SPORT PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:28|Papers Count:16

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and the components of physical literacy including perception and knowledge, motivation, and physical competence. To this end, from among the entire student population of the education district One in Ahvaz, two schools with the largest number of students within the specified age range were selected. The entire sample was 220 participants The analysis of data using multiple regressions and Pearson correlation revealed that among the components of the physical literacy, motivation and physical competence bore no significant relationship with physical activity. On the other hand, theoretical knowledge was the only component accounting for a significant portion of variance in physical activity. Results imply that to increase female primary school students' physical activity, enhancing participants' knowledge of physical activity should be given as much attention as it is given to practical activities in physical education.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between social-contextual environments, motivation, enjoyment and satisfaction of students in physical education class, based on self-determination theory. A descriptive correlation design was employed. Participants were 393 university students (193 female & 200 male) who were joining general physical education in first semester 2015; these were selected by cluster random sampling method. Participants completed a series of questionnaires which assess autonomy-supportive and controlling environment, motivational orientation, enjoyment of physical education activities, and satisfaction of physical education class. The result of correlation and path analysis, showed that the autonomy-supportive environment doesn't predict the autonomous motivation, whereas directly predicts enjoyment and satisfaction in physical education class. Moreover, controlling environment significantly and negatively predicts enjoyment and satisfaction via the mediatory role of autonomous motivation.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of different timing of PETTLEP imagery with intervention of sleep mediation on acquisition and retention of dart throw task in male students. The participants of the present research were sixty males who were studying in sport sciences. Their mental imagery scores were 45-55 and had no experience of throwing darts. The participants were selected at random and divided into four groups, namely, PETTLEP preliminary, control, 4-hours and 12-hours groups, with an interval of 4 hours (including a 90-minutes nap) and 12 hours (including an 8-hours sleep), respectively. Pre-test Measurements were also carried out at the second, fourth and sixth weeks of the training. Mental imagery training was done in 3 sessions per week during 6 weeks; then, a retention test was given. The results of this study which showed a significant difference between the 12-hour group and the other groups are consistent with the memory consolidation theory. Because of the different senses used in the PETTLEP imagery, it is suggested that the PETTLEP imagery be used in motor skills teaching and learning. Also, the time before bed is recommended for imagery.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of traditional methods and sport education method of volleyball training on the knowledge and enthusiasm of male students which has been done in a semi-experimental way. 36 students were selected and divided into two groups of 18 to learn volleyball. They were trained for twelve sessions. A 25-item enthusiasm questionnaire and a 20-item general and professional knowledge questionnaire of volleyball in pre and post stages were used to collect the data. The results showed that sport education method increased the knowledge and enthusiasm of the students significantly in comparison to the traditional method in learning volleyball skills due to the active participation of students in programming, decision making and performing in sport education method.

This research was intended to study the psychometric specifications of Persian version of the questionnaire (hyper perspective) in the coach-athlete relationship. The statistical society consisted of all the male and female athletes who were present in the national team camp, and 217 athletes were selected via random (targeted) sampling method. The measurement method exploited was the coach-athlete relationship questionnaire (Meta-Perspective) which included 14 questions and 4 subscales. In order to test the hypotheses of the study, to determine justifiability and calculate credit factors (the statistical models of Confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis), to calculate the internal congruence (Cronbach’ s alpha method and halving the experiment), to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire (the test-retest method) and to provide quantitative norm (mean, standard deviation, qualitative norm and quarter deviation based section points) were exploited to show that the questionnaire possesses justifiability, validity and norm. Using the statistical model of Pearson correlation coefficients determines the entire credit factors above 0. 64 in the athletes and the questionnaire is of high criterion validity (simultaneous). Eventually, besides confirmation and standardization of the questionnaire, four factors (closeness, commitment, complementarity, satisfaction) were extracted. To provide the supplementary results, patterning of the structural equations was exploited and the observation was that the current questionnaire includes fitness and finally the model based on these four factors extracted from the study was obtained.

This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of yoga education on sense of coherence, self-resilience and cognitive flexibility in women. This study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population included all enrollment applicant women of yoga center in spring semester. Totally, 30 women were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received yoga education for 2 months. Both groups completed the questionnaires of sense of coherence, self-resilience and cognitive flexibility. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance. Finding showed there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all three variables. In the other words, yoga education significantly led to increase the sense of coherence, selfresilience and cognitive flexibility of women (P<0/001). Counselors, clinical psychologists and therapists can be used from yoga education to improve psychological characteristics including sense of coherence, self-resilience and cognitive flexibility of women.

The present study aimed at investigating preferences and barriers of physical addicts from their own perspectives. 175 male activity among drug participants, selected from addiction treatment centers, completed the preferences and barriers of physical activity and nicotine dependence (M= 5. 33), lack of time questionnaires. Results depicted that lack of energy (M= 5. 10) and lack of physical strength (M= 5. 07) were the three top preferences of addicts’ perception of physical activity barriers. In addition, addicts preferred doing physical activities at morning (64%), in home (46. 3%) or in public gym venues (45. 7%), with moderate (47. 4%) or high (40%) intensity and at own their own discretion (68. 5%). Walking (60%), swimming (45%) and doing exercises through watching TV programs (37%) received the foremost interest on the part of participants. Moreover, results of Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences among physical activity barriers, so that lack of energy had significant differences with social effects, lack of skills, lack of resources and fear of injury, and its score was higher than all other variables. The score of lack of time was significantly higher than that of lack of resources and fear of injury. Also, lack of physical strength, social effects, lack of resources, and lack of skills obtained scores significantly higher than that of fear of injury. Using some medications for treatment may have resulted in decreasing participants’ energy for doing physical activities.

Muscle dysmorphia or bigorexia is an obsession with this believe that body is not sufficiently muscular. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of muscle dysmorphic disorder and its relationship with psychophysiological components among male athletes referring to bodybuilding gyms in Kermanshah. The statistical population of study was all male athletes in bodybuilding gyms of Kermanshah, that among them 373 were selected based on cluster random sampling. Data were gathered by demographic questionnaires, Rosenberg self-esteem, eating attitudes test, multidimensional perfectionism scale, muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory, muscular appearance satisfaction, and body mass index. Results showed that the prevalence of muscle dysmorphic disorder among male bodybuilding athletes in Kermanshah was 25%, and the relationship between muscle dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem was significant and reversed, with eating disorders and body mass index was significant and direct, and without correlation with perfectionism.

Body image is a multi-dimensional structure. It includes the perceptual, attitudinal, behavioral, and community feedback of the individual's body. This study examined the relationship of women’ s body image concern with perceived body and exercise intention. The sample consisted of 384 women in Khorasan, Semnan and Alborz provinces. To measure the variables, Body Image Concerns Inventory, Stages of Exercise Behavior Changes Scale(SEBC), Exercise Intention Scale, a silhouette of body figures) and Body Mass Index were used. Findings showed that body image concern and perceived body plays a major role in determining the women’ s SEBC. Exercise intention and appearance dissatisfaction were also different in SEBC. Concern of body image and wrong perceived body are likely to be effective in the lack of exercise or inappropriate exercise behavior. Accordingly helping to create a rational perception of the body can provide more rational strategies for women's health and fitness programs.

The present study investigated the effects of physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety on performance accuracy and kinematic features of gun in expert and novice groups. The physiological arousal was recorded with skin conductance response. Performance accuracy and kinematic features of gun such as total movement time, peak velocity, displacement in horizontal and vertical axis were measured by using mixed variance analysis test with repeated measures design. Increased physiological arousal and anxiety showed induced pressure conditions. More increase in the physiological arousal in novice group led to an increase in the peak velocity and the displacement in the vertical axis of the gun and a reduction of the performance accuracy. However, the performance of the expert group increased with decreased displacement in two axes under pressure conditions. The findings support the prediction of the catastrophe model, which conceptualized based on the relationship of motor performance with physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived organizational support for students on sport burnout due to the mediating role of psychological capital in them. The research method was descriptive correlation, which was done by structural equation method. The statistical population of the study were 261 students, all of whom were high school students in the physical education center of Alborz province that had been selected by a preliminary study. Data were collected by psychological capital questionnaires, sport burnout and perceived organizational support. The validity of the tools used for gathering data were confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. Statistical analysis was performed using two methods descriptive and inferential. The results showed that perceived organizational support, either directly or indirectly, through psychological capital, had a negative effect on sport deprivation. Therefore, teachers and sport trainers and parents of the students can act as an important factor in preventing students' sport burnout.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the tendency towards fashion among professional athletes. The present study was a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included all knowledgeable and experienced people in the field of modelism and athletic behaviorism. These individuals included some university professors, national team and sports clubs coaches, and experienced athletes from national teams and clubs in Iran. The questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect data. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the tendency towards fashion among professional athletes were divided into four levels. Regarding the results of this study, cultural and personal factors are the key factors in the formation of modelism.

The present study was designed and implemented to evaluate the effects of sport violence in Iranian research. In order to carry out the present metaanalysis, 13 related studies were conducted in the years 2000-2018 with the aim of evaluating the factors affecting sport violence and were published in valid internal journals. Selected research has been conducted in survey societies in different statistical societies and in terms of permanent measurements. In the first step, the evaluation of selected studies, homogeneous assumptions and dissemination errors was examined, which revealed that the results were heterogeneous and did not bias the published studies. The results of the research show that team support, family conflict, peer group, police control, criminal record, collective media function, social failure, socio-economic base, social monitoring, social-team cohesion, religious beliefs and ethnic subculture. Size of effect have a significant impact on violence.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of attitude towards agonistic sport on the amount of information about doping and the desire to doping athletes of national teams. This descriptive-correlative research was conducted in the form of field experiment. The statistical population of the present study included all athletes of national teams. The data collection was done using a questionnaire. The results of the present study showed that attitude towards agonistic sport is not significantly influenced by the attitude of doping athletes of national teams, but it has a significant effect on the information of athletes of national teams about doping. The findings of the study revealed that improving information on doping would reduce the desire to dupe in athletes of national teams.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-control feedback on motor learning, balance confidence, and self-efficacy of elderly people in a balancing task. Twenty elderly (all women; Mage= 62. 7yr) using a convenience sampling method were selected and randomly divided into two groups of self-control and yoked feedback. The task consisted of standing on a platform of stabilometer and trying to keep the platform horizontally as much as possible, in every 30s trials. At the acquisition phase, ten 30s trials were performed, and 24 hours later, the retention test was completed as five 30s trials. After completing the 5th trials of the acquisition, the participants completed the balance confidence and self-efficacy questionnaire before the retention test. Data were analyzed by mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA. The results showed that self-control feedback improves the learning of balance and self-efficacy in the elderly.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Mental Hardiness on Happiness and Sport Performance among Futsal Player Female Students In the championship of Iran universities. The population of this study consisted all players of teams that participated in the Women Futsal Championships of Universities Across the country (168 people) that Method of sampling was the census. The data analyzed by method of Partial Least Square and Sobel test. Findings indicated that Mental Hardiness has a direct and significant impact on Happiness and Sport Performance. Also the Happiness has a positive and significant impact on Sport Performance. Finally, the results of studying the role of mediator variable showed that Mental Hardiness has an indirect and significant impact on Sport Performance through Happiness. According to the findings, suggested to the Student teams' officials and coaches, do not neglect the role of psychological skills in achieving the desired results and to improve their athletic performance by training and practicing these skills.