in schizophrenia. The studies results showed that emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms are important factors that impact quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.Objective: Determination the relationship of emotional responses, positive and negative symptoms with quality of life in schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive correlation study. The Sample consisted of 100 patients with of schizophrenia who were selected among who were referred to Psychaitric Centers of Tehran. Collected with the Emotional Responses Scale, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and Quality of Life Scale were use. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that positive emotional responses (r=0.029), positive symptoms (r=-0/048) and negative symptoms (r=-0.042) and related to are quality of life in schizophrenia patients (P<0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that negative symptoms, had significant contribute in prediction of quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: The results are in keeping with findings from other studies, the results indicated that role of positive emotional responses and positive and negative symptoms in quality of life of schizophrenia patients.

Introduction: Although stress will cause dynamic and stimulus in life, special amount of stress is beneficial for human being, but too much of it may case physical and psychological illness.Objective: Study the effect of Quran reading instruction on stress reduction in the form of comparison of experimental and control groups and determine the role of gender and group factors on global scores of stress.Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental and after cluster sampling, 170 person of 16- 26 year old which consisted of 87 Quran instruction classes attendants and 83 of control group, were tested with SSI questionnaire, before and after instruction.  Results: There was significant difference between two groups in the four subscales of stress (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.992, F (4,163) =3.47, P<0.01, h2= 0.078), there was  not meaningful difference between men and women in the four subscales of stress (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.991, F(4,163) =0.380, P<0.823, h2=0.009) there was not significant interaction between membership in group and gender (F(1,166) =0.318, P<0.574, h2=0.002).  Conclusion: In comparison with control group, in experimental group Quran instruction has reduced stress in significant level. There was not significant difference between men and women in the four subscales of stress. There was not significant interaction between membership in group and gender.

Introduction: Anxiety is a type of worry and fear can effects learning, decision making and performance of medical sciences and clinical decision making. Based on literature review, acupressure non medical method for decrease of anxiety is an appropriate method to reduce anxiety. Objective: Determine the effects of acupressure on anxiety nursing, midwifery and operating room students in the beginning of clinical training. Materials and Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial study, 66 students of nursing, midwifery and operating room that were in the parts of neonatal, delivery and operating room in the beginning of training course were selected. They were divided to P6 and Thumbs groups. The questionnaire included two parts: 1) demographic data (sex & age), 2) Silberberg state trait anxiety scale completed before and after applying pressure in each group. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Stata software used for study power analysis. Results: The mean and standard deviation was 21.26+1.80 for age and 93.9% of samples were female. Also P6 and thumb group were equal in age and sex. There were not any significant difference between state and trait anxiety before intervention in all of the students and two groups were equal. In addition after acupressure we found increased mean of state and trait anxiety in nurse and operative room students than before acupressure, but it decreased in midwifery students that this was not significant statistically. Conclusion: It seems that ineffectiveness of acupressure on nurse, midwifery neonatal and operative room parts, causes of client`s referral and their condition sensitivity.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common metabolic disease in children. This is an insulin deficiency disease which causes changes in some body ions such as serum Mg. Objective: Determine the Serum Magnesium Level (SML) in diabetic children and compare it with non diabetic children and determination relation betweens (SML) with HbA1C, BMI, familial history and duration of diabetes. Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study which was done on 50 type 1 diabetic children who came to diabetic clinic of Rafsanjan and 50 healthy children (without diabetes, malnutrition and diarrhea ) as control group. Results: The results of this study showed that 68% of cases and 78% of control group had SLM more then 2mg/dl and none of them had serum SML than 1.3 mg/dl. But SML in diabetic children was lower than normal group. The SML in diabetic children who had poor control of their diabetes was lower than those who were in good control. There wasn't any significant difference between diabetes duration and SML. Conclusion: Results showed that SML in diabetic children was lower than normal group, but in both group it was in normal range. In this study, SML was in lowest limit normal in diabetic children.Since magnesium is an important intercellular ion, so the intercellular assessment is necessary.

Introduction: Thalassemia is a type of genetic disease that is classified in the group of heritable anemia. Due to anemia hemoglobin level decreases and blood transfusion is used to composed that finally results in excessive iron content. In order to eliminate the excessive iron, Desfral is prescribed. The excessive iron creates undesirable complications on liver, heart and endocrine glands tissues. The most important complication in the patients suffering from thalassemia is restrictive cardiomyopathy and rhythm disorders and cardiac blockage insufficiency. Objective: Determination of the effect of aerobic rehabilitation program on density of Ferritin, Iron, TIBC and cardiovascular operation in the young adult patients with major thalassemia. Materials and Methods: This research performed in semi experimental method on 15 patients 10 to 16 years old suffering from thalassemia with history of 9 to 15 years were studied in a 50- individual population. Research process for these patients was performed in three sections of pretest, during test and posttest. Research data were analyzed with correlation method and X2 test. Results: Average blood ferritin after first sport test and an eight-week aerobic program was decreased considerably as compared with rest (P<0.05) and blood iron after sport test and after aerobic practices as compared with rest time showed significant decreased (P<0.05). In heart beat frequency domain in the duration of rest after aerobic practices, progressive decrease was observed (P<0.05).Conclusion: The effective aerobic rehabilitation program in patients with major thalasemia should be managed based on medical examination and balk sport test. Despite of the creasing aeron and ferritin load, it can cause a freshness mentality during blood transfusion and desferal administration physical practices in the safe physiologic domain, the harmful effect of excessive iron on heart decreases and therefore their cardiovascular operation improves.