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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    223
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Most of our clinical decisions at hospitals or private practice, regarding the best available treatment or best diagnosis tests is not supported by the scientific evidence. Our available sources in clinical decision making are unreliable and contraindicated. Under such circumstances, we need take responsibility in our clinical judgement. These make us to equip with an ability to appraise scientific evidence. Evidence-Based practice as a new paradigm in medical sciences has made this possible. The aim of this review is to introduce some tools regarding how to appraise the scientific evidence in treatment effectiveness. A check list to improve time consuming procedure is suggested.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1380
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    61-66
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    544
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

کمبود ید و اختلالات ناشی از آن طی قرنها یکی از شایعترین بیماریها در نقاط مختلف دنیا بوده است. گواتر به عنوان مشخص ترین نشانه کمبود ید در بسیاری از نقاط ایران به صورت آندمیک و هیپرآندمیک وجود دارد. برنامه کنترل و پیشگیری از بروز این اختلالات از جمله تولید و توزیع نمک یددار از سال 1378 به مرحله اجراء درآمده است. به منظور پایش برنامه کشوری مبارزه با کمبود ید در سال 1375 این بررسی در دانش آموزان 8 تا 10 ساله استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام شد. طی یک بررسی توصیفی ـ مقطعی از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی تعداد 2500 دانش آموز (به تعداد مساوی دختر و پسر) از نظر شیوع گواتر از طریق معاینه بالینی، سنجش TSH, T4, T3 سرم به روش رادیوایمنواسی و جذب (T3RU) T3 و نمونه ادرار برای اندازه گیری ید ادرار به روش هضم مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. میانگین TSH, T4, T3 سرم بترتیب: 2.0±1.8 μIu/ml, 172±60 ng/dl, 9.0±5μg/dl بود. تفاوتی بین آنها در دو جنس و بین دانش آموزان شهری و روستایی وجود نداشت. 2 نفر T4 بالاتر از 12.5μg/dl داشتند. TSH بالاتر از 5 μIu/ml در 5 نفر مشاهده شد. میانه دفع ادراری ید در جمعیت مورد مطالعه 23 μg/dl بوده که در 90%  موارد بیشتر از 10 μg/dl بود. ید ادرار کمتر از 5 μg/dl در 4% موارد وجود داشت. درصد کلی گواتر در استان 23% بوده که بترتیب در دختران و پسران 24% و 23% بود. یافته های این بررسی نشان می دهد که 7 سال پس از شروع ید رسانی و 2 سال پس از آنکه بیش از نیمی از جمعیت استان از نمک یددار استفاده کرده اند، ید ادرار در گروه سنی 8 تا 10 ساله استان سیستان و بلوچستان به حد مطلوب سازمان بهداشت جهانی رسیده است. اما با توجه به اینکه هنوز 23% از جمعیت مورد مطالعه مبتلا به گواتر هستند، این استان از نظر گواتر در سال 1375 آندمیک محسوب می شود.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

BEHDAD A. | TOUHIDI S.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2480
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The aim of this study is detennination of average length of small bowel in patients who undelwent laparotomy in hfahan teaching hospitals, and its relation to sex and height of patients. Small bowel length was measured on antimesentenic side with umbilical tape without any tension from treitz ligament down tu ileocecal valve in alllaparotomizedpatients just afier opening of abdominal cavity and before any manipulation of bowel. The average length of small bowel was 459.6 ± 78.4overally, 456.2 in males and 468.2 in females. There was not any statisticaland meaningful relationbetween length of small bowel, sex and height of patients. The maximum and ,ninimum length of small bowel was 620 and 285 respectively in tvo females. The average length in our study is near to some recent studies and different with another studies and lesser than reference texl-books measures. Although this difference is not " unpredictable due to environmental factors, methods of measurement, and material of study (cadaver or alive patients).

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1490
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

New Page 1 This study was been cunducted to defining the most effective Anti glaucoma drng in controlling lOP a}ler ECCG+PC IOL. One hunderd patients who under gone ECC+PC IOL surgery  with GA were divided into 4 case groups (TimoloL, Derzolamide, Pilocarpine 2% and oral Acetazolamide) and one control Group. Then lOP was checked pre-op and 3-5,8 and 24 hours after operation with appLanation tonometer. In lOP was compared with control and base line. lOP was 30 mmHg in 4%, of cases (one case in control group 24 after surgery  and one case in piLocarpine 2% group.8h after  opration). The least lOP 3-5 houre was seen in Derzolamide group (12±2.6 mmhg,P=O) The highest lOP was seen in pilocarpin group 8 hours after surgery in 8 and 24 h after surgery. TimoloL was the most effective drug on post -op lOP (14.2 ±3 mmHg & 1l.3±2.8 mmHg respectively) We found a significant early lOP reduction with Tiomolol, dorozolamid and oral Acatazolamide but TimoLol and dorazolamide were more effective . Pilocmpine 2% was Not-effective.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1183
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

New Page 1 Stereologic methods are used to obtain quantitative infonnation about three dimensional structures from histologic sections. The aim of present study was using new and unbiased stereological techniques to investigate changes in volume and number of glomentli after chronic lead acetate intoxication. Lead is one of the heavy metals that have adverse effects on renal  function. Its effects can involve both renal tubules as well as glomeruli. So many studies based on observation and qualitative reports. Some of which, report changes in volume and nwnber of glomeruli. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups (n=9) . During a period of 8 weeks, to treatment groups were given 0.5% and I% lead acetate in drinking water and the control and sham control were given distilled water and 0.4% acetic acid solution respectively. Srereological analysis based on Cavalieries principle was perfomred to determine the reference volume (V reference)the fraction volume of glomeruli (V VGlom) and total glomerular volume (V Tglom)Furthermore, for estimating the numerical density (N VGlom) and total number of glomeruli (NTGlom), the physical dissector was utilized. Results showed that the number of glomeruli in treatment group which recieved 1% lead acetete in drinking water decreased significantly (P<0.05) , but no changes occuned in 0.5% group (P>0.05) . On the other hand glomelular total volume in both 0.5% and I% group increased significantly in comparison to control and sham control groups (P<0.000l). This experiment is in agreement with other qualitative reports by using unbiased stereological methods and showed changes in volume and number of glomeruli  following lead acetate intoxication.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1186
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

New Page 1 For many years, aluminium - containing antacids have been used. According to basic role of calcium in gastric acid secretion, and inhibitory effect of aluminium on voltage - dependent calcium channels, this study were designed. Vagal stimulation was used for gastric acid induction in this experment. For this purpose, after anesthesia (nesdonal, 60 mg/kg) and gastric cannulation, cervical vagotomy was perorrned in rats. Also, heart rate was recorded before and after vagotomy. After bilateral vagotomy, pelipheral end of vagusnerves (left or right) stimulated with 12V, 4Hz and 1 msec width current for 15 min. Gastric secretory response to right or left vagal stimulation do not different significantly. Gastric-acid output was measured with wash out method in 15-min intervals during stimulation period until return to basal acid level.Aluminium (10 or 50 pg/kg) injected from tail vein, 2 min before second time of .stimulation,and acid output was measured in a same time. Statisical analysis was peiforrned by paired t-test. In first group (10 µg/kg AI,n =8) vagal stimulation increased acid output significantly (from 3.5 ± 0.12 to 35.2 ± 2.3 µmol/15min, P<0.000l )and aluminium injection has no significant effect. In second group (50 µg/kgAI, n=8) gastric acid secretion was inhibited with aluminium significantly (P<0.00l ). Therefore, it seems that inhibitory effect of aluminium on acid secretion is dose-dependent. In addition to buffering of aluminium,it has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in rat.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1974
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In order to identify major Inicrobial agems that causing nosocomial infections and also detection of drug resistancy to current antibiotics, a cross-sectional study was canied out in two ho.\pitals of medical Sciences University of Hamadan .In this study 620 samples were collected from facilities, devices and differentparts of intensive care units (ICU) and coronarycare units (CCU) for one year. The samples were also collected from wards air,wards floor, walls,kitchen sink, sewage,hospital beds, staffs clothes, gawns, staffs hand.s, suction device, incubator, oxygen mask, ambo bag mask, thermometer manometer, ventilator, vaso-catheters, stethoscope diaphragm, gavage liquid and electrodes of ECG. The samples were cultured on E.M.B and Blood agar by sterile wet cotten swabs. A . smear was also prepared for gram staining. After detection of microbial agents, antibiogram were performed for strains by agar disk diffusion method. The mean of frequency of contamination was 32.7% in two hospitals. The distribiution (4 gram negative bacteria was 42.3% and gram positive bacteria was also 57.7%. The rate of contamination in ICU was 31.5% and in CCU was 33.9% respectively.The most impurtant bacteria were: Micrococci species Staph aureus and epidemidis, E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas ,diphtheroieds and Entrecocci. The most drug resistancy were observed in Staphylococci, Micrococci, klebsiella, Enterococci and Pseudumonas aeroginosa. There was high resistancy to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfametoxazol and penicillin.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2001
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1308
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

New Page 1 Abnormalities caused by alcohol are very extensive and are called fetal alcoholic syndrome(FAS).There are some hypotheses about alcohol and pathological mechanisms of its effect.Based on one of the recent hypotheses,alcohol consumption can change matemal and fetal prostaglandin levels.On the other hand a strongprostaglandin inhibitor is Aspirin.Investigations which has done on mouse that received alcohol and aspirin together,showed decrease in limbs length and kidney abnormalities in their offsprings.Others showed that Aspirin had no inhibition on alcohol adverse effects.The aim of present study is to determine the effects of administration of alcohol and Aspirin together.135 males and females ( 1 male versus 3 female) chose randomly divided in 5 groups. Afier vaginal plaque observation in 8th day of gestation, controls received nothing while other groups received suitable volumes of physiological serum, alcohol, Aspirin, and a combination of alcohol and Aspirin respectively by intraperitoneal injection. In 18th day of gestation, animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Embryos were collected, gross skeletal .system abnormalities were studied. There after staining was done by Alizarin Red and Alcian blue and ossification centers were counted in each group. Results showed that there are lower height and weight, and more skeletal .system abnonnalities in group that received a combination of alcohol and Aspirin compared with the group that received alcohol alone. Thus administration of Aspirin with alcohol does not decrease frequency of skeletal abnormalities and probably there must be other factors, except prostaglandin, involved in skeletal .system a bnormalities.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1380
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    111-122
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    802
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

بسیاری از تصمیم گیریها در مورد ارائه بهترین درمان و تستهای تشخیصی در بیمارستانها و کلینیکها براساس شواهد علمی روز گرفته نمی شود. در عین حال، منابع موجود جهت تصمیم گیریهای کلینیکی قابل اعتماد نبوده و یا در بسیاری از موارد توسط متخصصین مختلف مورد تناقض می باشد. در چنین محیطی مسئولیت قضاوت کلینیکی متخصصین بر عهده خود آنان می باشد. وجود انحراف (Bias) در بسیاری از تحقیقات دارا بودن توانائیهای فراتر از جستجوی تنها در بانکهای اطلاعاتی را برای درمانگرها اجتناب ناپذیر کرده است. درمانگرها باید مجهز به دانش تجزیه و تحلیل تحقیقات علمی شوند. این دانش توسط پارادایمی جدید در علوم پزشکی تحت عنوان Evidence-Based Practice امکان پذیر گشته است. حجم وسیع مقالات چاپ شده در زمینه علوم پزشکی دسترسی و قضاوت در مورد بهترین اطلاعات را غیر ممکن ساخته است. بکارگیری Check list می تواند فرد را در جهت انجام سریع و سیستماتیک و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات کمک کند. هدف این مقاله نشان دادن راهکارهایی سیستماتیک جهت ارزیابی تحقیقات علمی در زمینه مؤثر بودن درمان (Treatment efficiency) می باشد.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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