MILITARY CARING SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 (6)|Papers Count:9

Background: Since students are the future builders and human resources of any community and have special roles in transferring the health concepts, maintaining and improving health are of utmost importance.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess health literacy and oral health among primary students in Tehran, Iran. For this purpose, fourth-grade female students in all the elementary schools of district 14 in Tehran were assessed.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the students (50) in the academic year of 2012-2013 were assessed by systematic cluster sampling method in terms of health literacy (knowledge, attitude and practice) and oral health. The data collection tool was a self-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed. The available samples were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results: Totally, 50 students took part in the study. The mean knowledge score was 14.53 ± 0.5413; 20.8% of them had good knowledge and 54.2% had moderate awareness. The mean score of attitude was 18.76 ± 0.6409; 14.3% of the participants had positive attitudes towards oral health and 36.7% had intermediate attitudes. There were significant correlations between family size and knowledge score (P < 0.001) as well as that with behavior (P < 0.05). The parents’ levels of education had significant effects on positive attitudes of the student.Discussion and Conclusion: The study results indicated a moderate knowledge and attitude of the students in terms of oral and dental hygiene. With more educated parents, positive attitude of students towards health care providers will increase, since the students’ main source of information was their health care teachers. It seems that positive results can be achieved through education.

Background: One of the most important factors in students’ success and academic achievement is their general health. Students are the human resource and the founders of the future of country, and assessment of their mental and physical health and solutions for their improvement are important.Objectives: The aim of this survey was to determine the general health status of nursing students in AJA University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed during the second semester of 2014-2015 in AJA University of Medical Sciences. A total of 135 nursing students were selected through convenience sampling method as the study sample. Goldberg’s general health questionnaire was used as the research tool. Data was analyzed by SPSS software descriptive statistics, t-test, one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: The mean and standard deviation was 18.73 ± 13.33. One sample t-test revealed general health of students. There was no meaningful difference in general health between male and female students (P > 0.05). Reliability was estimated 0.89 using the test-retest method.Discussion and Conclusion: In order to protect and promote the general health of students, periodic screening and timely intervention is emphasized.

Background: Hemodialysis patients differ by the levels of negative effects on all their aspects of lives; their health care costs are high and physical, mental and social problems and fatigue, despite advances in treatment, still cause stress in these patients.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the amount of fatigue in patients treated with hemodialysis.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 105 patients in AJA selected hospitals in 2015. Data collection and demographic questionnaires were the tools and mental fatigue (MF-20) was the software. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: The highest fatigue degrees were observed in women (P=0.53 and 10.57 ± 63.60), age group of “41 - 50” (P=0.24 and 12.05 ± 66.60), the ones with high school diploma (P=0.05 and 65.26 ± 11.09), the unemployed ones (P=0.84 and 63.61 ± 10.95), and one person with history of smocking (9.573±68.89, P=0.001).Discussion and Conclusion: Unfortunately, monitoring fatigue in comparison with other symptoms is often neglected. Health care providers’ knowledge of how to determine the level, prevalence, risk factors, and complications of fatigue, as well as the strategies to reduce it and the training necessary to improve health and quality of care is essential.

Background: Nursing is one of the occupations with high degrees of physical and mental problems through continuously encountering stressful situations. Psychological disorders comprise physical disorders that have mental bases. Therefore, by controlling uncomfortable emotions and stress, we can improve these effects.Objectives: This research was performed in order to study the effectiveness of self-control training on improvement of psychophysiological disorders of nurses in Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: The method of research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design using a control group. The statistical population included all the employed nurses in Tehran in 2014. A total of 68 nurses from a selected hospital were chosen as the sample group by convenience Of these, the set of people who received a score more than 23 (cut off point) in mental health questionnaire, which were narrowed down to 30 people, were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The tool used for data collection was emotional intelligence questionnaire from Bar-on, and for collecting the associated data with psychophysiological disorder, general health questionnaire was used. Emotional self-control training was presented for the experimental group in 7 sessions that lasted one hour every 15 days. Findings were obtained using descriptive and inferential statics (covariance analysis) and SPSS software version 22.Results: Findings obtained from covariance analysis demonstrated the effect of self-control training on improvement of psychophysiological disorder (P < 0.0001). The disorder symptoms between the two groups had significant differences.Discussion and Conclusion: Since nurses are in continuous encountering with stressful situations, training this occupational group for emotional self-control skills is specifically definable. Therefore, self-control training is suggested as one of the applied skills to improve psychophysiological disorder symptoms, which are results of stressful conditions in nurses.

Introduction: Since chronic diseases and mental problems occur throughout lifetime and one of the most caused tense diseases is renal failure, it can be said that establishing and maintaining spiritual well-being plays a vital role in coping with pressure.Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of prayer and spiritual health with self-esteem in patients with kidney problems in Ilam.Materials and Methods: A total of 139 patients referred to specialist clinics and hospitals in Ilam province were selected by the available method and completed three questionnaires including Paloutzian & Ellison spiritual health questionnaire, Paloma & Pendleton prayer questionnaire, and self-esteem scale. The research design was correlation, which is one of the descriptive research styles, and data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.Results: The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between spiritual dimensions and self-esteem in patients with kidney problems; also, there were significant positive relationships between dimensions of prayer and self-esteem. The highest correlation coefficient was existential health, which was the most important variable in this study. The relationships of regression coefficients with hierarchal method for linear combination of prayer and spiritual health with self-esteem were significant (P < 0.001).Discussion and Conclusion: The Present result supported the relationship of prayer and spiritual health with self-esteem in patients with kidney problems in Ilam. According to the results of this study, it is important to improve the general health of patients.

Background: Self-medication with diet supplements has been increased. Media advertisements have an important role in this regard.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the status of media literacy and attitudes about self-medication with diet supplements for weight loss in dormitory students of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 98 dormitory students of Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected using random method. Data collection tools were two researcher-made questionnaires about attitudes towards self-medication with diet supplements and media literacy, and two standard questionnaires including Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Coppersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI). Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), and analytical tests (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests).Results: The status of attitudes and dimensions of media literacy (knowledge, critical thinking and analysis of media) was moderate. There were correlations in the mean score of attitude with media management awareness, critical thinking, and analysis (r = 0.99, r = 0.71 and r = 0.57, respectively; in each case, P=0.0001). Postgraduate students had higher scores of attitude, self-esteem, awareness, media management, critical thinking and analysis and lower scores of body image concern.Discussion and Conclusion: The states of attitudes, media literacy, body image and self-esteem in studied students were moderate and promotional interventions in this area are recommended.

Background: Anger leads to behaviors that bring great damages. Anger management helps people to learn how to be calm and feel no anger before the start it.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the state of anger control skills in students at School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 students in 2015. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire for anger control skills (PACT). Data were entered in SPSS software version 22 and analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analytical (chi-squared, exact Fisher’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests) statistics.Results: Mean of age in these students was 27 years, 72.3% were single, 62.7% were female, 84.3% were undergraduate and had master of sciences, and 60.2% lived in dormitory. Mean of scores of anger control skills was moderate. While 62% of them had good status in humor skills, the status of other anger control skills were moderate. There was a significant relationship between the score of anger control skills and student accommodation (P = 0.004) and mean of course marks (P = 0.014). It means that anger control skills in dormitory students and students with lower average of course marks were better.Discussion and Conclusion: Anger control skills were not desirable in the studied population and promotion interventions in this field should be provided. Regarding the correlation between the scores of anger control sub-skills, improving each of these skills can be effective on promoting another one. Educational planning in each of these skills is suggested.

Background: After more than 25 years from the end of Iran-Iraq war, there are still many difficulties and challenges in various areas including health care and valuable experiences of health care professionals are not being applied.Objectives: The purpose of this study was reviewing the experiences of health care providers during wars, with the focus being on Iran-Iraq war.Materials and Methods: This was a review based on the information published in SID, IranMedex, PubMed and Google Scholar databases as well as printed studies during 1900-2014.Results: In recent years, several studies with both quantitative and qualitative approaches on the experiences of health care providers, including physicians, nurses, paramedics and rescuers during crises such as wars have been performed, the results of which can be used in educational, research, clinical and managerial fields. In this manuscript, these studies were summarized and briefly mentioned.Discussion and Conclusion: Several studies are necessary in order to use the experiences of health care workers in wars to transfer the tacit knowledge of this group to explicit knowledge, detect their strengths and weaknesses in holy defense, and use the results in facing possible future crises.