Koomesh
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 (82)|Papers Count:16

Introduction: Due to the high sensitivity, eye surgeries should have the least irritating reactions after anesthesia. On the other hand, due to the fact that the laryngeal mask is less irritated, using this device is always a good choice in cataract surgery. Postoperative stimulation the present study was designed to compare the two methods of using Lubricant gel, lidocaine gel during laryngeal mask airway (LMA) on hemodynamic symptoms and anesthesia reactions in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 120 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were randomly divided into 60 equal groups of lidocaine gel and lubricant gel. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation before and immediately after induction 5 minutes after surgery 15 minutes after surgery, 30 minutes after surgery and were calculated in recovery. Episodes of cough, sore throat, nausea and vomiting in recovery, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery were also recorded in the ophthalmology department. Results: The findings of the present study indicated that the groups were not significantly different in terms of demographic characteristics. There was no significant difference between cough, nausea and heart rate and oxygen saturation rate of arterial blood 30 minutes after surgery and recovery in the airway of the laryngeal mask after its exit, but in sore throat and saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin there is a significant difference. The intensity of sore throat in the lidocaine group decreased and the oxygen saturation of arterial blood increased in the 15 minutes after surgery in the lidocaine group. Conclusion: The results showed that in general, the use of lidocaine could be effective in reducing the severity of sore throat after surgery compared to lubricant, although no significant difference was observed between other variables; it is recommended in future studies in surgery and Caesar with more facilitators for LMA.

Introduction: One of the main symptoms of children with autism spectrum is impairment disorder in executive functions and its components. This study investigated the effectiveness of working memory training on executive functions in children with high-function autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: In a single-subject study with ABA design, five children with ASD, the age range of 116 years, by available sampling method participated in the study. Their executive function was assessed 3 times before the intervention with 2 weeks interval, 4 times during the intervention and 3 times after the intervention using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function by the parents. Intervention consisted of working memory training using Robo memo software in 24 sessions (3 times a week and each session 30 minutes). Visual analysis, the percentage of non-overlapping data, and effect size were used to interpret the results. Results: Working memory training improved the executive functions, respectively, with Cohen's D effect sizes (1. 87, 2. 55, 3. 97, 2. 76, 4. 22), respectively. The intervention program also improved behavioral adjustment index with effect sizes (1. 46, 2. 55, 4. 61, 1. 89, 3. 65) and metacognition (with effect sizes 1. 87, 2. 15, / 68 2, 3. 13, 3. 71) in subjects. The changes were in all 5 subjects were positive (effect size greater than 0. 8). Conclusion: It seems that working memory training can enhance executive functions and its components (behavioral regulation, metacognition) in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Death anxiety is one of the most common problems in cancer patients. It is also possible to treat death anxiety by the method of desensitization through eye movements and reprocessing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of desensitization with eye movement and reprocessing on anxiety of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 66 patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Qazvin hospital in 2019 (Irtan) were selected by convenience sampling method. In order to assign it into two groups of 33 test and control individuals, 4 random block methods were used. The experimental group received 8 min sessions of 45-90 min of allergic desensitization education. After educating the experimental group, the same treatment was done for the control group. Demographic questionnaires and Templar death anxiety questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: The results showed that in the control group the mean score of anxiety increased from 50. 81± 66 5. 66 to 52. 1± 3. 88, which was not statistically significant (P=0. 33). However, in the experimental group the mean scores of anxiety before intervention were 50. 66± 5. 07, which was significantly reduced by 46. 09± 3 3. 6 after intervention (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, desensitization using eye movements and reprocessing can be used as an effective method to reduce death anxiety in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Introduction: Physiological changes in menopause can affect women's health. Women's lifestyle is one of the most important factors affecting their health at this time. However, women do not have sufficient knowledge of healthpromoting behaviors and do not receive the necessary training in this area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health promoting lifestyle training on health promoting behaviors in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. 84 women referred to health centers of Qazvin (Iran) were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 42 intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire and HPLP II questionnaire. Both groups before intervention completed questionnaires. Intervention consisted of 4 sessions of lecture-based group training with presentation of slides, booklets, pamphlets and six areas of health promoting lifestyle questionnaire. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire was evaluated in two groups one month, two months and three months after the intervention. Results: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the distribution of individual variables. According to the results of the three follow-up periods, it was found that the difference between the groups was significant in terms of changes in mean life style. Mean score of health promoting lifestyle in the experimental group (2. 72 ± 0. 37 before intervention), (one month after intervention 3. 12 ± 0. 45), (two months after intervention 3. 43 ± 0. 068), (3 months after intervention 3. 45± 0. 7). This result indicated the positive impact of the intervention mentioned. Mean score of health promoting lifestyle in control group (2. 7 ± 0. 43 before intervention), (one month after intervention 2. 9 ± 0. 46), (two months after intervention 2. 76 ± . 069), (three months after the intervention was 2. 75 ± 0. 71). This indicates that mean life style scores increased significantly in the experimental group during the measurement times but remained unchanged in the control group (P<0. 05). This demonstrates the long-term effects of a significant increase in the health-promoting lifestyle over time. Remarkably, the highest increase was in physical activity and the least in health responsibility. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that health promoting lifestyle-training intervention is effective on health promotion behaviors of postmenopausal women. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as a simple, practical and low cost educational method for postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting are conditions that could occur after anesthesia and lead to reduced activity and surgery dissatisfaction. Therefore, according to its importance, this study was accomplished in order to compere the effect of metoclopramide and promethazine on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: This study was a double-blind clinical trial of 60 ASA class I and II patients aged 18-70 who visited for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely metoclopramide 10mg and promethazine 1mg/kg. The occurrence and intensity of nausea and vomiting, the hemodynamic parameters of patients before induction and one minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes after induction, and recovery at moment zero and after 30 minutes, one hour, and 2 hours were measured and recorded. Results: Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared for the two groups in different times. Although no significant difference was observed in MAP analysis before recovery, the difference between the two groups during recovery was statistically significant (P>0. 05). In HR analysis, the difference between different times was not statistically significant (P<0. 05). The level of nausea at different periods, although lower at the promethazine group, was not statistically significant (P<0. 05). Importantly, the level of vomiting was compared between the two groups at various times, and although lower in the promethazine group, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P<0. 05). The difference in vomiting intensity between the two groups at different times was also statistically insignificant (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the present study, metoclopramide and promethazine have the same effectiveness on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and are not superior to one another.

Introduction: Disorders in intestinal permeability have been reported in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that may be compensated by complementary therapies through modifying the composition of the intestinal microflora. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of probiotic yogurt on intestinal permeability in patients with IBD. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 86 patients in the probiotic yogurt group (intervention patient), 90 patients in the plain yogurt group (control patient) and 84 volunteers in healthy control group receiving 250 g of commercial probiotic/plain yogurt daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, a lactulose/mannitol ratio (LMR) test was used to assess intestinal permeability. Results: The mean age of participants in the study was 37. 7 years and the mean body mass index in all subjects was 24. 17 ± 2. 65 kg/ m2. There was no significant difference in the LMR of the intervention group and control patient group at the beginning of the study (P=0. 08) However, at the end of the period, this ratio decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control patient group (P=0. 023). Importantly, this indicator in the healthy control group in comparison with intervention group was significantly lower at the beginning and at the end of the study. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that probiotics consumption via diet such as its use in dairy products such as yogurt can be a good way to improve gastrointestinal damage, including improving the permeability of the intestine and prevent or repair mucosal damage.

Introduction: One of the most common findings in prenatal evaluation is congenital hydronephrosis. The correct diagnosis is of great value. This study was conducted to find the correlation between Anteroposterior Renal Pelvic Diameter (APD), which is detected by postnatal ultrasonography, and Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) in neonates and infants with congenital hydronephrosis. Therefore, this study was accompolish to determine whether invasive imaging such as voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) can be avoided especially in mild hydronephrosis. This imaging causes concern and anxiety for parents because of insertion of urinary catheter and radiation exposure of patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, neonates or infants with postnatally confirmed congenital hydronephrosis, referred to nephrology clinic during 2016-2018, were included. They were examined by ultrasonography, and their APD was measured. Infants with hydronephrosis persisting after birth underwent VCUG. Results: Out of 122 cases, 99 cases (81. 1%) were male. Thirty-four cases with VUR (28 male) were detected. Mean APD in patients with VUR and without VUR was 19. 51± 12. 50 and 12. 15± 5. 68 respectively, which showed a significant difference between two groups (P value of 0. 012). No correlation between grade of VUR and APD was found (P = 0. 301). In addition, ROC curve showed that APD could be an acceptable variable for predicting VUR in male cases (AUC: 0. 738 and P = 0. 003). The best cut-of-point for APD predicting VUR in male cases was 10. 5 mm (sensitivity: 76. 8% and specificity: 52. 9%). Conclusion: Postnatal APD in ultrasonography has a significant correlation with the presence of the VUR in male cases.

Introduction:Apoptosis is protective cellular process the plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of natural tissue as well as disease-causing factors,Current study was accomplished in order to determine the effect of progressive aerobic training with injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells Bax (as an apoptotic protein) and Bcl-2 (as an anti-apoptotic protein) and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 of beta-pancreatic cells in diabetic rats with streptozotocin,Materials and Methods:48 rat’s adult rats were divided into 6 groups:control,sham,diabetes,exercise,stem cell and exercise +stem cell,Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer,with pH = 4,5,The exercise protocol was treadmill running for 5 days per week with intensity of 6070% VO2max for 6 weeks,In the stem cell group,5 ml PBS with 1,5 ×10 6 stem cells extracted from human adipose tissue of diabetic rats was injected into the tail vein,Levels of Bax and Bcl2 of beta pancreatic cells were measured by laboratory kit, Results:The findings showed that the levels of Bax and Bcl-2 significanly increased and decreased in the diabetic grop than the control group,respectively (P< 0,000),Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also increased in the diabetic group than the control group,The diabetic groups treated with exercise,stem cells,and both exhibited signifiacly lower Bax and higher Bcl-2 levels than the diabetic group alone,Moreover,in these groups Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was sigficanly lower than the diabetic group alone, Conclusion:It seems that exercise,stem-cell therapy and the combined treatement could prevent β-cell apoptosis,

Introduction: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure that integrated anxiety information. It is suggested that baso-lateral area of amygdala receives a dense norepinephrine innervation from the locus coeruleus nucleus. Furthermore, stress increased norepinephrine secretion in the BLA. In the present study, we examined the effects of the stimulation of β 2-adrenoceptors in the BLA on anxiety-like behaviors following foot-shock stress. Materials and Methods: Foot-shock stress (10 Hz, 40 mV for 60 seconds) for 4 consecutive days applied to animals. Salbutamol (the β 2-adrenoreceptor agonist; 4 µ g/rat) bilaterally injected into the BLA 5 min before starting foot-shock stress for 4 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behaviors assessed 24h after the last session of stress, using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). Results: Foot-shock stress significantly decreased time spent and the number of entries into the open arms of EPM. Similarly, stress significantly decreased the time spent and the number of entries into the center area of OFT. Furthermore, foot-shock stress significantly decreased the number of grooming and rearing behaviors. Additionally, intra-BLA infusions of salbutamol before stress significantly increased time spent and the number of entries into the open arms as compared with stress group. In addition, OFT results showed that salbutamol increased the time spent in the center, number of center entries, the number of rearing and grooming behaviors, line crossing and total distance as compared with the stress group. Conclusion: It is likely that β 2-adrenoceptors of the BLA mediate the induced-anxiety-behaviors by foot-shock stress.

Introduction: Seizure is synchronous and abnormal brain neuronal activity that leads to activation of different receptors capable of enhancing or suppressing seizure activity such as orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) and/or endocannabinoid receptor 1(CBR1). The time of activation for the receptors may influence seizure control. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the latency for and the change of the expression of OXR1 or CBR1 following seizures in three pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), and Pilocarpine seizure models. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were allocated in the three PTZ, KA, and Pilocarpine groups. Seizure intensity was calculated upon latencies to seizures (from injection to seizure; latency 1 and from seizure to tonic-clonic; latency 2) and seizure duration. OXR1 and CBR1 gene expressions were evaluated using RT-PCR and the results were compared with the control group (without seizure induction). Results: Our study showed that latency 1 and 2 significantly increased in the KA and Pilocarpine models compared with PTZ, while the seizure duration reduced. Relatively, the expression of OXR1, four hours, and CBR1, instantly and four hours following the PTZ application was augmented. The expression of OXR1 and CBR1, one week following KA perfusion was enhanced, while the increase in the receptor expressions was demonstrated 28 days after Pilocarpine injection. Conclusion: Results of the study demonstrated that the shorter the latency of seizures in a model and longer the seizure durations, the increase in the OXR1 and CBR1 may be hastened.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined pathologically as cardiac muscle cell death due to abnormal blood flow, prolonged coronary artery ischemia, and replacement of cardiac tissue necrosis as a dense fibrotic lesion. Expression of collagen-1 protein levels and fibrosis increase after myocardial infarction in cardiac tissue. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training in tissue levels of collagen-1 and fibrosis in male rats with MI. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (weight: 270± 25gr) were randomly divided into three groups (n =10 each): Healthy control (sham), MI (control), and MI (trained). Correspondingly, in order to induce MI, the rats underwent left-anterior descending-coronary-artery coronary artery bypass grafting and then MI was confirmed by echocardiography. The rats performed the exercise protocols for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. At the end of intervention, the rats were sacrificed and the data were analyzed (P≤ 0. 05). Results: The expression of levels of collagen-1 and fibrosis in cardiac tissue of rats with MI was significantly lower than control group (P≤ 0. 001). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval exercises can prevent the negative effects of scar and fibrosis by attenuating the expression of tissue levels of collagen-1 and fibrosis in the cardiac tissue of rats with myocardial infarction, which is an important mechanism for cardiac function and prevention of heart damage.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain that results from damage to the central and peripheral nerves. According to the previous studies, physical activity or progesterone can be an effective treatment for alleviating sensory neuropathic pain individually. In this way, the combined effect of chronic progesterone and forced exercise on behavioral pain responses in the neuropathic pain model of chronic constriction injury in rats was considered. Materials and Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were used in 8 groups (n=10). First, neuropathic pain was induced by CCI in the respective groups. For the treatment of neuropathic pain, animals in the groups received progesterone (6 mg/kg) started 12 days after the operation until day 26. In exercise groups, the exercise started 12 days after surgery until day 33. Behavioral tests were performed on days 12 and 33. Results: Interestingly, we found that CCI-induced neuropathy could produce thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in experimental groups on day 12 before exercise and progesterone therapy. After the stabilization of neuropathic pain, co-administration of progesterone (6 mg/kg) for 14 days and moderate intensity exercise for 3 weeks in the respective group could alleviate neuropathic pain compared with the CCI and each of treated groups individually. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that co-administration of chronic progesterone and forced exercise after the stabilization of neuropathic pain may alleviate neuropathic pain.

Introduction: Annually, a large part of the world population is infected with trichomoniasis. On the other hand, the common medicines used to treat this disease can have many side effects. The aim of the present study was to construct a liposomal system containing essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi and investigate its physicochemical properties to combat trichomoniasis infection. Materials and Methods: Liposomal vesicles were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method. In addition, the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi was loaded into liposomes and the encapsulation efficiency of essential oil was calculated. Then, the size, surface charge and particle morphology of this system were investigated using Zeta Sizer and Atomic Force Microscopy and pattern of essential oil release was evaluated at 35 oC and pH = 6 for 24 h. Results: Liposomal vesicles containing essential oil had a size of 110. 1 nm, 40. 12± 2. 71% essential oil loading, and zeta potential of-9 mV. The liposomal system is controlled release and releases all essential oils within 24 hours. Atomic force microscopy also confirmed the formation of liposomes and appropriate particle morphology. Conclusion: In the present study, the liposomal system containing the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi had a relatively high loading percentage and surface charge verification confirmed that the nano-carrier is anionic. Thus, given the slow and complete release of the essential oil within 24 hours, this liposomal nano-carrier can be a suitable carrier for delivering the essential oil to Trichomoniasis parasite.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of death from cancer. Given that existing treatments for it, but the high cost and side effects, have not demonstrated full efficacy and rely on traditional medicine and medicinal plants due to the antioxidant activity of Provskia abrotanoides, this study was performed to investigate the effects of the plant extract in improving gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In this exprimantal study, Perovskia abrotanoides, collected and after certified specialists from the Center for Applied Science of Jahad Keshavarzi in Semnan, was extracted dry. Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line MKN 45 was bought from the toxicity of herbal medicine on cancer cells MKN45 were investigated by using the test MTT (dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). The antioxidant properties of the hydroalcoholic extracts were evaluated by two in vitro tests, DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power (FRAP). Wound healing and morphological modification were performed in vitro to examine migration and adhesion in the gastric cancer cell line by invert microscopy. Results: The results showed that with increasing concentration of the extract of Perovskia abrotanoides, with a significant relationship, the percentage of remaining living cells of MKN45, had fallen (P˂ 0. 001). At all concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 micrograms per ml of extract, with a significant correlation was equal with the antioxidant properties of 10 micrograms per ml vitamin C (P˂ 0. 001). The the hydroalcoholic extracts showed considerable cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines (IC50 = 10 μ g・ mL− 1). It was found that the proliferation rate of MKN-45 cells decreased after treatment with the extracts in a dosedependent way. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Perovskia abrotanoides extract had high cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cells (MKN45); and the percentage of lethality, with the passage of time and with increased concentration had risen.