Payesh
Year:2021 | Volume:20 | Issue:5|Papers Count:11

Objective (s): Health policy and management knowledge translation is the ‘ process of production, exchange and use of valid and quality knowledge for health policy makers and managers’ . There is a Know-do gap in health policy and management. This study aimed to identify facilitators of knowledge translation in health policy and management. Methods: This was a scoping review. All published articles on the facilitators to knowledge translation in health policy and management from 1 January 2002 to 20 March 2021 in nine databases were searched. Finally, 49 documents were reviewed and analyzed using MAXQDA software. Results: Overall 59 facilitators to health policy and management knowledge translation were identified and were grouped into seven categories including factors related to the characteristics of the healthcare system, the healthcare organization, the health policy and management knowledge, the knowledge producer, the knowledge user, the knowledge transfer technology and the communication between the knowledge producer and the user. Improving communication between researchers and policymakers and managers, generating applied knowledge, increasing access to valid evidence, developing knowledge producers’ and users’ skills, increasing collaboration between researchers and policymakers and managers, and increasing research resources were the most often reported facilitators to knowledge translation in health policy and management. Conclusion: Researchers should be encouraged to produce applied knowledge and policymakers and managers should be encouraged to use research evidence in their decision-making. Appropriate policies, strategies, methods, and standards should be used to make more use of the knowledge generated in health policy and management.

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to investigate the citation status and presence of research outputs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in social media in five subjects during the years 2006-2020. Methods: The study applied scientometric and Altometric indicators. The five subject areas ("Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ", " Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ", " Immunology and Microbiology ", " Chemistry ", " Engineering ") of Tehran University of Medical Sciences was selected according to the subject classification of Scopus Citation Database. Data were extracted from Scopus, Altmetric and Scival databases. To analyze data Microsoft Excel software and SPSS 22 was used. Results: The results showed that "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology" had the most and "Engineering" had the least products, citation and h-index. "Engineering" and "Chemistry" had better performance in terms of the quality of research outputs according to the "Percentage of Papers Published in High-Quality Journals" and "percentage of Highly-Cited Papers" indicators. The subject area of "Immunology and Microbiology" was at a lower level in terms of citation criteria than other subject areas. About 30 percent of the outputs were on social media, receiving the most mention and bookmarking on Twitter and Mendely at all times. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of bookmarking and the altmetric score with the number of citations received by the outputs in Scopus. Conclusion: Social media could have a positive effect on increasing public health awareness and literacy, as well as increasing the citation of research outputs. Since the research outputs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences did not have a favorable presence on social media, it is necessary for the researchers of this university to increase their visibility and increase the citation of their outputs by actively participating and sharing their works on social media.

Objective(s): knowledge translation is defined as a dynamic and iterative process that includes the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve health, provide more effective health services and products, and strengthen the health care system. Research contributing to policy-making in the field of knowledge translation (KT) is one of the needs of the country's health system and activities in this field should be developed. This study aimed to assess the KT status of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study; nine IUMS schools and 33 research centers with a history of more than three years of establishment were selected by census method. Using the Self-Assessment Tool for Research Institutes (SATORI), the KT status among the IUMS schools and research centers was assessed. Data were entered into SPSS. 18 software and described using mean and standard deviation. Results: The mean scores in the domains of “ research question” , “ knowledge production” , “ knowledge transfer” , and “ promoting the use of evidence” were 2. 31, 2. 83, 2. 35, and 2. 20 (out of five), respectively. Strategies with the lowest score was related to “ knowledge transfer” and strategies with the highest score was related to “ knowledge production” . Conclusion: While the university's research and knowledge production capacity was acceptable, there were significant weaknesses in the domains of “ knowledge transfer” and “ promoting the use of evidence” especially the interaction between researchers and research users. It is suggested that comprehensive policies be developed at the national and university levels to facilitate the interaction between researchers and knowledge users and to support the activities of knowledge translations.

Objective(s): The maintenance of medical specialists in deprived areas is of great importance. This study aimed to identify a retention model for medical specialists in deprived areas. Methods: The was a descriptive study. Participants in the study included a sample of specialist physicians in less developed provinces and disadvantaged areas in Iran. They were selected by random cluster sampling. The questionnaire was prepared using theoretical foundations, upstream documents and interviews with experts, which included 8 indicators on the retention of specialists in deprived areas. Structural equation and factor analysis were used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 25 and AMOS. Results: In all 209 female specialists and 175 male specialists from 21 provinces and 37 cities were studied. The mean age of study participants was 34. 8 years. The average scores for job characteristics, payment system, welfare facilities, job facilities, work environment, rules and regulations, personality traits and job motivation were equal to 4. 20, 4. 66, 4. 38, 4. 49, 4. 69, 3. 86, 4. 15, 4. 18, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of the components showed proper fit for the data. Also, the effect of all factors on the retention of physicians in the regions was significant (P<0. 05) and among these, job characteristics had the greatest effect among other factors. Conclusions: Three organizational, environmental and individual factors and 8 factors of job characteristics, job facilities, job motivation, work environment, laws, welfare facilities, personality traits and payment system were effective in keeping specialized physicians in deprived and less developed areas, respectively. The findings might help decision-makers and health care authorities to improve the maintenance conditions and provide the required manpower in deprived areas.

Objective (s): The most common cause of death and mortality of infants is preterm labor. The identification of factors associated with preterm labor will reduce preterm infant mortality. This study aimed to determine the relationship between preterm delivery and oral, kidney and urinary tracts infections in pregnant women Methods: This was a case-control study that carried on the 198 pregnant women (66 pregnant women with premature labor as case group and 132 pregnant women with term delivery as control group) in selected hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. For data collection we used demographic and fertility questionnaire, and the Holbrook standard checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t– test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher’ s exact test, logistic regression. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between preterm labor and kidney, urinary tracts infections (p=0. 626). While the logistic regression showed significant association between the onset of uterine contractions (preterm birth) and of the mouth and teeth infections (p=0. 012) Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is relationship between preterm deliveries and oral infections. Therefore, it is recommended that preventive necessary measures be taken or treat oral infections faster in women before and during pregnancy.

Objectives: Birth of an infant with very low birth weight (VLBW) (weight less than 1500 grams) is a major cause of deaths and complications in infancy and childhood. Despite recent progressions in medical care and treatment for VLBW children, the mortality rate is high in this group of children. The present study was performed to better identify the survival rate of these children and the problems that affect the survival of this group of infants in the short and long term. Methods: The study population was all infants weighing less than 1500 grams or infants who borne at less than 32 weeks of pregnancy. Infants whom birth occurred from the beginning to the end of 2018 in hospitals in Tehran were included. Information about these children was provided by the Family and Population Health Office of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Sampling was non-random and all information about the infants under study was recorded in a questionnaire. All data from the study were entered into SPSS-22 software and the results were presented using descriptive and analytical statistics. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier test and the effect of variables on survival was evaluated using multivariate Cox model. Results: A total of 338 children were studied. Based on the results of cox regression models, the probability of one-month survival of children was about 68% and the probability of one-year survival was about 60%. Of the 10 variables affecting the survival of VLBW infants and children under study, 6 variables of maternal education, number of pregnancies, parent and infant insurance, gestational age, birth weight and maternal vaccination before pregnancy were significantly related with the death of infant (P ≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: The findings suggest one of the effective strategies for improving VLBW infant survival rate is encouraging women to continue their education, vaccinating mother before pregnancy, insuring family members and preventing multiple pregnancies.

Objective(s): Health literacy is an individual and social skill and capacity for access, understanding, processing and evaluation, decision making and behavior regarding medical information and health services. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of health literacy of nulliparous women with postpartum depression attending to Kabul hospitals in Afghanistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 281 primiparous women in the sixth to eighth weeks after delivery and with the least literacy skills. After obtaining informed consent, the study population completed demographic and fertility questions, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale adapted to Dari (D-EPDS), and the Dari Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (D-HELIA). The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The mean score of health literacy was 52. 21. One hundred and fifty-eight patients (56. 2%) had postpartum depression. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that postpartum depression significantly was associated with health literacy (OR: 0. 95, CI: 0. 95-0. 99: 95%, p = 0. 0001). Also there was significant association between postpartum depression and unwanted pregnancy (p = 0. 007), age at marriage (p = 0. 006), unwanted sex of the baby (p = 0. 006), being abused by the spouse (p = 0. 013). There was no statistically significant relationship between postpartum depression and age (p = 0. 08), body mass index (p = 0. 21), and number of abortions (p = 0. 052). Conclusions: This is the first study that reports on the topic from Kabul-Afghanistan and found that the level of health literacy of primiparous women has a significant relationship with their postpartum depression, It is suggested that educational interventions implemented during pregnancy in order to improve the level of health literacy of primiparous women.

Objective(s): Every society has a level of media literacy, but what is important is a critical approach to media content, which is of particular importance among adolescents and young people. Therefore, in this study, a model for media health literacy with a critical approach for high school students in Tehran has been developed and validated. Methods: The research method in this article is of quantitative type. The statistical population of this study includes the first and second year high school students of Tehran. The statistical sample was based on the sample required for exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis of 415 persons (in two stage) and the cluster sampling method was proportional to the selected cluster size. The research instrument was a self-designed questionnaire, which was validated from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and PLS software for data analysis. Results: The findings for the exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of all indicators were higher than 0. 3. The goodness indicators of the pattern fit also showed that the structural pattern extracted has a good fit with the data. Also, the dimensions and components of the model had good reliability (Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the need for integrated and systematic attention to all aspects of media health literacy with a critical approach in high schools is necessary.

Objective(s): Establishing a proper relationship between patient and physician is an essential component of quality medical care and effective communication plays an important role in health system. This study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the DPC for doctor-patient communication skill assessment scale in acute and critical conditions in Iran. Methods: In this study, the Persian version of the physician-patient relationship assessment scale in acute and critical conditions was used. The statistical population included patients referring to the hospitals affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Based on the inclusion criteria, (n=380) were selected by convenience sampling method. After translation and adaptation; face and content validity, reliability and structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) were used. Results: Out of 380 participants in the study, 233 (61. 3%) were female and 147 (38. 7%) were male. More than half of participants 198 (52. 1%) had a secondary education and 315 (82. 9%) were employed. The content validity ratio according to experts’ panel was 0. 99. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that of all 15 items were loaded with a factor loading above 0. 4 and the scale had a good fit in Iranian society. Reliability was 0. 96 using Cronbach's alpha and 0. 9 using test retest analysis. Conclusion: The Iranian version of doctor-patient communication for skill assessment in acute and critical conditions showed good validity and reliability. By using the scale health system managers can recognize the strengths and weaknesses of communication skill and based on, they can design appropriate interventions.