JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (THE ECONOMIC RESEARCH)
Year:2002 | Volume:3 | Issue:7-8|Papers Count:7

One of the methods for studying the relation between economic growth and international trade is considering the effects of tariff on economic growth. The neo-classic economists believe that free trade not only has wonderful benefits for every country but for all in the world, therefore, they are seeking for laterally and multi-conceptual removal of trade restrictions and advise on the contrary the countries with taking into consideration of specialization to do their best in production and international division of labor with little interference of government in international trade. They confirm that all trade distortions out of governmental economic policies may deviate the economic growth rate and per capita income in a long-term process of transitional period from its main path. In this paper and in order to show the effects of tariffs on economic growth, at first we maximize the household utility function in a neoclassic model. The period of our study is from 1961 up to 1998 lunar. The effects of tariff on economic growth have been considered in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, we assume that exogenous technological progress rate is equal to 2% and depreciation rate is equal to 10%. In the second scenario, the exogenous technological progress rate is 2% and depreciation rate is 5%. Both The results of both confirm that any trade restrictions may results in a reduction in economic growth rate. In this manner, the effect of tariff rate on economic growth in post- revolution period in comparison with prerevolution one has decreased due to the result of reduction in degree of openness and reduction of population growth rate. On the other hand, any lower depreciation rate may have a negative effect on economic growth. Therefore, we conclude that trade, free from any limitations, may pave the way for economic growth and reveal its positive effect on it.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the level and distribution of households" human capital in East Azerbaijan Province. Using the combined Dagum approach and the latent variable techniques, the paper estimates the effects of social and economic variables on human capital in that province. The empirical results show that the biggest and the smallest significant effects on households" human capital correspond respectively to the gender and human development rank. The paper also shows that the 37 and 38 year-old individuals have the highest level of human capital in the province.

ganization) is a hot-debated topic among policy-makers, businessmen and academicians. It will be torn between the allure of better access to foreign markets and the fear of new competition in existing markets. So some questions arise such as following: will we be able to compete? What are our competitive strengths and weaknesses? How much our performance improves and to what extent? What is the impact of current government policies? What will be the result of policy reforms? What constructive role remains for government? It is therefore surprising that the numerous lessons from economic theory contains in these regards have not been harnessed to respond to these controversial questions. So, this paper presents a method which draws on economic theory to measure cost competitiveness and its sources at the firm and industry levels. The concept of competitiveness that we use in the present study is one of cost competitiveness as measured by unit cost ratio. In other words, a firm or an industry is deemed to be competitive if its unit costs are inferior or equal to the unit costs of its domestic or international rivals and before or after joining to WTO. Also this study focuses on the sources of competitive advantage. Two types of sources are distinguished: first the real sources of competitiveness such as factor productivity and factor abundance, which give pave to comparative advantage, and second, various price distortions of products and factors of productions, which may either enhance or diminish competitiveness. To do so we measure and analyze the cost competitiveness of “Mobarake Steel Complex”. We will measure the cost competitiveness of this company in whole level in first step and for every product in the second step.

According to the previous investigation on effects of exchange rate on agricultural products exporting supply, it was seen that real exchange rate misalignment has been a negative effect. Also it was seen that reduction of controls on foreign trade has caused the growth of this sector. Regarding this matter that pistachio is the most important agricultural exporting product of Iran and this country has obtained the first rank on producing and exporting of this product, it seems necessary to take any action that could protect the position of Iran. In this study we calculate some indexes to show the effects of commercial and exchange policies on production and export of Iranian pistachio and the structure of pistachio global market and the relations between variables are tested through Johanson cointegration test and Granger causality test. Results indicated that the more shift the exchange rate to the it’s equilibrium amount, the more decrease the controls on the trade of this product and the more shift the global market structure to monopoly market and Iran can act such as a monopoly firm.

Wheat, as a major grain, is considered as a significant product in household consumption. Study of the wheat price patterns in the world market is of paramount importance, both for exporters and importers of this product. Seasonality of harvest is a genuine phenomenon affecting. the market for agricul tural products. Wheat Market is no exception, as far as seasonality is concerned. This paper is intended to study the various aspects of seasonality in the world wheat Market. Initially the phenomenon of seasonality is introduced, and its impact on the market is monitored and the nature of its interaction with major factors of the market is analysed. Subsequently, a Review of economic literature is presented which includes methods of econometric modeling of this phenomenon. An autoregressive model is presented using the monthly data of 21 years for Nine different varieties of wheat exported from five major producers, namely Argentina, Australia, Canada, European Union, and The United States. Findings of the study in this model indicate the existence of the seasonality pattern in wheat prices and reveal the significance of it in the market clearance procedure through the time. A (Q– Statistics) test reveals the non- stationary nature of data, which is in accord with theoretical findings of the study.

Often “Moral hazard” is quoted as an impact of insurance on insured. It has been observed that the households, which have fire insurance, have been subjected to more firing; or cars, which have theft insurance, are being stolen more. Such indications express the fact that people after getting insurance for their properties, pay less attention to their insured property. For this reason, the cost of insurance companies has been risen sharply. To solve this problem, insurance companies are thinking about measures such as coinsurance and deductible. However in order to optimize one insurance contract, symmetric and asymmetric information is required. In the case of symmetric information, insurance contract which maximizes insurance company’s profit is of “full insurance” and it has pareto efficiency. But in case of asymmetric information, the insurance company must provide “full insurance” with low-level effort by insured for maximizing profit. This insurance contract is optimal although it doesn’t have pareto efficiency.

Market is one of the main institutions of the Islamic economic system. Limited collusion, limited profit, nonexistence of monopoly and monopsony and being moral can be mentioned as characteristics of Islamic market. According to these characteristics, moral and government are two main and effective factors for market control. Moral and faith cause the supply of and demand for goods and services to be in agreement with the public interests. Government makes control and intervenes, if necessary, in the market in order to support the natural and equilibrium prices not to be unfair, but to be in agreement with the public interests. The history of Muslims shows that Islamic governments pay attention to the market mechanism and price system.