TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:4 (76)|Papers Count:8

Introduction: In recent decades, a significant increase has been observed in the average weight of people due to fast food consumption, which increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of fast food consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model among students the School of Public Health in Rafsanjan City. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 129 students from Rafsanjan School of Public Health were studied using the census method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire by self-report. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 20 and statistical tests of correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to the Prototype/Willingness Model, the mean and standard deviations of the attitude, positive perceptions, tendencies to fast food consumption, intention to not consume fast food, and negative mental norms about fast food consumption were 13. 76± 3. 61, 17± 4. 35, 7. 4 ± 1. 58, 6. 27± 4. 19, and 7± 3. 11, respectively. Considering the scores of the Prototype/Willingness Model, the attitude construct had the best score with 68. 8% of the total attainable score. Based on the results of the correlations, a significant positive correlation was found between the intention to avoid consuming fast food and negative subjective norms to fast food consumption. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the constructs of attitude, positive images, and willingness to fast food consumption. Linear regression analysis showed that all constructs of the studied model could predict 0. 40% of the variance in the intention to avoid consuming fast food. In this regard, the negative subjective norms to fast food consumption was strongest construct. Conclusion: Subjective norm is defined as one's important individuals' belief about performing a behavior. Thus, subjective norms changes in the negative direction towards consuming fast foods is effective based on the Prototype/Willingness Model.

Introduction: Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported globally. Today, strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food have become a problem in clinical infections and are considerde as a serious public health concern. Methods: A total of 100 samples were tested in the laboratory; including 75 handmade and 25 industrial hamburger samples. The Staphylococcus aureus samples were isolated and identified according to the National Iranian Standard No. 6806-3. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed. In this study, the antibiotics penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were used. Results: Of 100 analyzed hamburger samples, 39 samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (23 industrial and 16 handmade samples). All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the importance of Staphylococcus aureus, as the supergene antigen and its role in causing food poisoning, contamination of foodstuffs with Staphylococcus aureus can threaten the consumers' health.

Introduction: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been constructively considered in recent years to reform health sectors in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of Shiraz hospital managers on the implementation of public-private partnership model in providing hospital services. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Shiraz in 2016. Hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, private hospitals, charities and investors in the health sector were considered as the research population, that 56 people were selected as research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed applying descriptive and analytical tests such as t-test in SPSS21. Results: Of the 56 samples surveyed, 36 (64%) were from the public sector and 20 (36%) were from the non-public sector. Among the 6 areas considered for PPP implementation, capacity building areas (2. 53± 0. 53) and socio-cultural (2. 58± 0. 40) have the highest score and policy area than other areas (2. 18 ± 0. 48) had the lowest score. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of the participants in the public and non-public sectors, none of the six effective factors in implementing the PPP model in the development of hospital services in Shiraz is not favorable. Authorities and policymakers should increase the level of readiness of hospitals to implement this template by providing an appropriate platform for nongovernmental participation.

Introduction: Immigration is known as an effective factor in crime. The probable assumption is that immigration can also contribute to the spread of addiction. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of migration on the prevalence of addiction. Methods: The study population consisted of all drug addicts referring to well-being centers and addiction treatment camps. As a result, 384 addicts were selected by available sampling method and studied by a researcher-made questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: According to the results, the proportion of addicted migrants was more than the natives. We found that 47. 4% of the addicts were immigrants, while immigrants constitute 33% of the statistical population of Yazd City. In other words, in proportion to the population size, a larger percentage of immigrants are addicted than the natives. The population of drug addicts outside the province was almost twice the number of immigrants inside the Yazd province. In addition, about one-third of the drug addicts were immigrants outside the province. The immigrants' mean of addiction was between 23 and 25, while this rate was 22. 4 for the natives. Non-native addicts typically consume psychotropic pills and opium. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the amount of social control, social support, cultural attraction, marginalization between immigrants, and non-immigrants. Conclusion: Comparing immigrants with natives, immigrants had more tendency to addiction, drug distribution, and the history of quitting drugs. Social marginalization and lack of social control, social support, and cultural attraction among immigrants were effective in increasing their addiction rate.

Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients, as chronic patients, need lifelong self-management. Therefore, identification of the effective factors is helpful in strengthening the individuals' adherence and planning self-management in the post-transplant period. However, the empirical research on this area is limited. The purpose of this study was "Explaining self-management determinants in kidney transplant recipients according to the health belief model". Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The participants were included in the study by purposive and theoretical sampling methods until theoretical and classical saturations were achieved. The data were collected and analysed using 24 semistructured interviews by 19 participants (14 transplant recipients, 4 family members, and a patient with a history of transplant rejection). The MAXQDA10 software was used to organize and manage the data. Results. After analysing the data, 264 primary conceptual codes were extracted. The findings were reported in 20 sub-categories and in accordance with six categories of the health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to actions). Conclusion. The findings of this qualitative study provided a profound understanding over the experiences of kidney transplant recipients and their family members about self-management determinants. The findings confirmed the health belief model constructs and its application in predicting these patients' self-management. In addition, the findings can be a guide for health planners and policy makers to select the suitable interventions and strategies to improve the adherence to recipients' selfmanagement.

Introduction: Using cell phone has become an inseparable part of the life in the recent years. In spite of the useful usage of the cell phone, its constant over-use makes the field for people’ s addiction and harms. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the relation between the cell phone’ s scale and the way of use with the motivation of educational progress among the female students’ of the ninth grade of high schools in Yazd Township. Methods: The understudy model in this research was 288 persons who were chosen according to Krejci & Morgan tables. The Random-Cluster Testing model was multi-leveled that had been chosen randomly among the female high schools of Zone two. The means of use were cell-phone over-use scale (COS) Jenaro, et. al (2007), the questionnaire of cell-phone’ s usage type (Manteghi, 1389), Achievement Motivation Test (AMT) Hermens (1987). The Correlation Test of Pierson and Regression has been used to analyze the data. ResulthsThe result of data analysis showed that there is no relation between harmful usage of cell phone and achievement motivation (p>0. 05), a positive meaningful relation between the software use and the use of calendar and time with achievement motivation (p<0. 05). Conclusions: The result showed that the use of some of cell phone’ s options which are according to the present needs of learners can be effective greatly. Albeit the results shows the necessity of programmers and authorities’ attention to the growing spread of harmful usage of cell phone in the high schools.

Introduction: Empowerment has determinant role in developing the ability of individuals in order to achieve sustainable improvement in efficiency of the health care organizations. This study was carried out to identify the variables and effective self-efficacy components affecting the manager’ s empowerment in Health Care Networks during 2018-19. Methods: This is an applied and exploratory study. At first, the variables involving in the empowerment of human resources were extracted by reviewing the literature as well as interviewing with the specialists. Then, the conceptual model was designed, the questionnaire compiled and its validity and reliability confirmed. The data were collected through the completing of the questionnaire by 416 managers who were chosen via stratified random sampling method and analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the variable “ continuous training” with the factor loading of 0. 84 was found the most important variable. Concerning the standard coefficients of confirmatory factor analysis, variables of all the three components of self-efficacy were significant (p<0. 001) and the component “ Believe in responsibly ability and skill in work” (factor loading = 0. 96) had the higher effect on self-efficacy. The impact rate of self-efficacy in empowerment with 0. 96 and the variables “ having job skills” and "emotional arousal" with 0. 79 factor loading are considered as the most significant variables. Conclusion: The Universities of Medical Sciences and Health Care Networks can improve the ability of the managers through continuous training, promotion of professional skills, responsibility and presenting the successful models and experiences.

Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic disease that causes a great deal of harm to the individual, which is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, accounting for one eighth of all deaths. This disease is not treatable but it is manageable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors related to hypertension based on health belief model in Yazd. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 people over 30 years old in Yazd city. Sampling was done by cluster method. Subjects were included in the study according to the address of the headers. Questionnaires were completed by self-report and interview. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, awareness questions and health belief model. SPSS 15 software was used for data analysis. Statistical indices, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the results. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 44. 08 ± 11. 6 years. There was a significant relationship between demographic variables of age, gender, occupation, education, marital status and history of hypertension in relatives. Among the constructs of health belief model, only the perceived barriers showed a significant relationship with blood pressure (P <0. 01). Conclusion: Since there is a significant relationship between perceived barriers and hypertension, it is suggested that future interventions be designed to reduce perceived barriers (No need to change lifestyles, lack of time for physical activity, cost of regular blood pressure control, and no family accompanying diet changes) and blood pressure control.