Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2007 | Volume:8 | Issue:SUPPLEMENT (29)|Papers Count:16

Objective: Different studies have indicated that the Resperidon alleviates the general signs of schizophrenics more than Haloperidol. Since there have not been such researche in Iranian populations, we to compared the efficacy of Resperidon (Iran made) and Haloperidol in reducing the general signs of schizophrenia.Materials & Methods: Frothy five schizophrenic patients (based on DSM-IV criteria) who had been admitted in Razi Psychiatric Center were studied in a before – after experimental study. After a 2-week washout period the patients were randomly assigned into Haloperidol (15mg/d) and Resperidon (6mg/d) groups. For each patient the general subscale of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and extra pyramidal complication scales were evaluated and recorded at baseline examination weekly for 8 weeks, after initiation of the therapy. The results were analyzed using t-test for paired samples, independent samples t-test and general linear model (GLM) repeated measured as the main variable, two therapeutic methods between subject factor and timing within subject factor in analysisResults: No significant differences were observe between the mean score of general signs in baseline until fifth week of treatment course (P>0.05). From the sixth week till the end of the study the mean score of general signs were significantly lower in Resperidon group compared to Haloperidol group (P<0.05). Both drug was resulted in mean general score reduction. The pattern of mean general score reduction had a significant difference between two goups and the intensity of complications were significantly lower in patients receiving Resperidon compared with Haloperidol group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Prescription of both Iran made Resperidon and Haloperidol reduce general signs of Iranian schizophrenic patients and Resperidon had significantly better effects in this Reducation. The side effects of Resperidon were significantly lower than Haloperidol.

Objectives: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), although is one of the useful and effective therapeutic measures in psychiatry, should only be used in situations that previous research and references have proved it effective, because it is invasive with some possible side effects. The aim of this research was to determine the reasons of ECT Prescription in Razi Psychiatry Center.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, all the patients who had been admitted at the Razi Psychiatric therapeutic and teaching hospital from 21/3/2003 to 20/3/2004. Case group were patients who had been treated by ECT, and sampling was done by counting all methods. A questionnaire made by the clinician , which was then completed by the physician who had prescribed ECT, and the indications for using ECT and his/her diagnosis were asked. Age and sex of the patients were also asked in the questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS.II S software. The correlation test and chi – square test were used in appropriate times.Results: The most common diagnosed potients at the Razi Psychiatry Center who ECT was used for, were as follows; 1) schizophrenia 2) bipolar disorder, 3) schizoaffective disorder. The common reasons for prescribing ECT at Razi Psychiatric Center were: 1) resistance to treatment 2) signs of acute psychosis 3) presence of catatonic symptoms. It was found that sex & age had no influence on prescribing ECT at Razi Psychiatry Center (P>0.05).Conclusions: In regards to the ECT importance and its effectiveness on one hand, and its adverse side effects in the situations, previous research and references not confirming its use on the other hand, it is necessary to emphasis a continuing education for psychiatrists on ECT and also educating the residents of psychiatry and other related groups for the use of ECT.

Objective: This study was directed to compare the effect of mental illness stigmatization and its related features on the families of the patients with the schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) without psychotic features, based on the criterion of DSM-IV-TR conducted on 2005.Materials & Methods: This research was a cross – sectional and comparative study which performed on 40 family members in each group of above mentioned disorders, who had such medical record at Razi psychiatric center or clinic. The interviews were performed using a self – administered 34 items questionnaire which has shown its validation in previous studies.Results: The findings indicated that forty - five percent of the schizophrenia group and thirty – two point five percent of the MDD without psychotic features, have been under discrimination and humiliation .The results have also shown that there is only in the schizophrenia group, a significant correlation between the stigma in the family and the duration of patient’s mental disorder and the frequency of their hospitalization (p<0.05). There has also been a significant correlation between the diagnosis of the illness and it’s denying and hiding by the family members (P<0.05).Conclusion: One half of the families of psychiatric patients experience the humiliation and discrimination and suffering from the stigmatization which in turn makes them feel uncomfortable and ashamed. The type of the psychiatric disorder plays a major role in the stigmatization. The psycho – education of the family along with the general education of the community can have a significant effect on the reduction and hopefully elimination of such stigma.

Objective: Behavioral disorders constituted a wide range of childhood problems and its prevalence has been fluctuated in several areas of the world and Iran. This essay deals with the degree of behavioral disorders prevalence of Ilam province primary students.Materials & Methods: This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Statistical universe of this research consists of all students of primary grade in Ilam in educational year of 2004-2005. The number of students in this research, to implement the uestionnaire, was 1546 students who were selected according the method of quota sampling in accordance of sex, living areas, educational grade and the method of multistage cluster sampling. The teacher form of Rutter questionnaire was used as screening tool and psychiatry diagnostic interview form for students who had the higher score than cut-off point in Rutter test. The Chi- Square test was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings showed degree of behavioral disorders prevalence in primary school students in Ilam province was about 10.2 per cent. The degree of prevalence in boys was greater than girls, in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. It also was greater in senior students in comparison with other educational grades. The results of prevalence according to sub-groups of diagnostic class of Rutter test shown that the highest degree of prevalence belongs to social maladjustment disorder and the lowest degree of prevalence belongs to anti-social behaviors disorder. There was a significant relation among factors such as demographic, parent`s education, parents` divorce and record of mental disease in the family and the behavioral disorders incidence in child.Conclusion: Degree of behavioral disorders prevalence in comparison with the other researches in and out of Iran is in a medium domain.

Objective: The present study examines Bandura’s agentic model of depression in adolescence as well as modeling physical domain of self-efficacy.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study the selected samples were 946 students (471 girls and 475 boys) of high schools from north, south, east, west and central region of Tehran. The schools were selected by random sampling. Participants completed Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Physical Efficacy Questionnaire and scales measuring social avoidance and peer rejection. The design of this study is structural equation modeling which includes two sections: first confirmatory factor analysis. Second, structural equation. This study examined direct and indirect self-efficacy pathways to adolescence depression.Results: Findings revealed satisfactory fit: RMR= 0.079, RMSEA= 0.047, NFI=0.95, CFI=0.97and GFI=0.96. The direct effect of physical mastery and skill self-efficacy is not significant on depression (P>0.05), but its indirect effect is significant.Conclusion: Results showed that direct and indirect impact through peer rejection and social avoidance of physical presentation is significant but physical mastery efficacy is not significant.

Objective: In this research, comparison of social adjustment in mothers of educable mentally retarded and girls mothers of normal girls has been investigated. The purpose of this study was answer to this questions that whether presence of mentally retarded child has a negative effect on social adjustment of mothers.Materials & Methods: This research is a case – control and analytical study. 80 mothers (composed of 40 mothers having mentally retarded girls and 40 mothers having normal girls who educated in middle schools) were selected with random sampling. In the present study the weissman & paykel social adjustment scale (1974) was used. This is a semi-structured interview which investigates social adjustment in seven main areas: used work, social and leisure activities, extended family relations, marital relations, parental role, family unit and economic position.Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between social adjustment in mothers of mentally retarded and mothers of normal girls (P<0.01). One way ANOVA and correlation showed that there was not significant difference between the demographic variables (child age, mother age, the length of marriage, the education level of mother, number of children the position of the child in the family) and social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded girls (P<0.01).Conclusion: From the results, we can come up with the point, that the social adjustment of mothers of mentally retarded girls is less than that of mothers of normal girls.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the efficacy of Neurofeedback, Ritalin and Combined therapy in reducing ADHD symptoms. The efficacy of such methods measured by testing increasing intelligent scores of the participants.Materials & Methods: In this quase-experimental research, as case series, 16 participating children with mixed ADHD, that were selected as a purposeful manner, were treated into above approaches within four groups for ten weeks. The fourth group was not treated.Results: The findings showed that the increasing of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was caused by the combined treatment of Neurofeedback and Ritalin in every four group participants. Treatment by Ritalin alone caused increasing the intelligent scores, but it in some cases it was not considerable. Treatment method of Neurofeedback also caused increasing the score of IQ in three group participants. There was no change in the fourth group.Conclusion: Efficacy of mixed therapy of Neurofeedback and Ritalin had increased the scores of children with ADHD in the intelligent as revised test of WISC-R shown in compare to the two other methods.

Objective: Personality characteristics have an effective role in tendency toward substance abuse related disorders. Novelty seeking also has a specific role in vulnerability of substance abuse. The main aim of this study was the exact assessment of relationship between opioid abuse and, or dependence with in novelty seeking.Materials & Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was done on 100 subjects who referred to two drug abuse therapeutic centers in Tehran, Iran. Research samples considered of persons with opioid abuse and dependence based on DSM IV–TR diagnostic criteria. Control group considered persons without any substance related disorders. First, all of the subjects fulfilled demographic questionnaires and were interviewed by Semi structured Interview for Substance Related Disorders based on DSM IV–TR, and then Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckermann) Questionnaire.Results: The mean score for novelty seeking in subjects with opioid abuse and dependence was higher than control group (15.31 against 9.89). Their diference was significant (P<0.05).There was a negative and significant relationship between the age of onset of substance abuse and novelty seeking (P<0.05). Also there was a significant relation between intravenous drug use and higher scores of novelty seeking.Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between substances related disorders and novelty seeking component, respecting the measurability of a reliable and practical psychological test, one can easily screen higher-risk factors in adolescents and perform a quicker primary prevention measures among such groups.

Objective: Gender Identity Disorder is a rare condition in which individuals experience their gender identity as being incongruous with their phenotype. An important factor related with this disorder is family, which plays a role in etiology and maintenance of the disorder. Finding the relationship between family functioning and Gender Identity Disorder (GID), can be useful for enhancement of the interventions program, to help the patients and evaluation of this relationship is aim of this study.Materials & Methods: This study was a cross – sectional and case-control research. In this study 37 individuals who have been reffered to Iran Forensic Medicine Organization with Gender Identity Disorder (GID) diagnosed by pschiatric commision filled demographic questionnaire and Family Assessment Device. Matching the control variable (sex, age, and education), 37 available individuals who have no psychiatric problem were selected in control group and filled the device. Data was analized using by T- test for independent groups.Results: Results showed that "family functioning" (p=0.034) and some functional demensions including "Affective involvement "(p=0.03)," Control of behavior "(p=0.021) and "Affective responsibility"(p=0.009) in Gender Identity Disorder (GID) group in comparison with control group were more unsuficient. But there is no significant diffrence in "Roles"(p=0.15), "Problem Solving"(p=0.16) and "Communication"(p=0.066) between two groups.Conclusion: In regard to findings of this study, programs through the family intervention can be useful for Gender Identity Disorder (GID) patients. In other hand by viewing these factors planing some programs for prevention and treatment of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is suggested.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of burnout factors among the Personnel of therapeutic ward and bureaucrat ward in Razi psychiatric hospital. Evaluation of relationship between burnout and demographic factors of personnel, were another purpose of this study.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and analytical study 250 personnel were selected through a multi clustral sampling. Due to non cooperation of some personnel, final analysis was performed on 198 questioners with Maslach and demographic questionnaires.Results: The mean Maslach score was 29.06 with mild burnout. This score in the personnel of therapeutic ward was greater than the personnel of bureaucrat and their difference, were significant (P = 0.007). There was a significant correlation between the mean emotional exhaustion and feelings of personal accomplishment scores in two groups (P < 0.05) and no relation with the mean of depersonalization score (P = 0.1). There was no significant relation between marital status and earning from this profession and burnout (P> 0.05) but there was a significant correlation between sex in all of personnel (P = 0.04) and weekly hours of work related to burnout in personnel of therapeutic ward (P = 0.003(.Conclusions: There is a least level of burnout seen in the personnel of therapeutic group. We hope these results will be useful in strategic programs in psychiatry fields. Keywords: Burnout, Personnel of Therapeutic Ward, Personnel of Bureaucrat Ward, Razi Psychiatric Hospital.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of communication skills and social problem solving training on self- esteem and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), in third grade students.Materials & Methods: A pre test and post test experimental design were chosen in this study. Forty eight, third grade students were randomly selected and divided into case and control groups. The intervention group was trained through a communication and social problem solving skills program for 15 sessions. The WISC-R and Pope and McHale self-esteem questionnaire were used obtaining for data collection. T-test was utilized for data analysis.Results: The statistical analysis of the pretest and post-test scores revealed that the training did significantly improve IQ and self-esteem scores among the case study group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: The finding indicates a positive relationship between communication and social problem solving skills with self esteem and IQ.

Objective: Increasing cost of hospitalization, family separation and superimposed due to home care attention is considered in schizophrenic patients. Recovery of chronic disease in schizophrenic not predictable for the time in future care nursing services, purpose of this study is determination of home care service effectiveness for care of for schizophrenic patients.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study 48 schizophrenic patients were selected and divided two groups as a random allocation (24 patients in intervention group and 24 patients in control group). For intervention group, psychiatric home care services after discharge were done every 15 days for 3 months. For control group routine predetermined date for next visit was done. Both groups assessed and compared for their psychiatric situation by using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Results: Findings showed, rate of BPRS in the discharge time, and after 3 month follow up in interventional group was better than control group. This different was found to be significant (P = 0.007).Conclusion: A home care service is effective for schizophrenic’s psychiatric situation. Nursing care may be continued after their hospital discharge at the home.

Object: Current study reports psychometrics characteristic of Beck Depression Inventory-II.Materials & Method: Three hundreds fifty four recovered depressed patients were assessed to determine the severity of depression and also the effect of randomized clinical trail. These subjects were recruited though community advertisement and clinical practices settings of psychiatrists and psychotherapists. After obtaining interviews, to evaluate the history of the primary problems (Past Major Depressive Disorder) and other exclude, include consideration criteria; Beck Depression Inventory –II and Brief Symptom Inventory (Depression scale) were conducted. This article report data related to Beck Depression Inventory.Results: Results of the factor analysis, reliability and validity showed application of the Inventory in clinical setting.Conclusion: Psychometric characteristics of Beck Depression Inventory –II, reflects a robust diagnostic and results in related to severity of depression before and after treatment for several times. Evidence of the Beck Depression Inventory – II factorial validity, showed the marvellousness of assessing any kind of such clinical trial. Particularity with considering the three factors of depression, it would be possible to determine the dimensions of such respective changes.